资源简介

(共49张PPT)
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子。
功能：就相当于名词词组。
担当：主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
类型：
1.主语从句
2.宾语从句
3.表语从句
4.同位语从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语
that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略
whether/ if(是否) 放于句首时用whether 用whether/if均可，但有区别 常用whether 常用whether 常用whether
主语从句
定义：在主从复合句中充当主语成分的句子。
从属连词：that, whether/if
连接代词：who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等
连接副词：when, where, how, why等
1. 从属连词：that， whether/if
(1)连接词that在句子中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。
That the earth is round is well-known.
(2that从句做主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型见下表：
句型 例句
It +be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable…)+that 从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
It + be+名词/名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise…)+that从句 It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.
It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged….)+that 从句 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
whether/if(是否)引导的主语从句
条件 连接词 例句
句首 whether Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.
it作形式主语，主语从句置于句末 与or not直接连用时 whether It makes no difference whether or not he comes.
与表示选择的or…连用 whether It makes no difference whether he comes or leaves.
与or not不直接连用 whether/或if It makes no difference whether/if he comes or not.
2. 连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, whomever等
连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who killed the actor remains a question.
在从句中作主语
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
在从句中作宾语
3. 连接副词：when, where, why, how等
连接副词在从句中充当状语，不能省略。
Why he didn’t come here is not clear to everyone.
在从句中作原因状语
When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.
在从句中作时间状语
Where we will go hasn’t been decide.
在从句中作地点状语
4.主语从句的注意事项：
从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。
主谓一致：从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数形式；但what和who引导的主从时，有时主句的谓语动词单复数取决于后面名词（作表语的名词）的单复数。
What I need is money。/ What I need are books.
3). 如果由and连接两个或两个以上的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
When they will start and where they will go have not decided yet.
4).如果由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decide.
comes to the party will receive a present.
It depends on the climate they are going shopping today.
caused the accident is a complete mystery.
When they will start not been decided yet.
It is suggested that the meeting called off, because it doesn’t make any sense.
Whoever
whether
What
has
should be/ be
you described in the book made children interested.
It suddenly hit him he had left his umbrella in the taxi on his way home.
they would support us was a problem.
breaks the law should be punished.
he managed to survive in the forest interested everyone present.
What
that
Whether
Whoever
How
宾语从句
定义：宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句。
类型：动词后宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句
从属连词：that, if/whether(是否)
连接代词：who, whom, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等
连接副词：when, where, why, how等。
1.及物动词后的宾语从句
I will give whoever needs help a warm support.
Could you tell me where the booking office is
2.形容词后的宾语从句
常见的形容词有：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised等表示情感的词。
Our teacher is satisfied that we have made rapid progress.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
3.介词后的宾语从句
一般来说,介词后可以接wh-类的宾语从句,而in, except, but等少数介词后还可以接that引导的宾语从句.
We’re talking about whether we go to the movies at once.
Your composition is very good except that the handwriting is a little bad.
宾语从句的用法及注意事项
(1)宾语从句的语序：陈述语序
Do you know where Jim’s father work
(2)it作形式宾语
动词find, consider, think, feel, believe, make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语。
有些动词及短语enjoy, love, like, hate, appreciate, see to, depend on, rely on等带宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。
I have made it clear that I will not accept the job.
I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
(3)用whether而不用if引导宾从的情况
直接与or not连用时
从句作介词的宾语时
后接动词不定式时
I wonder whether or not they will come.
I worry about whether we can arrive there on time.
I can’t decide whether to buy this pen or that one.
若宾语从句是否定句时，只用if不用whether。
I don’t care if he doesn’t come.
(4)宾语从句的时态
如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态通常应按 ‘时态呼应’原则调整成过去范畴的相应时态。
宾语从句表示的客观真理或普遍规律，从句用一般现在时。
She said that she would fly to London the next day.
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
(5)宾语从句的省略
动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾从时，第一个that省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。
主句谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，宾语从句前的that不能省略。
I believe (that) you’ve done your best and that things will improve.
He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her.
(6)在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise, desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等的后面，谓语动词用 ‘(should)+动词原形’.
The policeman demanded that the gate (should) be shut.
(7)否定前移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，通常要把否词转移到主句的谓语上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don’t think this dress fits you.
存在否定前移现象的主从复合句变反意疑问句时，应注意：
若主句的主语是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。
若主句的主语不是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。
I don’t think he has finished his work, has he
You don’t think he passed the exam, do you
The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
----I wonder he managed to pass the driving test. -----By practising more.
My mother told me the party was very important and I should behave well.
He made it clear he hoped to buy the car at a discount.
why/(that)
where
how
that
that
表语从句
定义：在复合句中作句子的表语
从属连词:that, whether, as if(好像，仿佛)
连接代词：who, whose, what, which
连接副词：when, where, how, why等
as、because也可以引导表语从句
1.that引导的表语从句
只起连接作用，
在从句中不作任何成分，
无语意，
通常不省略，
对主语主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。
The fact was that he didn’t even take the exam.
主语+系动词+that从句
2.连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
(1)连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose
在句中起连接作用外
充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
有各自的含义
(2)连接副词when, where, how, why
在句中起连接作用外
充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语
词本身有含义
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
That is where I disagree with you.
(3)连词whether起连接作用，意为‘是否’，在句中不作任何成分。
The problem is whether it is true.
3.从属连词as if, as though, because, just as, as引导的表语从句
as if, as though, just as, as后可以接虚拟语气
It looks as if we will be late.
看起来我们似乎会迟到。
It is because he is too careless.
那是因为他太粗心了
句型：
It/That/This is because……那/这是因为…..
That’s why…..那就是….的原因
The reason why…..is that…. ….的原因是….
4. 主语是表示建议、要求、命令、计划的名词，表语从句谓语动词用‘(should)+动词原形’,这类词有suggestion, advice, order, request, plan, propose….
My suggestion is that we should go and help him.
5.注意事项
当主语是the reason, the result或why引导的主语从句时，常用that引导表语从句。
在引导表语从句时，whether不能用if替换
The reason why I didn’t come is that I was ill yesterday.
His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet.
The impression he makes on me is he is a reliable person.
The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
The question is we can rely on him.
Look at the high mountain. That is we will get.
The reason why the actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.
that
when
whether
where
that
同位语从句
定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词或起类似作用的其他形式，对前者进一步说明它指的是谁、是什么等，同位语与被它补充说明的词的格式要一致，而且紧紧挨在一起。
可充当同位语的有名词(词组)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词短语、不定式短语及从句。
从属连词：that，whether
连接代词：who, which, what等
连接副词：where, when, why, how等
充当成分：主语、宾语、表语等
常见的词后面接同位语从句：
fact, news, answer, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reply, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question, certainty等。
1.连接词that
不作任何成分
只起连接作用
不可省略
不能与which替换
The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
2.连接词whether
不充当成分
意为‘是否’
不可以用if替换
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
3.连接代词who, what, whom……
起连接作用
在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语等
保留自身含义
The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
4.连接副词when, where, how ,why…
在句中作状语
Our teacher gave us the question where we should have our summer holidays.
5. 同位语从句的注意事项:
有时同位语从句并不仅跟在他所要解释的词的后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡，这叫分隔式同位语从句。
表示建议、命令的名词后面的同位语从句用虚拟语气。
An idea occurred to him that he might go there by train.
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
6. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同从 定从
功能不同 对名词加以补充说明 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系
that 不作成分；只起连接作用；不可省略 作主语或宾语；起连接作用；作从句的宾语时可以省略
whether/how/what 起连接作用，其中whether不作成分，而what和how作成分 不引导定语从句
其他wh-words 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义 代替先行词在从句中作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义
The idea that you can do this job well without thinking is wrong.
that引导同位语从句，不作成分，无词义
The idea that he gave surprised many people.
that引导定语从句，且作gave的宾语
The idea some people are superior to others is sheer nonsense.
The suggestion students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.
The question will take his place is still not clear.
I have no idea wine is the best----it’s a matter of personal taste.
The question we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
that
that
who
which
whether
who
where
what
how　
whoever　
whether/if
what　
where　
whoever　
that
what
how
What
that
why
why
what/whatever
what/whatever
what
who/where
谢谢观看

展开更多......

收起↑