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试卷类型：A
福建省部分地市2024届普通高中毕业班第一次质量检测
英语试题
本试卷共14页，共67题，总分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目洗面的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 95分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What does the man show great concern for
A. His studies. B. World affairs. C. His health.
2. What is the woman doing
A. Asking the way. B. Telling the way. C. Having a class.
3. Who did the woman want to call
A. James. B. Drake. C. Daniel.
4. How does the man feel about the mouse
A. He’s calm. B. He’s scared. C. He’s surprised.
5. What does the woman dislike about the building
A. Its design. B. Its position. C. Its neighborhood.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Their majors. B. After-class activities. C. Plans after graduation.
7. What does the man invite the woman to do
A Join a club. B. Do some sports. C. Watch a play.
听第7段材料，回答第8-9题。
8. What does the man think of the program
A. It isn’t worth watching. B. It isn’t that bad. C. It is fantastic.
9. What will the man do tomorrow
A. Go on a business trip. B. Attend a meeting. C. Stay at home.
听第8段材料，回答第10-12题。
10. When is the sports meet fixed
A. At 2:00 pm. B. At 3:00 pm. C. At 8:00 am.
11. What does the woman think the weather will be like this afternoon
A. Rainy. B. Fine. C. Cloudy.
12. What will the man do next
A. Take exercise.
B. Broadcast the weather conditions.
C. Try the 24-hour telephone weather forecast service.
听第9段材料，回答第13-16题。
13. Why did Sarah make the phone call
A. To pass on a message.
B. To ask a favor.
C. To make an appointment.
14. Where is Sarah now
A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel.
15. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning
A. At 8:20. B. At 8:00. C. At 7:40.
16. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah
A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife.
听第10段材料，回答第17-20题。
17. What did the speaker major in at college
A. Woodwork. B. Design. C. Art.
18. What model did the speaker think was the most difficult to do
A. A large castle. B. A burnt-out house. C. A strange farmhouse.
19. How did the speaker rebuild a theater
A. By going to an exhibition regularly.
B. By watching the original building.
C. By following detailed drawings.
20. Where does the speaker live
A. In Japan. B. In England. C. In Canada.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Central Park
Explore Central Park, one of the largest city parks in the world and one of the most famous symbols of New York. Let’s have a look at its main sights.
Central Park is New York’s largest city park and one of the biggest in the world, with an area of 843 acres (about 3.4km2). This park is home to man-made lakes, waterfalls, grass and wooded areas. You will also find the Central Park Zoo, among other attractions in this greenspace of New York.
Besides being the city’s primary green lungs, Central Park is also a favorite spot for many New Yorkers. It is perfect for sunbathing, going for walks, or doing any outdoor sports. Something that we found curious is seeing so many people running with their babies in prams (婴儿车).
On Foot or by Bicycle
To get to know some of the wildest parts of Central Park we suggest walking. However, to get a general feel for the whole park, the best thing to do is hire a bicycle and enjoy the scenery.
If you decide to hire a bike, you will find lots of bike rental stores around Central Park that are not very expensive.
Open Time
From 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. on weekends.
From 6 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. on weekdays.
Price
Entry to the Park is free. But if you visit some parts like Central Park Zoo, you need to buy a ticket.
Transport
Subway: Line 5, 6, 7, A, B, C and D．
Bus: Line M1, M2, M3, M4 and M10.
Nearby places
Metropolitan Museum of Art (447 m)
Guggenheim Museum (564 m)
American Museum of Natural History (688 m)
Whitney Museum of American Art (1 km)
The Frick Collection (1.3 km)
1. What can we learn about the Central Park from the text
A It is home to lakes and waterfalls.
B. It is perfect for doing outdoor sports.
C. It is the largest city park in the world.
D. It is the most famous symbol of New York.
2. Which one of the following things is free
A. Hiring a bicycle. B. Entrance to Central Park.
C. Visiting Central Park Zoo. D. Going to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3. Where can we find this text
A. In a science report. B. In a geography book.
C. In a fashion magazine. D. In a travel guide.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约的中央公园，同时提到了其开放时间、抵达方式、价格以及其附近的地点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“It is perfect for sunbathing, going for walks, or doing any outdoor sports. (它非常适合日光浴、散步或进行任何户外运动)”可知，中央公园最适合户外运动。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Price大标题下的第一句话“Entry to the Park is free. (进入公园是免费的)”可知，中央公园的门票是免费的。故选B.
【3题详解】
文章出处题。文章主要介绍了纽约的中央公园，同时提到了其开放时间、抵达方式、价格以及其附近的地点。所以该篇文章最有可能出自旅游指南。故选D。
B
In Scotland, 600,000 tonnes of food are thrown away every year. This amount of food, which could feed about 1.2 billion poor people, is almost a third of household (家庭的) waste. And food waste isn’t just a big problem in Scotland.
Money, time, and resources are often wasted by throwing away good food. It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas, which is perilous to the planet.
In the production stage, some foods do not enter the food chain for many reasons. Supermarkets usually care about the quality of food from farms. They often refuse strange-looking and unusually sized produce. However, they seem to forget that it is almost impossible to grow the perfect produce. Food waste at the consumption (消费) stage includes food going out of date and leftovers (剩饭) because of too much food. In households, even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.
In order to reduce food waste, here is what we can do:
Understand the terms “use by” and “best before” dates. “Use by” dates are there for your safety. It is dangerous to eat food after the use-by date and doing so risks your health. “Best before” dates tell you how long the food will be at its best quality. Once the food passes the date, it isn’t necessarily bad, but you should still check, just to be sure.
Every time you go shopping and bring back new food, put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire (到期) soon closer to the front. That way, you know what needs to be eaten first.
If you have any food that will expire soon, give it to charity if you aren’t going to eat it. They will really appreciate the food you have given.
4. What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A. Food waste is the biggest part of household waste.
B. Household waste hasn’t drawn much attention.
C. People in Scotland waste the most food.
D. Food waste is a common problem.
5 What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Valuable. B. Dangerous. C. Different. D. Unnecessary.
6. What should people do to reduce food waste according to the text
A. Pick usually sized produce.
B. Improve the quality of farm produce.
C. Order produce directly from farmers.
D. Avoid buying too much food at a time.
7. What advice does the author offer to people
A. Buy food that will expire soon to reduce waste.
B. Place food carefully according to its expiry date.
C. Throw away food that passes the best-before date.
D. Give food that has passed its use-by date to charity.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何减少食物浪费提出了一些建议。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In Scotland, 600,000 tonnes of food are thrown away every year. This amount of food, which could feed about 1.2 billion poor people, is almost a third of household (家庭的) waste. (在苏格兰，每年有60万吨食物被丢弃。这些可以养活12亿贫困人口的粮食几乎是家庭浪费的三分之一。)”可推知，食物浪费是一个普遍的问题。故选D项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Money, time, and resources are often wasted by throwing away good food. It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas,(金钱、时间和资源常常被浪费在扔掉好的食物上。它还会产生非常有害的温室气体)”可知，这些有害的温室气体对地球应该是危险的，所以可推测画线词是“危险的”意思。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Food waste at the consumption (消费) stage includes food going out of date and leftovers (剩饭) because of too much food. In households, even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.(消费阶段的食物浪费包括由于食物过多而导致的食物过期和剩饭。在家庭中，甚至大多数新鲜的水果和蔬菜都被扔掉了。)”可知，为了避免食物浪费，避免一次买太多的食物。故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Every time you go shopping and bring back new food, put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire (到期) soon closer to the front.(每次你去购物并带回新的食物时，把它们放在冰箱的后面，把即将过期的食物放在靠近前面的地方。)”可知，作者建议根据食物的保质期小心放置食物。故选B项。
C
A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that humans can’t do. Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater explorers, too.
OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater world in full color. The back of the robot has computers and eight multidirectional thrusters (推进器) that help it carefully explore the sites of fragile shipwrecks. When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance.
The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beyond the normal range for divers. While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet, researchers had a new goal:1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed the robot’s body by using special foam to increase buoyancy (浮力) and fight the pressures of 1, 000 meters more than 100 times what humans experience at sea level. OceanOneK also got two new types of hands and increased arm and head motion.
During OceanOneK’s deep dive in February, team members discovered the robot couldn’t rise when they stopped for a thruster check. Flotations on the communications and power line had collapsed, causing the line to pile on the top of the robot.
OceanOneK’s descent was a success. It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads, “A robot’s first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a professor, called the experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” he said.
8. What can we learn about OceanOneK
A. Its eyes are colorful.
B. It functions automatically.
C. It looks like its operator from the front.
D. It is remotely controlled to explore underwater.
9. How does the author develop the third paragraph
A. By listing data. B. By raising questions.
C. By reasoning and analyzing. D. By presenting an argument.
10. What does the underlined words “descent” mean in the last paragraph
A. Successful operation. B. Deep diving.
C. Pressure resistance. D. Flexible exploration.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. A Creative Explorer B. The Ambitious Exploration
C. A Self-driven Seeker — A Robot D. A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一款深海探测机器人OceanOneK。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater explorers, too.(该机器人被称为OceanOneK，它让操作员感觉自己也是水下探险家)”，第二段“OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater world in full color.(OceanOneK从正面看就像一个人类潜水员，手臂、手和眼睛捕捉到了全彩色的水下世界)”及“When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance.(当操作员在海面上使用控制装置来指挥OceanOneK时，机器人基于触摸的反馈系统会使人感受到水的阻力)”可知，OceanOneK是被人远程控制的，可以在水下探险。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet, researchers had a new goal: 1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed the robot’s body by using special foam to increase buoyancy and fight the pressures of 1, 000 meters more than 100 times what humans experience at sea level.(虽然OccanOneK的设计最大深度为656英尺，但研究人员有了一个新的目标：1公里，因此OceanOneK有了新名称。研究人员通过使用特殊的泡沫来改变机器人的身体，以增加浮力，并对抗1000米的压力，这是人类在海平面上所承受的压力的100多倍)”可知，文章第三段通过列数据来开展。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词后文“It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads, “A robot’s first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a professor, called the experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” he said.(它在海床上留下了一块纪念碑，上面写着：“机器人第一次触摸深海——一个供人类探索的广阔新世界。”哈提卜教授称这次经历是一次“不可思议的旅程”。他说：“这是机器人第一次能够到达这样的深度，与环境互动，并让人类操作员感受到那种环境。”)”可知，机器人OceanOneK成功潜入深海，descent与Deep diving“深潜”意思接近。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks in a way that humans can’t do. Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater explorers, too.(斯坦福大学发明的一个机器人能以人类无法做到的方式潜入沉船。这个被称为OceanOneK的机器人让它的操作员也感觉自己是水下探险家)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了一款能进行深海探险的机器人OceanOneK。A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK“深海探险家——OceanOneK”作为最佳标题，符合题意。故选D项。
D
Marilu Arce loves her job, but for a time she considered leaving. The traffic-plagued commute from her home to her office, nearly two hours each way, meant her daughters couldn’t enroll in after school activities because she couldn’t get home in time to take them.
Then her employer adopted a policy permitting her to work from home two days a week, and “I feel like it changed my life,” she said. Her stress level has dropped. Her daughters are thrilled. She likes her job more. That’s the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention. So far, it seems to be working: turnover was less than five percent last year—its lowest ever.
Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been offering them. Studies have shown working remotely increases employee engagement, but in moderation because there is still value in the relationships nurtured when colleagues are face to face. The key, advocates of flexible work policies say, is to match the environment with the type of work that needs to be done.
The flexibility hasn’t hurt productivity, which is up 50 percent. There is “something lost” when colleagues don’t gather at the water cooler, but it’s outweighed by the retention and happiness gains, he said. As jobs that require physical work decline, thanks to technological advances, life superficially appears to get better. Consumers benefit in the form of cheaper prices. Labor-saving appliances all make things easier and suggest that even more and better benefits are on the horizon. But is something lost
Talk long enough to the most accomplished academics, they will brag about a long-ago college summer job waiting tables or repairing hiking trails. They might praise the installer who redid their kitchen. There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need. Indeed, the more we have become immobile and urbanized, the more we tune in to watch reality television’s truckers, loggers, farmers, drillers and rail engineers. In a society that supposedly despises menial jobs, the television ratings for such programmes suggest that lots of Americans enjoy watching people of action, who work with their hands.
Physical work, in its eleventh hour within a rapidly changing Western culture, still intrigues us in part because it remains the foundation for 21st century complexity. Before any of us can teach, write or speculate, we must first have food, shelter and safety. And for a bit longer, that will require some people to cut grapes and nail two-by-sixes. No apps or 3D printers exist to produce brown rice. Physical labour also promotes human versatility: Those who do not do it, or who do not know how to do it, become divorced from—and, at the same time, dependent on—labourers. Lawyers, accountants and journalists living in houses with yards and driving cars to work thus count on a supporting infrastructure of electricians, landscapers and mechanics. In that context, physical labour can provide independence, at least in a limited sense of not being entirely reliant on a host of hired workers.
12. The author mentions the example of Arce to show that________.
A. she dislikes the present job for the long commuting time
B. she is having trouble balancing work and school life
C. people usually don’t work hard outside office
D. employers are facing the problem of staff drain
13. The practice of flexible working time is based on the belief that________.
A. it helps to increase job satisfaction for the employees
B. it improves harmonious relationship among colleagues
C. the decline in physical work gives employees more mobility
D. employees are entitled to request it according to their work
14. What is the possible reason for the popularity of hard-work reality-television programmes
A. They entertain those employees burned out with overwork.
B. People can learn some basic labour skills from these programmes.
C. There’s an ongoing need for physical labour skills that technology doesn’t possess.
D. They offer instructive information for both employers and employees.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. The Emergence of Alternative Work Arrangements
B. The Rise of Automation, the Decline in Need for Labour
C. Time to Rethink in the Face of the Evolution of Work
D. New Challenges for Today’s Employers and Academics
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。灵活的工作制度和技术的发展带来了便利，减少了人们的体力劳动，但体力劳动对人们也有重大意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“That’s the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention.(这是Arce的老板在公司评估在家工作政策是否成功时喜欢听到的反应。该政策是三年前制定的，旨在提高员工的留任率)”可知，Arce虽然喜欢自己的工作，但由于交通问题想要辞职，老板允许她在家工作后，她更加喜欢这个工作了，这也是老板喜闻乐见的，因为这种政策留住了员工，由此可推测出，列举Arce的例子是为了说明雇主们面临着员工流失的问题。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been offering them.(灵活的工作政策是员工求职时的首要愿望，雇主越来越多地提供这些政策)”可知，员工求职时的首要愿望就是灵活的工作政策，由此可推测，实施灵活工作可以帮助增加员工的工作满意度。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need.(人类似乎有一种想做体力劳动的本能。辛勤工作的真人秀节目的激增反映了这种明显的需求)”可知，辛勤工作的真人秀受到欢迎反映了人类进行体力劳动的需求。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，前三段借用Marilu Arce的例子讲述了灵活工作政策带来的好处，第四段结尾用问句“But is something lost (但是有什么东西失去了吗？)”进行转折，接下来讲述了人们离不开体力劳动的原因。由此可推测出，本文围绕灵活工作政策减少体力劳动展开，讲述了其带来的好处以及并不适用于所有情况，C项“面对工作的演变，是时候反思了”最能反映本文主题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
____16____ For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers. Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too.____17____
How does nature boost people’s happiness Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving. _____18_____ Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests. That’s more proof that going outside is a smart move!
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. ____19____
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors. _____20_____ From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside.
A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.
B. According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative.
C. What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting.
D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees.
E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off.
F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level.
G. So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是户外活动的好处。
【16题详解】
根据空后的For example可知，空后内容是对该空的举例说明，所以该空为本段的主题句，根据空处所在段落的尾句“Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. (在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来的快乐会持续很久，C选项“What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting. (更重要的是，人们从大自然中获得的提升是持久的。)”表述的内容与举例说明中的内容一致，符合语境。故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据空前“For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers.Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too. (例如，英国科学家研究了“野外30天”运动的影响。它要求人们在30天内与大自然互动，享受像喂鸟和种花这样的朴实活动。参与者在整个挑战过程中以及之后的几个月里都明显更快乐、更健康。在整个挑战过程中，参与者都更快乐、更健康……之后的几个月也是如此。)”可知，该段讲述的是在户外活动给参与者带来快乐，G选项“So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation. (所以，在公园里放松一下有点像给你的大脑放个小长假。)”，是对前面的总结，符合语境。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据空前“But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving.(但多项研究发现，花时间在大自然中也有一些更令人惊讶的好处，比如提高创造力和解决问题的能力。)”中的multiple studies以及空后句子“Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests.(另一项研究发现，接触大自然有助于人们在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”中的another可知，该空格应该是关于在户外好处的相关研究，A选项“One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.(一项研究表明，人们在为期四天的露营旅行后更善于找出谜题。)”讲述的为一项关于户外好处的研究，符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空格处于尾句可知，该空应为本段的总结，根据空前“Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. (一些科学家认为，花时间在大自然中可以让我们的大脑休息并从精神疲劳中恢复过来。)”可知，户外会让大脑得到休息，从精神疲劳中恢复过来，F选项“This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level. (这意味着无论你是在学习还是玩电子游戏，到外面去让你的大脑休息一下可能会帮助你达到一个新的水平。)”中的this means是对空前内容的解释，结合句意可知，F选项内容与空前内容吻合。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后“From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside. (从娱乐和锻炼到快乐和创造力，户外活动有很多好处。)”的recreation(娱乐)相关的户外活动为全文首次出现可以推断，此空处应提到相关内容，D选项“Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees. (很多人在外面享受有趣的活动，如游泳、骑自行车或爬树。)”中的fun activity以及其后的举例内容与空后内容一致。故选D项。
第三部分 语言文字运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social ____21____ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will ____22____ in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to ____23____ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly ____24____ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food
In the laboratory, chimps don’t ____25____ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull ____26____ -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, ____27____, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this ____28____ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally ____29____ in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very _____30_____ age before most parents have started to train their children to behave _____31_____. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence _____32_____ in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the _____33_____ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can _____34_____ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) _____35_____goal.
21. A. structures B. responsibilities C. policies D. behaviors
22. A. conflict B. offend C. cooperate D. discuss
23. A. help B. contact C. divide D. trust
24. A. manage B. decline C. attempt D. force
25. A. curiously B. unwillingly C. naturally D. carelessly
26. A. in turn B. with care C. at random D. in advance
27. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand
28. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. attack D. attractiveness
29. A. educated B. possessed C. motivated D. stimulated
30. A. old B. young C. middle D. late
31. A. creatively B. formally C. competitively D. socially
32. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears
33. A. invisible B. abstract C. physical D. imaginary
34. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance
35. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛通过测试发现人类在社交方面比黑猩猩出色得多是因为人类的思维中有“共同意向性”，而黑猩猩的思维中却没有。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，科学家发现黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似。A. structures结构；B. responsibilities责任；C. policies政策；D. behaviors行为、举止。根据下文“Chimps will 2 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知，黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：黑猩猩会以某种方式合作，比如聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地。A. conflict冲突；B. offend冒犯；C. cooperate合作；D. discuss讨论。根据下文“like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知，黑猩猩会聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地，这说明它们会互相合作，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，它们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。A. help帮助；B. contact联系；C. divide分开；D. trust信任。攻击上文“But”可知，这里的转折连词表明此处与前面说的互相合作相反，除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，它们几乎不会互相帮助。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至黑猩猩妈妈也经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。A. manage设法做成；B. decline拒绝；C. attempt尝试；D. force迫使。攻击上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.”可知，野生黑猩猩自己寻找食物，它们几乎不会互相帮助，所以黑猩猩妈妈也会拒绝与孩子分享食物，把食物只留给自己。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在实验室里，黑猩猩也不会自然地分享食物。A. curiously好奇地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. naturally自然地；D. carelessly粗心地。上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another.”可知，说除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，黑猩猩几乎没有互相帮助的本能，在实验室里，它们也不会自然而然地分享食物。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果一只黑猩猩被关在笼子里，在那里它可以为自己拉进一盘食物，或者不费多大的力气就可以拉一盘食物给隔壁笼子的邻居，它只会随意拉——只是不在乎邻居是否被喂饱。A. in turn轮流；B. with care小心地；C. at random随意地、胡乱；D. in advance事先。根据下文“he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.”可知，即使是毫不费力地拉一盘食物给隔壁的邻居，它也不会在乎邻居是否被喂饱，这说明它只是随意地拉。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。另一方面，人类儿童从很小的时候就非常合作，他们决定帮助他人，分享信息，参与实现共同目标。A. all in all总而言之；B. as a result结果；C. in no case决不；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据上文“In the laboratory, chimps don’t 5 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 6 —he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.”和下文“are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.”可知，上文介绍的是黑猩猩的行为，下文介绍的是人类的行为，与黑猩猩的行为形成对比，用on the other hand构成对比。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在一系列针对幼儿的实验中研究了这种合作性。A. cooperativeness合作（性）；B. availability可用性；C. attack攻击；D. attractiveness吸引力。根据上文“From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.”可知，说人类儿童在很小的时候就知道合作，所以心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在实验中研究了这种合作性。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有几个理由让我们相信，帮助、告知和分享的冲动不是教出来的，而是小孩子天生就有的。A. educated教育；B. possessed拥有；C. motivated激发；D. stimulated促进。根据上文“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught”可知，人类儿童很小的时候就知道合作的这些行为不是教出来的，而是生来就有的本能。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个理由是这些本能在很小的时候就出现了，在大多数父母开始训练他们的孩子学会社交之前。A. old旧的；B. young年轻的；C. middle中间的；D. late迟的。根据上文“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，这些本能行为不是教出来的，而是生来就有的，所以是在人类很小的时候就出现了。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. creatively创造性地；B. formally正式地；C. competitively竞争地；D. socially社交方面。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，帮助、告知和分享都属于社交行为，此处指父母教他们的孩子学习社交之前，他们已经知道怎么做了。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三个原因是，社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展，至少与黑猩猩相比是这样。A. develops发展、养成；B. decreases减少；C. changes改变；D. disappears消失。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，人类儿童从很小的时候就知道合作和帮助，人们认为这是因为社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在托马塞洛进行的测试中，人类儿童在物理世界测试中并不比黑猩猩表现得更好，但在理解社交世界方面表现得要好得多。A. invisible看不见的；B. abstract抽象的；C. physical物质的、物理的；D. imaginary虚构的。根据下文“the social world”可知，与社会世界相对的应该是物理世界。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种能力的一部分是他们可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么。A. infer推断；B. adapt适应；C. absorb吸收；D. balance平衡。根据上文“The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.”可知，儿童思维中有托马塞洛所说的共同意向性，而黑猩猩的思维中却没有，这种能力会让人类儿童可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么，所以他们从小就知道合作和分享。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们积极寻求成为“我们”的一部分，一个致力于实现共同目标的团体。A. realistic实际的；B. shared共享的；C. specific特定的；D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据上文“But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.”可知，即使是很小的孩子也希望成为共同目标的一部分，所以他们会为实现加入有共同目标的团体而努力。故选B。
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 55分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said, “To a person nothing is ____36____(precious) than their life…” These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ____37____ carried her through a life of hard choices.
At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of ____38____(marry) like the majority of girls. At age 26, she was hired as ____39____ resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital ____40____(immediate) after she graduated. Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position ____41____ usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study abroad, where she ____42____(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues. She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever ____43____(appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war. So she opened a private clinic to help the people in need and charged very low ____44____(fee) and often reduced costs for poor patients.
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, _____45_____(deliver) over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
【答案】36. more precious
37. what 38. marriage
39. a 40. immediately
41. that##which
42. rejected
43. to be appointed
44. fees 45. having delivered
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章按照时间顺序叙述了医学家林巧稚的一生，其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。
【36题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：正如林巧稚医生所说，“对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵……”根据空后的“than”和句意可知，此处需用比较级表示“没有什么比生命更珍贵”，空处应用precious的比较级形式more precious。故填more precious。
【37题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她的这些话让我们看到了这位了不起的女人的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：18岁时，她选择了学医，而不是像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路。分析句子可知，空处作介词of的宾语，marry的名词形式marriage符合题意，意为“婚姻”，句中表示“传统的婚姻道路”。故填marriage。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：26岁毕业后，她立即被聘为北京协和医院妇产科的一名住院医师。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一名”，应用不定冠词，且resident以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：26岁毕业后，她立即被聘为北京协和医院妇产科的一名住院医师。分析句子可知，空处作状语，应用immediate的副词形式immediately，意为“立即”。故填immediately。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在六个月内，她被分配到一个通常需要四年才能获得更高职位。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词position，先行词为物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：工作几年后，她被派往国外学习，在那里她拒绝了外国同事的邀请。分析句子可知，空处作where引导的定语从句的谓语，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，应用reject的过去式rejected。故填rejected。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1941年，她成为第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但后来，该科室因战争而关闭。根据“the first Chinese woman”可推知，此处用“the+序数词+名词+to do”的固定表达，且appoint和woman逻辑上是被动关系，应用appoint的不定式被动语态to be appointed。故填to be appointed。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：所以她开了一家私人诊所来帮助有需要的人，收费很低，经常为贫困病人降低成本。分析句子可知，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词fee应用复数形式fees，句中表示“低费用”。故填fees。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”，一生中接生了5万多名婴儿。分析句子可知，空处作状语，deliver和she逻辑上是主动关系，且deliver的动作发生在was known as的动作之前，应用deliver的现在分词完成式having delivered。故填having delivered。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. “友善”是中华民族的传统美德，你校以“友善”为主题举办英语征文比赛,内容包括：
1. 日常生活中的友善行为；
2. 友善行为的意义或价值；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统美德traditional virtues
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Friendliness is a traditional virtue of the Chinese people. We need to pay attention to the small details in our daily life, such as greeting people with a smile when walking in the street or helping others in need. Such little actions can help bridge the gap between people and create a harmonious society. Moreover, friendly behavior has a great potential to make a positive impact on the lives of those we interact with. Therefore, it is important that we start encouraging kindness and respect to others. Let’s create a friendlier world together!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生写一篇文章，参加学校举办的以“友善”为主题的英语征文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
美德：virtue → merit
帮助：help → assist
行为：action → behavior/deed
此外：moreover → in addition/besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We need to pay attention to the small details in our daily life, such as greeting people with a smile when walking in the street or helping others in need.
拓展句：We need to pay attention to the small details in our daily life, which include greeting people with a smile when walking in the street and helping others in need.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Moreover, friendly behavior has a great potential to make a positive impact on the lives of those we interact with. (运用了省略关系代词that的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefore, it is important that we start encouraging kindness and respect to others. (运用了it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
If you had to choose one word to describe Kevin, it might have been “slow”. He didn’t learn his ABCs as fast as other kids. He never came in first in the schoolyard races. However, his smile was brighter than the sun in June; his heart was bigger than the mountain sky. Kevin’s enthusiasm for life was quite infectious.
When Kevin joined the boys’ school basketball team, basketball became the center of his life. At practice, he worked so hard that you’d think he was preparing for the NBA. He liked to stand in a certain place near the free-throw line and shoot at the basket. Patiently, he stood there throwing ball after ball after ball. “Look at me, Coach!” he’d shout at Randy, jumping up and down with the excitement of shooting.
Kevin and his whole team truly loved basketball. But just loving the game didn’t help them win. More balls fell out of the basket than into it, and the boys lost every game that season, except one—the night when it snowed and the other team couldn’t make it to the game.
It was a cold snowing afternoon when their last game came. As the last-place team, they played against the first-place team. The game went pretty much the same as expected, and near the middle of the fourth quarter Kevin’s team stood nearly 30 points behind.
At that point, one of Kevin’s teammates called time-out. As he came to the side, Randy couldn’t imagine why the time-out had been called. “Coach,” said the boy. “This is our last game and I know that Kevin has played in every game, but he’s never made a basket. I think we should let Kevin make a basket.” With the game completely out of reach, the idea seemed reasonable, so the plan was made. When they had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in his special place near the free-throw line.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His first shot bounced around but missed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】His first shot bounced around but missed. As soon as Kevin’s teammates had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in the certain place near the free-throw line. He shot it slowly, but he missed it again. Nevertheless, all the players of his team kept throwing the ball to him and clapped him with encouragement. Very soon the audience figured out what was happening, so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. The whole playground thundered with the clapping and shouting, “Kevin! Kevin!” And Kevin just kept shooting.
Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly. With arms shooting high into the air, Kevin shouted, “I won! I won!” He jumped high and hugged every teammate excitedly. Everyone could see tears welling in his eyes. They began to shout wildly and clap their hands to congratulate him. The feathery snow danced in the late afternoon air, making a beautiful sight. The clock ticked off the last few seconds and the first-place team remained undefeated. Even though they lost this game again that afternoon, everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了Kevin是个“迟钝”男孩，但和其他人相处的很好，他加入了他的老师Randy组建的篮球队，Kevin热爱篮球，但是他投不进球，球队输掉了所有的比赛。在赛季结束时，他们不幸地与第一名的球队比赛，虽然比对方落后很多，但是Kevin的队友觉得应该让Kevin投篮，每次Kevin所在的球队拿到球，Kevin都要站在罚球线附近他的特殊位置，然后他们就会把球给他。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句“他的第一球弹过，但没有击中”可知，第一段可描写Kevin第一次失败后大家的举动，所有人都为Kevin鼓掌，鼓励他。
②由第二段首句“最后，球弹了一下，出乎意料地进去了”可知，第二段要描写Kevin进球后大家的反应和感想。
2. 续写线索：
Kevin投球不进——观众加油助力——Kevin进球——Kevin、队友、观众的反应——虽输犹胜——感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓掌：clap/applaud
②拥抱：hug /embrace
③大喊：shout/yell
情绪类
①兴奋地：excitedly/with excitement
②疯狂地：wildly/crazily
【点睛】【高分句型1】Very soon the audience figured out what was happening, so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Even though they lost this game again that afternoon, everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.（运用了even though引导的让步状语从句）
听力答案：1-5BAAAB 6-10BCCAA 11-15BCBBC 16-20CABCB试卷类型：A
福建省部分地市2024届普通高中毕业班第一次质量检测
英语试题
本试卷共14页，共67题，总分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目洗面的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 95分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15. B. 9. 18. C. 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What does the man show great concern for
A. His studies. B. World affairs. C. His health.
2. What is the woman doing
A. Asking the way. B. Telling the way. C. Having a class.
3. Who did the woman want to call
A. James. B. Drake. C. Daniel.
4. How does the man feel about the mouse
A. He’s calm. B. He’s scared. C. He’s surprised.
5. What does the woman dislike about the building
A. Its design. B. Its position. C. Its neighborhood.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Their majors. B. After-class activities. C. Plans after graduation.
7. What does the man invite the woman to do
A. Join a club. B. Do some sports. C. Watch a play.
听第7段材料，回答第8-9题。
8. What does the man think of the program
A. It isn’t worth watching. B. It isn’t that bad. C. It is fantastic.
9. What will the man do tomorrow
A. Go on a business trip. B. Attend a meeting. C. Stay at home.
听第8段材料，回答第10-12题。
10. When is the sports meet fixed
A. At 2:00 pm. B. At 3:00 pm. C. At 8:00 am.
11. What does the woman think the weather will be like this afternoon
A. Rainy. B. Fine. C. Cloudy.
12. What will the man do next
A Take exercise.
B. Broadcast the weather conditions.
C. Try the 24-hour telephone weather forecast service.
听第9段材料，回答第13-16题。
13. Why did Sarah make the phone call
A. To pass on a message.
B. To ask a favor.
C. To make an appointment.
14. Where is Sarah now
A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel.
15. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning
A. At 8:20. B. At 8:00. C. At 7:40.
16. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah
A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife.
听第10段材料，回答第17-20题。
17. What did the speaker major in at college
A. Woodwork. B. Design. C. Art.
18. What model did the speaker think was the most difficult to do
A. A large castle. B. A burnt-out house. C. A strange farmhouse.
19. How did the speaker rebuild a theater
A. By going to an exhibition regularly.
B. By watching the original building.
C. By following detailed drawings.
20. Where does the speaker live
A. In Japan. B. In England. C. In Canada.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Central Park
Explore Central Park, one of the largest city parks in the world and one of the most famous symbols of New York. Let’s have a look at its main sights.
Central Park is New York’s largest city park and one of the biggest in the world, with an area of 843 acres (about 3.4km2). This park is home to man-made lakes, waterfalls, grass and wooded areas. You will also find the Central Park Zoo, among other attractions in this greenspace of New York.
Besides being the city’s primary green lungs, Central Park is also a favorite spot for many New Yorkers. It is perfect for sunbathing, going for walks, or doing any outdoor sports. Something that we found curious is seeing so many people running with their babies in prams (婴儿车).
On Foot or by Bicycle
To get to know some of the wildest parts of Central Park we suggest walking. However, to get a general feel for the whole park, the best thing to do is hire a bicycle and enjoy the scenery.
If you decide to hire a bike, you will find lots of bike rental stores around Central Park that are not very expensive.
Open Time
From 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. on weekends.
From 6 am. to 8:30 p.m. on weekdays.
Price
Entry to the Park is free. But if you visit some parts like Central Park Zoo, you need to buy a ticket.
Transport
Subway: Line 5, 6, 7, A, B, C and D．
Bus: Line M1, M2, M3, M4 and M10.
Nearby places
Metropolitan Museum of Art (447 m)
Guggenheim Museum (564 m)
American Museum of Natural History (688 m)
Whitney Museum of American Art (1 km)
The Frick Collection (1.3 km)
1. What can we learn about the Central Park from the text
A. It is home to lakes and waterfalls.
B. It is perfect for doing outdoor sports.
C. It is the largest city park in the world.
D. It is the most famous symbol of New York.
2. Which one of the following things is free
A. Hiring a bicycle. B. Entrance to Central Park.
C. Visiting Central Park Zoo. D. Going to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3. Where can we find this text
A. In a science report. B. In a geography book.
C. In a fashion magazine. D. In a travel guide.
B
In Scotland, 600,000 tonnes of food are thrown away every year. This amount of food, which could feed about 1.2 billion poor people, is almost a third of household (家庭的) waste. And food waste isn’t just a big problem in Scotland.
Money, time, and resources are often wasted by throwing away good food. It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas, which is perilous to the planet.
In the production stage, some foods do not enter the food chain for many reasons. Supermarkets usually care about the quality of food from farms. They often refuse strange-looking and unusually sized produce. However, they seem to forget that it is almost impossible to grow the perfect produce. Food waste at the consumption (消费) stage includes food going out of date and leftovers (剩饭) because of too much food. In households, even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.
In order to reduce food waste, here is what we can do:
Understand the terms “use by” and “best before” dates. “Use by” dates are there for your safety. It is dangerous to eat food after the use-by date and doing so risks your health. “Best before” dates tell you how long the food will be at its best quality. Once the food passes the date, it isn’t necessarily bad, but you should still check, just to be sure.
Every time you go shopping and bring back new food, put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire (到期) soon closer to the front. That way, you know what needs to be eaten first.
If you have any food that will expire soon, give it to charity if you aren’t going to eat it. They will really appreciate the food you have given.
4. What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A. Food waste is the biggest part of household waste.
B. Household waste hasn’t drawn much attention.
C. People in Scotland waste the most food.
D. Food waste is a common problem.
5. What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Valuable. B. Dangerous. C. Different. D. Unnecessary.
6. What should people do to reduce food waste according to the text
A. Pick usually sized produce.
B. Improve the quality of farm produce.
C. Order produce directly from farmers.
D. Avoid buying too much food at a time.
7. What advice does the author offer to people
A. Buy food that will expire soon to reduce waste.
B. Place food carefully according to its expiry date.
C. Throw away food that passes the best-before date.
D. Give food that has passed its use-by date to charity.
C
A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that humans can’t do. Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater explorers, too.
OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater world in full color. The back of the robot has computers and eight multidirectional thrusters (推进器) that help it carefully explore the sites of fragile shipwrecks. When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance.
The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beyond the normal range for divers. While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet, researchers had a new goal:1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed the robot’s body by using special foam to increase buoyancy (浮力) and fight the pressures of 1, 000 meters more than 100 times what humans experience at sea level. OceanOneK also got two new types of hands and increased arm and head motion.
During OceanOneK’s deep dive in February, team members discovered the robot couldn’t rise when they stopped for a thruster check. Flotations on the communications and power line had collapsed, causing the line to pile on the top of the robot.
OceanOneK’s descent was a success. It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads, “A robot’s first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a professor, called the experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth, interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” he said.
8. What can we learn about OceanOneK
A. Its eyes are colorful.
B. It functions automatically.
C. It looks like its operator from the front.
D. It is remotely controlled to explore underwater.
9. How does the author develop the third paragraph
A. By listing data. B. By raising questions.
C. By reasoning and analyzing. D. By presenting an argument.
10. What does the underlined words “descent” mean in the last paragraph
A. Successful operation. B. Deep diving.
C. Pressure resistance. D. Flexible exploration.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. A Creative Explorer B. The Ambitious Exploration
C. A Self-driven Seeker — A Robot D. A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK
D
Marilu Arce loves her job, but for a time she considered leaving. The traffic-plagued commute from her home to her office, nearly two hours each way, meant her daughters couldn’t enroll in after school activities because she couldn’t get home in time to take them.
Then her employer adopted a policy permitting her to work from home two days a week, and “I feel like it changed my life,” she said. Her stress level has dropped. Her daughters are thrilled. She likes her job more. That’s the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention. So far, it seems to be working: turnover was less than five percent last year—its lowest ever.
Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been offering them. Studies have shown working remotely increases employee engagement, but in moderation because there is still value in the relationships nurtured when colleagues are face to face. The key, advocates of flexible work policies say, is to match the environment with the type of work that needs to be done.
The flexibility hasn’t hurt productivity, which is up 50 percent. There is “something lost” when colleagues don’t gather at the water cooler, but it’s outweighed by the retention and happiness gains, he said. As jobs that require physical work decline, thanks to technological advances, life superficially appears to get better. Consumers benefit in the form of cheaper prices. Labor-saving appliances all make things easier and suggest that even more and better benefits are on the horizon. But is something lost
Talk long enough to the most accomplished academics, they will brag about a long-ago college summer job waiting tables or repairing hiking trails. They might praise the installer who redid their kitchen. There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need. Indeed, the more we have become immobile and urbanized, the more we tune in to watch reality television’s truckers, loggers, farmers, drillers and rail engineers. In a society that supposedly despises menial jobs, the television ratings for such programmes suggest that lots of Americans enjoy watching people of action, who work with their hands.
Physical work, in its eleventh hour within a rapidly changing Western culture, still intrigues us in part because it remains the foundation for 21st century complexity. Before any of us can teach, write or speculate, we must first have food, shelter and safety. And for a bit longer, that will require some people to cut grapes and nail two-by-sixes. No apps or 3D printers exist to produce brown rice. Physical labour also promotes human versatility: Those who do not do it, or who do not know how to do it, become divorced from—and, at the same time, dependent on—labourers. Lawyers, accountants and journalists living in houses with yards and driving cars to work thus count on a supporting infrastructure of electricians, landscapers and mechanics. In that context, physical labour can provide independence, at least in a limited sense of not being entirely reliant on a host of hired workers.
12. The author mentions the example of Arce to show that________.
A. she dislikes the present job for the long commuting time
B. she is having trouble balancing work and school life
C. people usually don’t work hard outside office
D. employers are facing the problem of staff drain
13 The practice of flexible working time is based on the belief that________.
A. it helps to increase job satisfaction for the employees
B. it improves harmonious relationship among colleagues
C. the decline in physical work gives employees more mobility
D. employees are entitled to request it according to their work
14. What is the possible reason for the popularity of hard-work reality-television programmes
A. They entertain those employees burned out with overwork.
B. People can learn some basic labour skills from these programmes.
C. There’s an ongoing need for physical labour skills that technology doesn’t possess.
D. They offer instructive information for both employers and employees.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. The Emergence of Alternative Work Arrangements
B. The Rise of Automation, the Decline in Need for Labour
C. Time to Rethink in the Face of the Evolution of Work
D. New Challenges for Today’s Employers and Academics
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Upside to Being Outside
Research shows that being in nature makes people feel good, whether they’re roughing it in the wilderness for days or just hanging out at a local park for a while. One study was conducted in the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers found that most participants’ mood and well-being improved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even though the average visit was only around half an hour.
____16____ For example, scientists in the United Kingdom studied the impact of the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged people to interact with nature for 30 days by enjoying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flowers. Participants were measurably happier and healthier throughout the challenge…and for months afterwards, too.____17____
How does nature boost people’s happiness Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shows our brains are more relaxed in natural settings.
To most people, it’s not news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have found that spending time in nature also has some more surprising benefits, like improving creativity and problem-solving. _____18_____ Another found that exposure to nature helped people score better on tests. That’s more proof that going outside is a smart move!
What accounts for the connection with cognition and creativity It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure to information overload. Everyday life involves a lot of multitasking. Some scientists theorize that spending time in nature enables our brains to rest and recover from mental tiredness. ____19____
Naturally, scientific studies don’t cover everything that’s great about the great outdoors. _____20_____ From recreation and exercise to happiness and creativity, there are lots of upsides to getting outside.
A. One study revealed that people were better at figuring out puzzles after a four-day camping trip.
B. According to many scientific studies, there’s a good chance it’ll make you happier, healthier, and more creative.
C. What’s more, the lift people get from nature is long lasting.
D. Lots of people enjoy fun activities outside, like swimming, riding bikes, or climbing trees.
E. When the only light you’ve seen all day is the glow of a screen, it might be a good idea to switch it off.
F. This means that whether you’re studying or playing video games, heading outside to give your brain a break might help you get to the next level.
G. So, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating your mind to a restful mini vacation.
第三部分 语言文字运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social ____21____ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will ____22____ in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to ____23____ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly ____24____ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food
In the laboratory, chimps don’t ____25____ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull ____26____ -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, ____27____, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this ____28____ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally ____29____ in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very _____30_____ age before most parents have started to train their children to behave _____31_____. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence _____32_____ in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the _____33_____ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can _____34_____ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) _____35_____goal.
21. A. structures B. responsibilities C. policies D. behaviors
22. A. conflict B. offend C. cooperate D. discuss
23. A. help B. contact C. divide D. trust
24. A. manage B. decline C. attempt D. force
25 A. curiously B. unwillingly C. naturally D. carelessly
26. A. in turn B. with care C. at random D. in advance
27. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand
28. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. attack D. attractiveness
29. A. educated B. possessed C. motivated D. stimulated
30. A. old B. young C. middle D. late
31. A. creatively B. formally C. competitively D. socially
32. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears
33. A. invisible B. abstract C. physical D. imaginary
34. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance
35. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 55分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said, “To a person nothing is ____36____(precious) than their life…” These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ____37____ carried her through a life of hard choices.
At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of ____38____(marry) like the majority of girls. At age 26, she was hired as ____39____ resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital ____40____(immediate) after she graduated. Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position ____41____ usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study abroad, where she ____42____(reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues. She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever ____43____(appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war. So she opened a private clinic to help the people in need and charged very low ____44____(fee) and often reduced costs for poor patients.
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, _____45_____(deliver) over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. “友善”是中华民族的传统美德，你校以“友善”为主题举办英语征文比赛,内容包括：
1. 日常生活中的友善行为；
2. 友善行为的意义或价值；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统美德traditional virtues
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第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
If you had to choose one word to describe Kevin it might have been “slow”. He didn’t learn his ABCs as fast as other kids. He never came in first in the schoolyard races. However, his smile was brighter than the sun in June; his heart was bigger than the mountain sky. Kevin’s enthusiasm for life was quite infectious.
When Kevin joined the boys’ school basketball team, basketball became the center of his life. At practice, he worked so hard that you’d think he was preparing for the NBA. He liked to stand in a certain place near the free-throw line and shoot at the basket. Patiently, he stood there throwing ball after ball after ball. “Look at me, Coach!” he’d shout at Randy, jumping up and down with the excitement of shooting.
Kevin and his whole team truly loved basketball. But just loving the game didn’t help them win. More balls fell out of the basket than into it, and the boys lost every game that season, except one—the night when it snowed and the other team couldn’t make it to the game.
It was a cold snowing afternoon when their last game came. As the last-place team, they played against the first-place team. The game went pretty much the same as expected, and near the middle of the fourth quarter Kevin’s team stood nearly 30 points behind.
At that point, one of Kevin’s teammates called time-out. As he came to the side, Randy couldn’t imagine why the time-out had been called. “Coach,” said the boy. “This is our last game and I know that Kevin has played in every game, but he’s never made a basket. I think we should let Kevin make a basket.” With the game completely out of reach, the idea seemed reasonable, so the plan was made. When they had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in his special place near the free-throw line.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His first shot bounced around but missed.
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Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly.
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听力答案：1-5BAAAB 6-10BCCAA 11-15BCBBC 16-20CABCB

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