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Unit 1 Food Matters
Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills 教学设计
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：理解并掌握过去完成时的用法；
能力目标：掌握过去完成时的规则；
情感目标：掌握过去完成时的意义和用法，并能运用过去完成时完成写作。
教学重难点
教学重点：理解并掌握过去完成时的用法
教学难点：掌握过去完成时的意义和用法，并能运用过去完成时完成写作
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：阅读第6页文章，完成下面表格。
... by then he had learned very little English.
... by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.
He used the same business strategy he had employed ...
学生活动：阅读并思考下列问题。
1) When and where was Joseph Pulitzer born
Joseph Pulitzer was born on April 10, 1847, in Hungary.
2) When did Joseph Pulitzer found the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch
In 1878.
3) In 1892, what did he offer Columbia University money to start
He offered Columbia University money to start a school of journalism.
4) When were the first Pulitzer Prizes awarded
Six years after Joseph Pulitzer's death.
二、While-class
学生活动：在教师的引导下，总结过去完成时的规则。
1.过去完成时的构成及用法
（1）构成：had +过去分词
（2）用法：
①表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的时间是“过去的过去”，这个过去的时刻常用由until，before，by，when 等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.
为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
By the end of the day we had sold over 2,000 tickets.
一天下来我们卖出了2000多张票。
She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to junior middle school.
在上初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。
②表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去，常同由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在公交车站等了30分钟，公交车终于来了。
She said she had made great progress since she came here.
她说自从来到这儿，她已经取得了很大的进步。
③want，hope，mean，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……”。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train.
我本希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。
They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time.
他们本来想要去帮忙，但未能及时赶到那里。
（3）常用过去完成时的固定句型：
①在“hardly ... when..”或“no sooner ... than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain. (= No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.)
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
注意：
hardly或 no sooner位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
Hardly had we sat down when the phone rang. =We had hardly sat down when the phone rang.
我们刚坐下电话就响了。
②在“It was the first/second/... time (that)...”句型中，从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time (that) I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
2.过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
（1）时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten o'clock yesterday.
他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。
They arrived at the station at ten o'clock yesterday.
他们昨天十点到达了车站。
（2）在没有明确的时间状语时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作则用一般过去时。
Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected, he examined the previous work again.
他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。
注意：
如果before引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。after引导的时间状语从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
John (had) left before I came home.
我回家之前约翰就离开了。
Jane went out to the park after she (had) read the paper.
简读完报纸就外出去公园了。
教师活动：讲解写作——如何描述事物的优缺点。并给出学生一些基本句型句式。
1.篇章结构
某人或某物的概况介绍
描述某人或某物的优缺点|具体介绍其优缺点
表达个人感受
2.常用表达
（1）首段常用表达
… has improved the quality of our lives and played an important role in our daily life.
Some people believe.., but others claim.. Both have their advantages and disadvantages.
There is a good side and a bad side to everything.
（2）描述优缺点的常用表达
On the positive side, … has enabled us to… On the negative side, …
The benefits... brings to us are far more than its disadvantages. However, it creates some problems as well.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent.
However, in some cases, there are some negative effects.
（3）尾段常用表达
In my opinion, the advantages of... are more than those of.…
Through the above analysis, I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/negative ones.
All in all, we can't live without.…… for the convenience it brings to us, but we should also be aware of the negative effects it creates on the modern life.
学生活动：播放音频，学生听完后完成B1。
(1) To learn about a specific topic from print newspapers or TV broadcasts, people would have to carefully ___________ or wait until a certain time of day, and by then the stories may have already ______________.
(2) According to one study, _____________ of online news readers regularly comment on articles.
(3) If people find an interesting online news article, they can quickly let their friends know by sending them __________ to the story or sharing it on _____________.
(4) A recent survey of ___________ found that ___________ trust print news more than online news.
答案：(1) check every page; developed further
(2) 38%/thirty-eight per cent
(3) a link; social media
(4) 300 people; 65%/sixty-five per cent
学生活动：再次听音频，完成B2。
答案：(1) much easier access (2) latest updates (3) news sites or apps (4) hand in hand
(5) reading habits (6) holding a physical newspaper
教师活动：根据听力内容，引导学生思考下列问题。
(1) How many advantages of online news media are mentioned in the interview
Two advantages are mentioned in the interview. First, online news media provides instantly updated news. Second, it makes it possible for people to share ideas or news information right away.
(2) What are the advantages of print news media
Print news media is often thought to be more trustworthy with more in-depth analysis. Besides, holding a physical newspaper may give some people a feeling of enjoyment.
三、After-class
学生活动：练习写作，小组评判并展示
假定你是李华，你发现很多同学都喜欢使用网络语言，请你给校报的英语栏写一封信反映这种现象。
内容如下：
1.介绍这种现象；
2.描述网络语言的优缺点；
3.表达你的看法。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：网络语言cyber-language
Dear Editor,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
四、Summary
重点语法：掌握过去完成时规则
写作讲解：掌握描述事物的优缺点写作方法
五、Homework
Completing after-school exercises.

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