资源简介

(共18张PPT)
Unit 4 The Old Man and the Sea
全文知识点对照讲解
牛津译林2020版 必修二
文学常识
2．《老人与海》是美国作家________于1951年在______(地点)写的一篇______小说。围绕一位老年渔夫__________，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。
普利策
诺贝尔
太阳照样升起
永别了，武器
海明威
古巴
中篇
桑地亚哥
1．1953年，海明威以《老人与海》一书获得________奖；1954年的《老人与海》又为海明威夺得________文学奖。2001年，海明威的《_____________》与《______________》两部作品被美国现代图书馆列入“20世纪中的100部最佳英文小说”中。
作者简介
海明威(1899～1961)，一向以文坛硬汉著称。生于乡村医生家庭，从小喜欢钓鱼、打猎、音乐和绘画，18岁起进入报界，曾参加过两次世界大战，出生入死以致伤痕遍体。1954年，他荣获“诺贝尔文学奖”。1961年，因不堪老年病痛的折磨，他开枪自杀，走完了他辉煌的一生。对海明威的评价，正如约翰·肯尼迪总统的唁电所说：“几乎没有哪个美国人比欧内斯特·海明威对美国人民的感情和态度产生过更大的影响。”他称海明威为“本世纪(20世纪)最伟大的作家之一”。
背景探源
《老人与海》这部小说是根据真人真事写的。第一次世界大战结束后，海明威移居古巴，认识了老渔民格雷戈里奥．富恩特斯。1930年，海明威乘的船在暴风雨中遇难，富恩特斯搭救了海明威。从此，海明威与富恩特斯结下了深厚的友谊，并经常一起出海捕鱼。
1936年，富恩特斯出海很远捕到了一条大鱼，但由于这条鱼太大，在海上拖了很长时间，结果在归程中被鲨鱼袭击，回来时只剩下了一副骨架。海明威在《老爷》杂志上发表了一篇通讯《在蓝色的海洋上》报道这件事。当时这件事就给了海明威很深的触动，并觉察到它是很好的小说素材，但却一直也没有机会动笔写它。
背景探源
1950年圣诞节后不久，海明威产生了极强的创作欲，在古巴哈瓦那郊区的别墅“观景社”，他开始动笔写《老人与海》(起初名为《现有的海》)。到1951年2月23日就完成了初稿，前后仅用了八周。4月份海明威把手稿送给去古巴访问他的友人们传阅，博得了一致的赞美。海明威本人也认为这是他“这一辈子所能写得最好的一部作品！”
Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961), an American writer of novels and short stories, is well thought of for his unique writing style. He is extremely（极其；非常） good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. The Old Man and the Sea, one of his most important novels, tells(讲述） the story of a fisherman named Santiago. After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.
be well/highly thought of (for …) (因为...)被高度评价
empty-handed 一无所获；空手
attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
lines 1-5
1.Ernest Hemingway, an American writer of novels and short stories, is well thought of for his unique writing style. (Lines 1-2)
think of 想起；认为, 评价；想出；关心
I really can't think of her name.
What do you think of his speech
Who thought of the idea
Lei Feng was always thinking of others.
be well thought of (for …)
(因为...)被高度评价
The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving. The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer. For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he straightened himself and began another circle.
“I moved him,” the old man said. “I moved him then.
pull on 拉扯
turn a little on his side 稍微侧身
lines 6-11
good-looking 好看的
plain-looking 相貌平平的；其貌不扬的
挺直身子
这条鱼正在打着转靠近
接着它正了正身子，又开始转圈
那时；刚刚
He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. I moved him, he thought. Maybe this time I can get him over. Pull, hands, he thought. Hold up（支撑住）, legs. Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went. This time I’ll pull him over.
get/pull...over 把...弄过来
But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.
put all of one’s effort on 尽全力
make every effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
lines 12-18
feel faint 感到头晕
hold on 抓住；抓紧
用劲；使力；压力；拉力
但是，大鱼还不曾游到船边，他便使尽平生力气，拼命拉扯，大鱼被拉歪一点点，不久又浮正，游开。
strengthen oneself
2. He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. (line 12)
strain n. & v.
What is the breaking strain of this cable
Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.
Reading in a bad light will strain your eyes.
strained adj.
1 unnatural, forced and artificial; not easy or relaxed
a strained laugh / strained relations
2 overtired and anxious
She looked very strained when I last saw her.
拉力，压力，张力（断裂应变力）
损伤，拉伤
勉强的、紧张的
神色不宁的，憔悴的
3. Pull, hands, he thought. Hold up, legs. Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went. This time I'll pull him over. (lines 13-15)
海明威倾向于用英语中最核心、最普通的词汇，也擅长对人物进行深刻的心理剖析，并善于运用简短朴实的语言和重复的写作手法，让人物内心世界得到充分体现，从而增强作品的感染力，这段文字体现了他__________ 风格语言特色。
电报
You never went.
My hearing is starting to go.
go 在这里是什么意思？
变坏，损坏，不起作用
4. ... the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away (lines 17-18)
part away 半途，部分地
______________________________ when she arrived.
她到达的时候会议已经进行了一段时间了。
They were part way through the meeting
right v. 使...回到正常位置，把...扶正
At last, the plane ________________ (恢复了平稳), and everyone was safe and sound.
righted itself
“Fish,” the old man said. “Fish, you are going to have to die anyway. Do you have to kill me too ”
That way nothing is accomplished（完成）, he thought. His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now. I must get him alongside this time, he thought. I am not good for many more turns. Yes you are, he told himself. You’re good for ever.
reach for：伸手去拿
for ever= forever= for all time 永远
for good 永久地；一劳永逸的
lines 19-24
无论如何；不管怎么样
他再转几圈，我就不行了
不，你行，他告诉自己。你永远都行。
On the next turn, he nearly had him. But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.
You are killing me, fish, the old man thought. But you have a right to. Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, e on and kill me. I do not care who kills who.
have a right to do sth. 有权利做某事
noble: 贵族的；高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
lines 25-29
在接下来的一圈，他差点就把它拉过来了。但是这条鱼又正了正身子，慢慢游走了。
老兄
Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. You must keep your head clear. Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man. Or a fish, he thought.
“Clear up, head,” he said in a voice （that/which) he could hardly hear. “Clear up.” Twice more it was the same on the turns. Clear up 清醒起来
I do not know, the old man thought. He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time. I do not know. But I will try it once more.
be on the point of doing sth. when....正要做某事，突然...
be about to do sth. when...
feel oneself go 感觉自己快不行了 go 是die 的委婉说法
lines 30-36
confused: 糊涂的；困惑的；不清楚的；混乱的 confuse v. confusing adj.
get confused 变糊涂，变迷糊
你必须保持头脑清醒，要像条汉子懂得怎么受苦。或者像条鱼，他想。
那鱼跟之前一样，又转了两圈
He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish. The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving（迂回穿行，编） in the air.
I’ll try it again, the old man promised, although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.
He tried it again and it was the same. So he thought, and he felt himself going before he started; I will try it once again.
lines 37-42
他又试了一次，当他把鱼拉转过来时，他感觉自己快不行了
鱼正正身子，又慢慢游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去
糊状的，软而稠的
闪光，闪现
老人答应自己，尽管他的双手这时已经软弱无力，而且大部分时间双眼都看不清
合作讨论
请深入体会课文形象，思考：“大海”“鲨鱼”象征了什么？
我的见解：
“大海”“鲨鱼”象征着与人类作对的自然的力量。“大海”是环境力量的象征，“鲨鱼”是邪恶力量的象征。老人与“大海”“鲨鱼”的搏斗象征了人类和自然、命运以及外在邪恶力量的抗争。

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