人教版(2019)必修第一册 Welcome unit Discovering useful structures教案(无答案)

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人教版(2019)必修第一册 Welcome unit Discovering useful structures教案(无答案)

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Welcome unit
Period 4 Discovering useful structures
---Analyse basic sentence structures
Learning Objectives:
1. Be able to understand and analyse basic sentence structures.
2. Be able to use the basic sentence structures to make sentences.
Learning Activities:
Grammar: basic sentence structures
Ⅰ. 句子成分
句子表达一个完整的意思,是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分,每个部分在句中具有一定的功能,称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。
1.主语(subject)
主语是一句话的主体,表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前,通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。
◆TV news often gives us lots of information.
电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。( )
◆Something is wrong with my computer.
我的电脑坏了。( )
2.谓语(predicate)
谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或者怎么样。谓语位于主语之后,由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语,无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下,都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
(1)简单谓语:由实义动词或实义动词短语构成。
(2)复合谓语:
① 由“情态动词、be动词或其他助动词+动词原形或动词的其他形式”构成。
② 由系动词加表语构成。
◆He practises running every morning.( )
他每天早晨锻炼跑步。
◆Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.( )
上海发生了巨大的变化。
3.表语(predicative)
  表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、动名词及短语、副词、介词短语、从句等充当。
◆My favorite attraction is the Great Wall.
我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。( )
◆English is both useful and important.
英语有用且很重要。( )
◆The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。( )
4.宾语(object)
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象,或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
宾语种类:
双宾语:间接宾语+直接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指承受动词所表示行为的人。间接宾语一般置于直接宾语之前。
复合宾语:宾语+宾语补足语
Eg: Lend me your book, please.
We elected him monitor.
◆The children are flying kites.
孩子们正在放风筝。( )
◆Call me any time.
请随时打电话给我。( )
◆I decide to pick up a new foreign language.
我决定学一门新的外语。( )
5.宾补(object complement)
有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整,还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。
◆We have decided to paint the room pink.
我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。( )
◆The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。( )
◆I heard the telephone ringing.
我听见电话铃正在响。( )
6.定语(attributive)
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。
◆These are apple trees.
这些是苹果树。( )
◆There is nothing to do today.
今天没有事要做。( )
◆The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。( )
7.状语(adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。
◆I’m very pleased to see you.
见到你我非常高兴。( )
◆I’ll be back in a while.
我一会儿就回来。( )
◆When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
她12岁的那一年开始居住于大连。( )
8.同位语(appositive)
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。
◆We students should study hard.
我们学生应该努力学习。 ( )
◆Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow.
王教授,一位著名的科学家,明天将给我们做报告。 ( )
写出下列句子中的画线部分充当什么成分
1.The question is that_no_one_knows_the_location_of_the_new_hospital.( )
2.To_be_or_not_to_be is a question. ( )
3.His confidence enabled him to_finish_the_task_successfully. ( )
4.The class teacher had us clean_the_classroom yesterday. ( )
5.Is he the man who_wants_to_see_you? ( )
6.This book gives me some idea on how_to_make_friends.( )
7.I feel it our duty to_serve_the_people_heart_and_soul.( )
8.What_you_explained_just_now didn’t satisfy me. ( )
9.We must get together again some_day. ( )
10.If_I_am_not_busy_tomorrow,_I will play football with you.( )
Ⅱ. 八大基本句型
英语句子的基本结构可归纳为八种基本句式,在此基础上扩大、组合、省略和倒装。掌握这八个基本句式是掌握英语句子结构的基础。
1.主语+谓语(S+V)
这种句型中的动词是不及物动词。所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的不及物动词有:work, jump, arrive, come, disappear, cry, happen, die等。
And outside too!
2.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句来充当。
.
.
3.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
该句式侧重说明主语的特征、身份等,谓语动词需用系动词,表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。
常见的由行为动词转化成的系动词
(1)表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear等。
(2)表转变、变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延续的动词:remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
(4)表瞬间的动词:come, fall等。
.
them.
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
有些谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;另一个指物,为直接宾语。
常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词
(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。
(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语来表示。
At the same time, .
.
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
该句型中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语不能表示完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分说明宾语,才能使其意思完整。宾语补足语也有许多形式,如名词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
for a visit to the nearby nursing home .
.
6.主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)
在很多情形中,作谓语的不及物动词后面跟上状语意思才完整。
.
.
7.主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)
有些及物动词作谓语时,加上宾语意思仍然不完整,需要加上状语意思才能完整。
.
.
Task 1 Finish Activity 1 on P16 of the textbook to study the sentence structures.
Task 2 Finish Activity 2&3 on P16 of the textbook to analyze the sentence structures.
My doubts:____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Help I want: ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Optional exercise & homework:
题组1 写出下列句子的基本句型。
①S+Vi ②S+Vt+O ③S+Link.V+P ④S+Vt+IO+DO ⑤S+Vt+O+C
⑥S+Vi+Ad ⑦S+Vt+O+Ad ⑧There be...
1.Time flies. ___________________________________
2.He enjoys reading. ___________________________________
3.The sun keeps us warm. ___________________________________
4.The dinner smells good. ___________________________________
5.The red sun rises in the east. ___________________________________
6.There are 45 students in our class.___________________________________
7.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.___________________________________
8.I want to have a cup of tea very much.___________________________________
9.Would you please pass me the dictionary ___________________________________
10.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.___________________________________
题组2 写出下列句中黑体部分的成分
1.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.
2.A farmer told us how to pick oranges.
3.The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.
4.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon.
5.I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.
6.What you said just now didn’t make me happy.
7.We must get together again some day.
8.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
9.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.
10.There is a table in the room.
题组3根据提示完成句子。
1.在这场演讲比赛中,这个小男孩似乎很自信。
The little boy_________ _____________in the speech contest.(SP)
2.她正期待着她的生日礼物。
She_______ ___________ ___________ _______ her birthday present.(SVO)
3.当我看见他时,我发现他正在听讲座。(attend)
When I saw him, I_______ ______ ___________ _________ ___________.(SVOC)
4,他总是在课堂上聚精会神地记笔记。
He is always _________ ___________ ___________ ____________in class.(SVOA)
5.他的音乐梦想已经实现了。His music dream has_________ __________.(SV)
6.三年前,有一个机构被建立以帮助穷人。(There be...)
_______ ______ _____ _______________set up to help the poor people three years ago.
7.交通信号灯在我前面闪烁。
The traffic lights_________ ______ ___________ ________me.(SVA)
8他把伞递给我,回到车里,把车窗摇了上去。
He________ _________ ________ ________, went back into the car,and rolled up the window. (SV IO DO) (读后续写一动作描写)
我对他的第一印象,认为他是一个善良且体贴的年轻人。(SP)
My_________ _____________of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
我一点也不感到尴尬和害怕。
I didn’t _______ _____________ ______ ____________ at all.(SP)

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