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Unit 1 Wise men in history
单元话题短文首字母填空练习
（2022秋·广东广州·九年级广州市第六十五中学校考阶段练习）语篇填词
Welcome to Great minds. Today we are going to talk about three famous people in history.
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, and died in the US in 1955. He is c 1 to be the greatest scientist of the 20th century. His t 2 explain the way the universe works. In many photographs, you can see his smiling face.
William Shakespeare lived about 400 years ago. D 3 his life, he wrote around 39 plays as well as hundreds of poems. He’s the most popular writer in the English language. One of his most famous plays is called Romeo and Juliet.
Confucius lived over 2,000 years ago in China. He was a teacher and p 4 . He spent much of his life t 5 and meeting many different people. He is remembered for his wise saying. They were written down by his students.
（2022秋·广东广州·八年级统考期末）根据语篇意思以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答题卡时, 要求写出完整单词。
Long long ago, there was a boy called Cao Chong. He was the youngest s 6 of Cao Cao. He was smart. Once, one of Cao Cao’s friends sent him a big elephant. Cao Cao was very g 7 to have this big elephant. He wanted to find out how heavy the big elephant was, but nobody could think of a good way 8 Cao Chong. Cao Chong asked a man to take the elephant into a boat and then he marked a line where the water went up. After that, the man took the elephant out of the boat. Cao Chong asked other persons to put some stones into the boat i 9 of the elephant. When the water went up to the marked line, he told them to weigh all the stones. In the end, Cao Chong s 10 in finding out how heavy the elephant was. All of Cao Cao’s friends spoke highly of Cao Chong.
（2023春·广东广州·九年级校考期中）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Hua Mulan was a great woman in a famous Chinese poem. When the war came, Mulan’s father was ordered to fight for his country. However, he was in bad h 11 . He was too old and too weak. Mulan was very worried. She had no brother. So, she dressed up as a man and joined the army i 12 of her father. Under Mulan’s leadership, her army stopped the enemy soldiers outside the country over and over again. To reward her, the king gave her a big prize, but she refused because she only hoped to live a s 13 life with her family. When she returned to be a woman, her soldiers finally knew the truth. In 1998, Disney Company produced a c 14 on Mulan’s story. When it hit the theatre, it a 15 millions of audiences.
（2023春·广东广州·九年级执信中学校考阶段练习）阅读短文，根据篇章意义及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空限填一词）
Who “discovered” America And who first successfully s 16 around the world in history Well, our textbooks have the answers: they are Italian sailor Christopher Columbus and Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
However, China’s great explorer Zheng He may well have beaten them. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng went on seven trips to visit the “W 17 Seas”. Besides d 18 trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. Although most of the records of Zheng’s voyages have been lost, many people still believe Zheng’s a 19 have been underestimated（低估）. It is said that Zheng even found the Cape of Good Hope 57 years e 20 than the Europeans!
（2023·广东广州·广州市育才中学校考二模）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Su Shi is one of the most popular ancient writers. He was good at almost all kinds of writings and art. When he was young, he p 21 a series of examinations and became an official. Sadly, Su was punished to serve in faraway areas. But he didn’t lose courage.
First, he went to Huangzhou. There, he tried to e 22 life in the countryside. Though life was hard, he had a good time. He farmed a piece of land which he called “Dongpo (the east slope)”. This is why people call him “Dongpo”. It’s said that he also invented Dongpo Pork, a famous d 23 Chinese dish. Many of his best poems were written there, too, including “Tune: Calming the Waves”. Its line “Impervious to wind, rain or shine, I’ll have my will”, showed that he was a person who always looked on the b 24 side. He finished building Su Causeway on the West Lake.
Then, he worked in Danzhou, today’s Hainan. At the beginning, he couldn’t get used to the hot, wet w 25 . He also couldn’t understand the local language. Instead of getting sad, he set up schools and many people travelled far away to visit him.
（2022·江苏·九年级专题练习）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文内容完整、正确。
Yue Fei was a hero who lived during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). As a general (将军), he led his army to w 26 many battles. In 1125, the Jin army from the north invaded (侵略) the Song kingdom and tried to take control of its central lands. Yue decided to fight the e 27 .
Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great difficulty, what do you plan to do ”
“Serve the country with utmost loyalty (精忠报国),” Yue said.
That was what his mother hoped her son would do. She decided to tattoo (给……纹身) the words onto her son’s back so he would not e 28 forget them.
His mother asked, “My child, tattoos are quite p 29 , are you afraid ”
Yue said, “Mother, a little needle (针) is nothing. If I was afraid of a needle, how could I face going to war on the front lines ”
Keeping these words in mind, Yue defeated the Jin army many times. Sadly, Yue was later framed (陷害) by Qin Hui and was k 30 . But his spirit was passed on to later generations.
（2021·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 31 papermaking. This zhi was made o 32 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 33 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.
He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 34 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 35 Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）. Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
（2023·江苏徐州·统考一模）In fact, there was takeout(外卖) as far back as the Song Dynasty (960-1279). According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong (1127-1194) liked e 36 takeout late at night.
Ordinary(普通的) people could also order takeout for themselves. In the f 37 Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival《清明上河图》), a takeout worker can be seen doing a delivery with food in h 38 .
People at that time even had special meal boxes for takeout dishes. They were m 39 of two layers(层) of porcelain(瓷). Hot water could be put b 40 them to keep dishes warm.
参考答案：
1．(c)onsidered 2．(t)heories 3．(D)uring 4．(p)olitician 5．(t)ravelling
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了历史上的三位名人，阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦、威廉 莎士比亚和孔子。
1．句意：他被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学家。结合语境和首字母“c”可知，此处应该用consider“认为”，动词，在句中作谓语，主语“He”和consider构成动宾关系，应用被动语态，其构成为“be+过去分词”。故填(c)onsidered。
2．句意：他的理论解释了宇宙的运行方式。结合语境和首字母“t”可知，此处应用theory“理论”，可数名词，谓语动词“explain”没用第三人称单数，所以此处theory用复数形式。故填(t)heories。
3．句意：在他的一生中，他写了大约39部戏剧和数百首诗歌。根据空后的“his life”，结合语境和首字母“D”可知，此处应用During“在……期间”。故填(D)uring。
4．句意：他是一位教师和政治家。结合语境和首字母“p”，以及我们对孔子的了解，可知他是一位政治家。politician“政治家”。故填(p)olitician。
5．句意：他一生的大部分时间都在旅行，结识了许多不同的人。根据后面的“meeting many different people.”，结合首字母可知，此处应用“travel”；根据前面的“spent”可知，此处考查“spend+时间+doing sth.”。故填(t)ravelling。
6．(s)on 7．(g)lad 8．(e)xcept 9．(i)nstead 10．(s)ucceeded
【分析】本文讲了历史上著名的故事“曹冲称象”。
6．句意：他是曹操最小的儿子。根据首字母s和常识，可知曹冲是曹操的小儿子，son“儿子”，此处用名词单数。故填(s)on。
7．句意：有了这头大象，曹操非常高兴。空处应为形容词作表语，结合首字母g和语境可知这里应是glad表示“开心的”。故填(g)lad。
8．句意：他想知道大象有多重，但是除了曹冲，没有人能想出一个好办法。根据“nobody could think of a good way（没有人能想出一个好办法）”可知，曹冲称出了大象的重量，应是排除在外的，因此空处应为except, 表示“除了”。故填(e)xcept。
9．句意：曹冲让其他人把一些石头放在船上代替大象。结合首字母i和语境可知朝船里放一些石头的目的是为了代替大象，因此空处应为instead；短语instead of表示“代替”，后跟名词。故填(i)nstead。
10．句意：最后，曹冲成功地找出了大象的重量。结合首字母s和语境可知曹冲称出大象的重量。因此空处应为succeed。在句中作谓语。短语succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”；句子为一般过去时，因此空处应为过去式。故填(s)ucceeded。
11．(h)ealth 12．(i)nstead 13．(s)imple 14．(c)artoon 15．(a)ttracted
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了花木兰替父从军的故事，迪士尼将花木兰的故事拍成了一部动画片，吸引了很多观众。
11．句意：然而，他的健康状况不佳。根据“However, he was in bad h...He was too old and too weak.”可知，花木兰的父亲老了很虚弱，身体健康状态不好，be in bad health“健康状况不佳”。故填(h)ealth。
12．句意：所以，她打扮成男人代替她父亲去参军。根据“she dressed up as a man and joined the army i...of her father.”可知，花木兰打扮成了一个男人，加入了军队，可推测是代父从军，此处是介词短语instead of“代替”。故填(i)nstead。
13．句意：为了奖励她，国王给了她一大笔奖金，但她拒绝了，因为她只想和家人过简单的生活。根据“but she refused because she only hoped to live a s...life with her family. When she returned to be a woman...”可知，花木兰拒绝了奖金，变回了女子，可推测花木兰只想过简单的生活，形容词simple“简单的”，作定语修饰名词life。故填(s)imple。
14．句意：1998年，迪士尼公司制作了一部关于花木兰故事的动画片。根据“Disney Company produced a c...on Mulan’s story. When it hit the theatre...”可知，迪士尼公司制作好之后，在影院上映，可推测这是一部关于花木兰故事的动画片，cartoon“动画片”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式。故填(c)artoon。
15．句意：当它在剧院上映时，吸引了数百万观众。根据“When it hit the theatre, it a...millions of audiences.”可推测，这部动画片很成功，此处应是吸引了数百万观众，动词attract“吸引”，在句中作谓语，根据“When it hit the theatre”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(a)ttracted。
16．(s)ailed 17．(W)estern 18．(d)eveloping 19．(a)chievements 20．(e)arlier
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探究了究竟是谁最先发现的美洲。
16．句意：历史上第一个成功环球航行的人是谁？根据“they are Italian sailor...”可知是环球航行。sail“航行”，动词。本句是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填(s)ailed。
17．句意：从1405年到1433年，郑和七次下西洋。根据“From 1405 to 1433, Zheng went on seven trips to visit the ‘W...Seas’. ”和首字母可知此处是郑和下西洋。western“西部的”，修饰其后名词。故填(W)estern。
18．句意：除了发展贸易，航海还促进了文化和技术的交流。根据“Besides d...trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies.”可知此处是指航海发展了贸易。develop“发展”，动词；介词Besides后跟动名词作宾语。故填(d)eveloping。
19．句意：虽然郑和下西洋的大部分记录都已失传，但许多人仍然认为郑和的成就被低估了。根据“most of the records of Zheng’s voyages have been lost,”可知郑和下西洋是有很多成就。 achievement“成就”，空处需用复数形式。故填(a)chievements。
20．句意：据说郑和甚至比欧洲人早57年发现好望角！根据“It is said that Zheng even found the Cape of Good Hope 57 years e...than the Europeans!”可知郑和比欧洲人更早发现好望角。early“早”；结合than可知，空处需用比较级。故填(e)arlier。
21．(p)assed 22．(e)xperience 23．(d)elicious 24．(b)etter 25．(w)eather
【分析】本文主要介绍了中国古代最受欢迎的作家之一苏轼的事迹。
21．句意：当他年轻的时候，他通过了一系列的考试，成为了一个官员。根据“a series of examinations and became an official”可知要成为官员需要通过一系列考试，pass“通过”，根据“became”可知用一般过去时，pass的过去式为passed。故填(p)assed。
22．句意：在那里，他试图体验农村生活。根据“He farmed a piece of land”可知是体验农村生活，experience“体验”，try to do sth.“试图做某事”。故填(e)xperience。
23．句意：据说他还发明了一道著名的美味中国菜——东坡肉。根据“Chinese dish”可推出是美味的中国菜，delicious“美味的”，形容词作定语。故填(d)elicious。
24．句意：它的词句“也无风雨也无晴”，表明他是一个总是看到好的一面的人。根据“Impervious to wind, rain or shine, I’ll have my will”可知意愿不受风雨或晴天的影响，应是总是看向更好的一面，better“更好的”，形容词比较级作定语。故填(b)etter。
25．句意：一开始，他不能适应炎热潮湿的天气。根据“the hot, wet w...”可知此处指海南的湿热天气，weather“天气”，不可数名词。故填(w)eather。
26．(w)in 27．(e)nemy 28．(e)asily 29．(p)ainful 30．(k)illed
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了岳飞。
26．句意：作为一名将军，他率领军队赢得了许多战役。根据“he led his army to w...many battles”可知，他率领军队赢得了许多战役，win“赢得”，用于不定式结构中，使用动词原形。故填(w)in。
27．句意：岳飞决定与敌军作战。根据“the Jin army from the north invaded the Song kingdom and tried to take control of its central lands”可知，北方的金军入侵宋朝，试图控制其中部的土地，所以岳飞决定率军与敌军作战，enemy“敌军”，此处强调整体，使用名词单数形式。故填(e)nemy。
28．句意：她决定把这些字纹在儿子的背上，这样他就不会轻易忘记了。根据“She decided to tattoo the words onto her son’s back”可知，母亲希望岳飞谨记“精忠报国”，所以给他刺字，这样就不会轻易忘记，easily“容易地”，在句中修饰动词。故填(e)asily。
29．句意：孩子，纹身很痛，你怕吗？根据“tattoos are quite p..., are you afraid ”和常识可知，纹身会疼，painful“疼痛的”，在句中作表语。故填(p)ainful。
30．句意：不幸的是，岳飞后来被秦桧陷害而死。根据“Yue was later framed (陷害) by Qin Hui and was k...”和常识可知，岳飞被秦桧害死，kill“杀死”，此处用于被动语态中，使用动词过去分词形式。故填(k)illed。
31．(i)nvented 32．(o)f 33．(a)fford 34．(k)inds 35．(t)raditional
【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了纸的发展历史。2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。1900年前，蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。后来，中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，并由丝绸之路传播到西方。
31．句意：2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。根据上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese invention.”结合“2, 000 years ago, Chinese people … papermaking.”及首字母提示，可知2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。invent“发明”，动词，句子时态是一般过去时，故填(i)nvented。
32．句意：这种纸是用丝绸制成的，非常昂贵。根据“This zhi was made … silk and was very expensive.”结合首字母提示，可知此处考查固定词组be made of“由……制成”，故填(o)f。
33．句意：只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用。根据上文“was very expensive.”结合“Only the emperor and rich people could … to use it.”及首字母提示，可知纸非常昂贵，只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用，afford“买得起、负担得起”，动词，前面有情态动词could，因此这里用动词原形，故填(a)fford。
34．句意：中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸。根据“and many different … of zhi were made by Chinese people.”结合语境及首字母提示，可知中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，different kinds of “不同种类的”，故填(k)inds。
35．句意：宣纸是一种高质量的蒲草纸，最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据“Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper,”结合“best shows the charm of … Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示，可知宣纸最能体现中国传统书画的魅力，“传统的”traditional ，形容词，符合题意，故填(t)raditional。
36．(e)ating 37．(f)amous 38．(h)and 39．(m)ade 40．(b)etween
【分析】本文主要介绍了古时候人们也吃外卖。
36．句意：根据历史书记载，孝宗皇帝喜欢在深夜吃外卖。根据首字母及语境可知此处是指“吃外卖”，like doing sth“喜欢做某事”，eat“吃”。故填(e)ating。
37．句意：在宋代著名的《清明上河图》中。根据“In the ... Song Dynasty painting”可知此处要用形容词修饰后面的名词，《清明上河图》是很著名的画作，famous“著名的”。故填(f)amous。
38．句意：可以看到一名外卖员手拿食物坐在送餐车上。根据“a takeout worker can be seen doing a delivery with food in ...”及首字母可知此处是指外卖员手里拿着食物，hand“手”。故填(h)and。
39．句意：他们是由两层瓷制作而成。根据“They were ... of two layers of porcelain.”及首字母可知，此处是指外卖盒是由瓷制作的，be made of“由……制作而成”。故填(m)ade。
40．句意：热水可以放在两层之间来给饭菜保暖。根据“Hot water could be put ... them to keep dishes warm.”及首字母可知此处指放在两层之间，between“在……之间”。故填(b)etween。

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