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A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”．The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace1 to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist2 and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals. He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples3 of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these，he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved4 as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea，but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
When the Beagle reached the Gal?pagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches5 on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
Darwin suspected6 that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time，it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution7. Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
(选自外研版新教材选择性必修第一册 Unit 5)
1.disgrace /d s'ɡre s/ n．丢脸，耻辱
2.geologist /d i' l d st/ n．地质学者；地质学家
3.sample /'sɑ mp( )l/ n．样品；样本
4.evolve / 'v lv/ v．进化
5.finch /f nt / n．雀科鸣禽
6.suspect /s 'spekt/ v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
7.evolution / i v 'lu ( )n/ n．进化(论)
Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)
1．crucial　　　 A．connected with education，especially studying in schools and universities
2．academic 　　 B．accept that sth is true; publicly express thanks for help you have been given
3．distinct 　　 C．remove or obtain a substance from sth，for example by using an industrial
or a chemical process
4．acknowledge D．a type of solid，liquid or gas that has particular qualities
5．analyse 　　 E．extremely important，because it will affect other things
6．substance 　　F．examine the nature or structure of sth，especially by separating it into its
parts to understand or explain it
7．extract 　　　G．easily or clearly heard，seen，felt，etc.；clearly different
答案　1.E　2.A　3.G　4.B 　5.F　6.D　7.C
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.Apparently，only if we commit ourselves to our learning can we succeed at last.
2．This kind of carpet is designed to stand up to a great deal of wear and tear.
3．He insisted on analysing the difficult problem in his own way，even if we didn’t think it was logical.
Activity 1　Fast-reading for main ideas
1．Match the main ideas with each paragraph.
(1)Para.1　A．the discovery of artemisinin
(2)Para.2 B．the self-assessment of her achievement
(3)Para.3 C．Tu Youyou winning the Nobel Prize for discovering artemisinin
(4)Para.4 D．the brief introduction of Tu Youyou and her research
答案　(1)C　(2)D　(3)A　(4)B
2．What does the passage mainly talk about
It mainly talks about Tu Youyou’s achievement and her way to find out the artemisinin which saves lots of people worldwide.
Activity 2　Careful-reading for details
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Why is the discovery of artemisinin so important
Please locate the numbers and the related verbs in this paragraph.
答案　Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people.It is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
2．What do the numbers suggest
答案　These figures suggest how big a problem malaria is and the great significance of the discovery.
3．Find two adjectives describing the discovery of artemisinin.
答案　Crucial，vital.
Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－3 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What order are the two paragraphs written in
A．Time. B．Places. C．Feelings.
答案　A
2．Put the following sentences in the correct order.
(　3　)They tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.
(　5　)They used a lower temperature to draw out sweet wormwood extract.
(　1　)Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts，and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
(　7　)They tested the medicine on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.
(　4　)They tested boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either.
(　6　)They tested the medicine on themselves to see if it was safe.
(　8　)The medicine became a standard treatment for malaria.
(　2　)They found a medical text suggesting using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
3．What do the numbers in Paras.2－3 suggest
答案　These numbers suggest the patience and persistence of Tu and her team.
Ⅲ.Read Para.4 carefully and answer the question.
How did Tu Youyou summarize her success
·She thought the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.
·This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
·It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
Ⅳ.What’s the structure of the passage
答案　B
Activity 1　Summary
In October 2015，Tu Youyou，a 1.committed(commit) and patient scientist，was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin which has saved hundreds of thousands of lives.
Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930.She was among the first researchers 2.chosen(choose) to study a new treatment for malaria.After examining over 2,000 ancient Chinese medical texts and 3.evaluating(evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical 4.properties(property)，she and her team found a medical text suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.However，they 5.encountered(encounter) many difficulties when drawing out the extract.After failing more than 190 times，they 6.finally(final) succeeded in 1971.To make sure the medicine was safe，they tested it on themselves first and then on malaria patients，most of 7.whom recovered.The medicine called artemisinin soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According 8.to Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.She thinks that her success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine and it’s 9.an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine 10.to be spread(spread) around the world.
Activity 2　Analyze the complex sentences
1．This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.
[句式分析]　此句是复合句。whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin 为whose引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，whose在从句中作定语，a crucial new treatment for malaria是同位语，解释说明artemisinin。
[自主翻译]　本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现，这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。
2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
[句式分析]　此句是并列句，and是并列连词。with the objective of意为“目标是”；chosen为过去分词作定语，修饰researchers。
[句式翻译]　1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
3．She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
[句式分析]　此句是并列句，and是并列连词。suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood是现在分词短语作定语，修饰one sentence，by chance意思为偶然。
[自主翻译]　她再次分析了一遍医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，建议用不同的方法来处理青蒿。

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