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(共26张PPT)
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Unit 1
Using Language
Part 3
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
改变了我们对宇宙认识的人
指人
定从
understanding
n. 理解，看法，解释，意见
n. 宇宙，天地万物
uni(一个)+vers(转向)+e(统一旋转)
Para.1
Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。
非限定
主语
谓语
定从
considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的
considerable adj.相当大的，相当重要的
consider v. 考虑；认为；体贴
Para.1
He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.
他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。
独立主格
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。
adj. 众多的，许多的
n.贡献，促成作用；捐款，捐助
n.理论，学说
n.相对论，相对性
n.公式；方程式；配方
Para.1
Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
n.天才；天资；天赋
adj.勇敢的，有胆量的
courage n.勇气，胆量
n.数字(符号)；身材；人物
v.（以重要地位）出现；理解，弄懂
V.-ed作后定
Para.2
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland,
这位文静的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，
时状
try to do sth. 尝试做某事
try to do sth. 尝试做某事
v.进入；开始做；报名
adj.温柔的，文静的
Para.2
but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.
尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。
由于
n./v.得分，评分
adj.总体的，普遍的；一般的；大概的；综合的
prep.尽管，即使
adj.卓越的，杰出的；不寻常的
Para.2
After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，1896年进入大学，并于1900年毕业。
时状
省略
manage to do sth.设法做某事：成功完成或达成某事
结状
Para.3
After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.
在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。
作为
……的
作为
n.专利（证书），获得专利
adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
Para.3
While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
时状
省略
处于
继续做
earn v.赚的；赢得
n.博士学位
Para.3
That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers.
同年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文，这一年后来被誉为科学史上的奇迹之年。
同年
非限定
v.出版，发行（书、杂志等）；刊登；公布；颁布
adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
n.（报）纸；试卷；论文；文件
Para.3
Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university.
此后，他逐渐以新艾萨克·牛顿闻名于世。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。
adj.之后的；下列的
adv.逐渐地；逐步地
adv. /prep.遍及，到处；自始至终
v.停止；戒掉；离开
时状
宾
宾
Para.3
In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。
被动语态
n.解释; 说明; 阐述
explain v.解释；说明
adj.光电的
n.影响; 印象，效果
v.实现，引起
Para.4
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.
1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。
find +宾语+宾补
n.条件；环境；状态
非定
谓语
adj.学业的；学术的
v.迅速离开；逃跑
因此；结果是
Para.4
After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得了巨大成就。
时状
省略
担任，任职
作为
adj.先进的；高级的；高等的
此后
在……取得重大成就
Para.5
To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
在公众看来，他看似有点古怪，但很善良又有趣的人。他胡须浓密，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。
the+adj.
表一类人
/ d / adj.奇怪的
adj.厚的；粗的
非定
连续不断地
as though/if 似乎，好像
Para.5
Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends’ birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours.
虽然他是个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。
让步状从
n. 天才；天资；天赋
forget-forgot-forgotten
n.个性；特点；怪异的性质
让步状从
Para.5
There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.
事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。
宾从
定从
谓语
并列谓语
Para.5
In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.
甚至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事：这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。
v.偶然碰到，遇到
定从
谓语
并列谓语
Para.5
After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!”
经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！”
n.（某事发生的）时刻；特殊（或重大）场合
表强调
Para.6
On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。
It + be + V.-ed+ that…
据报道
v.哀悼；忧伤
adj.巧妙的；成功的；聪颖的
Thanks!
独立主格
finished
to be held
having done
being
常见的独立主格结构有：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式
(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词＋名词
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
1. The work ___________ (finish), they left the office and went home.
2. The exam _____________ (hold) tomorrow, I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight.
3.The students _______________ (do) all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
4.She _________（be）absent, the meeting had to be put off.
状从省略
(1)状语从句省略的条件：
a.状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it；
b.状语从句谓语中含有be动词。
(2)省略句的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。
(3)省略句中非谓语动词的选用要根据动词和主语的关系：
主动关系用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词；尚未发生用不定式。
find +宾语+宾补
结构用法归纳：
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
表示主动，进行
表示被动，完成

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