资源简介

2024年中考英语语法精讲：不定式的用法讲义
一、不定式用法归纳
不定式进行式的基本形式为to be doing，其主要用法如下：
1. 表示同时进行，即表示谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如：
He pretended to be studying. 他假装在学习。
I happened to be standing next to him when he collapsed. 他倒下的时候我恰巧站在他旁边。
2. 表示将来，正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样，不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如：
I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。
The old man seems to be dying. 这老人似乎要死了。
I’m quite pleased to be leaving this country. 就要离开这个国家我很高兴。
3. 表示一般情况，即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。如：
I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。
Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。
You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。
二、动名词的用法归纳

1. 与主要动作同时发生。如：
My shoe laces keep coming undone. 我的鞋带老是松开。
Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想象你是在月球上。
He continued reading when I spoke to him. 我同他说话时，他仍在继续阅读。
I had the greatest difficulty in persuading him. 为了说服他，我费了好大的力气。
2. 后于主要动作发生：当动名词用于advise, suggest, insist on等动词后作宾语时，它所表示的动作常发生在主要动作之后。如：
I advise waiting till proper time. 我建议等到适当时机。
He insisted on seeing us home. 他一定要送我们回家。
He suggested moving to the country. 他建议搬到乡下去。
3. 先于主要动作发生：当动名词用于admit, deny, forget, regret, remember等动词后作宾语，表示的动作通常发生在主要动作之前。如：
I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。
She denied seeing me. 她否认看见过我。
I’ll never forget meeting you that afternoon. 我永远不会忘记那天下午见到你的情况。
I regret missing the film. 我懊悔没有看上那部电影。
I remember being taken to Paris as a small child. 我记得我在儿时被带到巴黎过。
4. 视相关词的意义而定：当动名词用于介词before, after, since之后作宾语时，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如：
Don’t bathe immediately after eating. 不要吃饭后就游泳。
She waited a little while before making up her mind. 她等一会儿才做出决定。
She’s been quite different since coming back from America. 自打从美国回来她可变了样了。
5. 表示泛指意义：当动名词表示泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如：
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有时很可怕。
It's hard work climbing mountains ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / " \o " ). 爬山是费劲的事。
Selling your house can be a tiresome business. 卖房子有时候是很麻烦的事。
Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult ( http: / / grammar0731.blog. / " \o " ). 又聋又哑很难与人交往。
三、接不定式与动名词意义不同的动词　　
有些动词后面既可接不定式也可接动名词，但意思明显不同。这类动词主要有以下几类：　　
1.remember, forget, regret：remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。比较：　　
Remember to post the letters. 记得把这些信寄掉。　　
I remember posting the letters. 我记得这些信是寄掉了的。　　
I forgot to tell him the news. 我忘告诉他这消息了。　　
I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。　　
She never regretted doing this. 她从没后悔这样做过。　　
I regret to tell you that he can’t come. 很抱歉他不能来。　　
2.go on：其后接不定式表示接着做另一事，接动名词 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同样的事。如：　　
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其它的练习。　　
You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。　　
She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。　　
注：go on后接的doing也可视为现在分词而非动名词 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )。　　
　　3.mean：其后接不定式表示打算做某事或有意做某事，后接动名词表示意味着做某事。如：　　
To raise wages means increasing purchasing power. 提高工资意味着增加购买力。　　
I’m sorry I didn’t mean to be rude to you. 对不起，我并不想对你粗鲁无礼。　　
To mean to do something and to actually do something are two different things. 打算做一件事和实际上做一件事完全是两回事。　　　　
4.try：其后接不定式 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )表示设法去做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有何效果)。如：　　
Try to limit your talk to 10 minutes. 请尽量把话在10分钟内讲完。　　
Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。　　　　
5.can’t help：其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，接不定式 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )表示不能帮忙去做某事。如：　　
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。　　
I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。　　
6.stop：其后接动名词 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )表示停止正在做的事情，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。如：　　
He is trying to stop smoking. 他在设法戒烟。　　
He stopped to speak to Martin. 他停下来和马丁讲话。
四、接不定式与动名词意义相同的动词　　　
1、归纳　　
后接不定式和动名词 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )意思基本相同的动词主要有attempt(试图)，begin(开始)，bother(麻烦)，can’t bear(忍受不了)，cease(停止)，continue(继续)，hate(讨厌)，intend(想要)，like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，prefer(宁愿)，propose(建议)，start(开始)等。如：　　
Do you like playing (to play) chess 你喜欢下棋吗？　　
He can’t bear travelling (to travel) by sea. 他坐不了海船。　　
I propose making (to make) a change in the plan. 我建议把计划作些改动。　　
Don’t bother to get (getting) dinner for me. 请不必费事为我做饭了。　　
He continued reading (to read) when I spoke to him. 我同 他说话时，他仍在继续阅读。　　
2、注意　　
1. 在begin, cease, continue或start的进行式后面通常要用不定式 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )，而不用动名词，因为两个-ing形式的重复听起来别扭。如：　　
He was beginning to recover when he had another attack. 他正在开始恢复时，突然病又发作了。　　
2. 当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式 ( http: / / www. / " \o " )。如：　　
I’d hate to disturb him if he’s busy. 如果他忙，我就不想打扰他了。　　
If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for you. 如果你想来，我就给你弄一张票。
有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式，这些动词和形容词派生出来的名词后也可用不定式作定语
ability能力 agreement同意
anxiety渴望 attempt试图
claim宣称 decision决定
determination决心 need需要
plan计划 promise答应
readiness准备 tendency倾向
willingness愿意 wish希望
impatience渴望 obligation义务inclination倾向，爱好
eagerness急切
Your ability to analysethe problem really surprises us.你分析这
个问题的能力真叫我们吃惊。
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.看得出他急于回家。
She fulfilled her promise to send him abroad.她履行了送他出国的诺言。
He made an attempt to overcome his weaknesses.他努力克服自己的弱点。
She told me her plan to buy avilla.她和我谈到买一栋别墅的计划。【提示】这类名词后的不定式短语有时表示同位关系。例如：
His refusal to recommend Lucy to the committee is amazing.他拒绝把露茜推荐给委员会使人吃惊。
He feels an inclination to make a trip into the hills.他想到山里去玩玩。I am under no obligation to give him what he wants.我没有他要什么就给他什么的义务。
She has a tendency to talk toomuch.她喜欢唠叨。
He has an ambition to become a world champion.他一心想成为世界冠军。
不定式可以修饰作主语的名词，相当于一个定语从句，表明动作即将发生
Theman tocome to our
assistance is Mike.来帮助我们的人是迈克。
The future to greet us will bebright.我们的未来将是美好的。
The plans to be made are of vitalimportance.要制订的计划至关重要。
The lecture to follow will include the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution.要上的课将包括法国大革命所带来的巨大变化这一内容。
The conference to take place next month is bound to be a great success.下周举行的会议必将是个巨大的成
功。
8the first, the second, the last, the best, the only thing等常跟不定式作定语
It is the only thing to do.那是唯一可做的事。
He is always the first to answerquestions.他总是第一个回答问题。He would be the last to agree to the plan.他决不会同意这项计划。9当go，spare作“剩 下”(left)解时，可作定语；另外还有“with/without+名词+不定式”结构
He had five minutes to go before time was up.他距时间结束还有五分钟。
They had only 100 dollars tospare.他们只有100美元可用。
I can't go sightseeing with all these things to attend to.有一大堆事情要做，我不能去度假。(=becauseI have...)
With much money to spend,the boy was spoiled.那个男孩花钱如流水，被惯坏了。(As he had...)
With all the world to rule, he would not be content.即使能够统治全世界，他也不会满足。(Though he might...)
Men went hunting and fishing, with women to remain at home.男人去打猎、捕鱼，女人留在家里。(=and women...)
With so many people to care about her, she feels very proud.有这么多人关心她，她感到非常自豪。(As so many people...)
He left on a cold morning, without anyone to see him off.他在一个寒冷的早上离开的，没有人为他送行。(=and no one...)
Without anything to do the whole day, he felt rather dull.他整天没事干，感到很无聊。

展开更多......

收起↑