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2024年初中英语一轮复习之名词知识精讲与练习
一、名词知识精讲
一、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。
①不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,主要有专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。常考的有: advice,news.progress,money, furniture, fun.weather, information, luck,housework, wood, rice, grass,soap,medicine.work,bread,meat,wealth,music 等。
②可数名词有单、复数之分,但下列名词常以复数形式出现。
manners(礼乾).goods(货物),sands(河滩),ashes(灰烬),glasses(眼镜),make preparations for(准备),congratulations(祝贺)drinks(饮料),works(工厂;著作),tears(眼泪),regards(问候),thanks(谢谢),trousers(裤子),clothes(衣服).sports(运动),plastics(塑料制品),means(方法;手段)
③部分词可教、不可数意义不同。如:a paper(报纸),paper(纸);word(消息),a word(词)。 He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.
④修饰可数名词常见的有:a number of,many a good/ great many, a few, quite a few
修饰不可数名词常用的有:a great deal of,a large amount of, much, a little, a bit, a litle bit
两者均可修饰的有:no,some,any, plenty of,a lot of, lots of,a variety of, a large quantity of.quantities of
二、抽象名词具体化，不可数名词与可数名词的转化也是高考常考知识点。
1部分抽象名词前有形容词修饰时,常加冠词。
a bright future,have a good / nice / wonderful time,a great help.a good education,a wonderful supper/lunch/dinner
2与动词同形的名词构成的短语常加冠词
have a look. go for a walk. have a smoke, make an answer.have a break
3.部分情绪或心理活动的情感名词,表示抽象概念时,不可数;表示具体的事时,可数
surprise (U)惊奇,诧异 in surprise
(C)令人惊奇的事 What a surprise!
pity (U)怜悯，同情 have pity on sb.
(C)可惜的事,憾事I'sapity
pleasure (U)愉快，高兴 with pleasure
(C)乐事、乐趣 It is a pleasure.
failure(失败) a failure(失败者)
success(成功) asuccess成功的人/事
experience(经验) an experience(经历)
wonder(惊奇) a wonder(奇迹)
must(必须) amust(必要的事)
beauty(美丽) a beauty(美人)
Oh,John. What a pleasant surprise you gave me!
Many people agree that a knowlege of English is a must in trade today
Jumping out of_C_ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_ exciting experience.
A./;the B./; an C.an:an D.the; the
三、名词直接作定语与名词所有格作定语不一样，名词作定语主要有:
L表示类别:
coffee cup(咖啡杯) man doctor(男医生) girl friend(女朋友)
English lesson(英语课) Doctor Zhang(张医生) Nobel Prize(诺贝尔奖)
street light(路灯) college student(大学生) shoe store(鞋店)
2.表示原材料:
stone house(石头房子) straw hat(草帽) wood desk(木桌)
paper money(纸币)
3.表示用途:
lunch room(午餐室) sports field(运动场)
[注意]:
①名词作定语一般用单数,但某些名词作定语须用复数形式:
a clothes shop(服装店) a sports meeting(运动会) a sales girl(售货员)
a goods train(货物列车)
2man.woman通常与名词一起变复数:
men teachers(男教师) women drivers(女司机)
③所有格作定语与名词直接作定语意义不一样。 a man driver(男司机)aman’sdriver(男士的司机)四同义、近义名词的用法和区别也是常考点。
Chinese/China's/of China
①Chinese除“汉语;中国人”外可作形容词,作前置定语，说明中心词的性质、属性、起源。高英语语法精讲精练
即说明中华民族的特征风格、传统特色
Chinese words 汉字 Chinese meal 中餐 Chinese medicine 中药
Chinese green tea中国绿茶 the Chinese pcople/nation 中华民族
2Chinas表示与中心词的所属关系如主权、领属、拥有、所有等关系。 China's capitalChina's first railway Chinn's foothall tean3ofChina 一般作后置定语。
a map of China / the Great Wall of China (表所属关系)
the north of China / the whole of China(表局部与整体关系) the Country of China(同位关系)
④China 直接作定语通常为习惯搭配或表所属。
China grass 线麻 China ink 墨 China rose 月季花
China sea 中国海 China Unicom中国联通 China Mobile 中国移动
China Telecom 中国电信
五、be+of+名词
这一结构常用来描写一个人或一件物的特征，在向中做表语，也可以做定语。此句式常用于以下两种情况:
1.be+of+名词(size,shape, colour, length,width,depth, weight,height.kind. type,age 等)表示主语与其它事物的尺寸、年龄、体重、颜色等相同或不同,在这一句式中,名词前可用 different 或the same 修饰
They are of the same height.
I'm of your age. (=We are of the same age.
Coins are of different sizes, weights, shapes and of different metals.
2.be+of+抽象名词(importance,use,value.help,interest等)。在此句式中，抽象名词前可用 great,no, little,some,any, not much 等来修饰，表示不同的程度，此时of不能省略。of+抽象名词可转化为该名词的形容词形式Sports and games are of great importance.(=Sports and games are very important.
六、名词的所有格。
1在词尾加's表示“所属，所有”
D有生命的或被看作有生命的名词的所有格一般在该词尾加’s如 the worker's name, the govemment's plan.Women's Day
②表示国家、城市、时间、度量、天体、价值等无生命的名词的所有格加's。如:China's industry, the earth 's satellite, the Party's policy, today's newspaper, two miles’walk③表示某店铺、某人的家或省略上文提到的名词时，名词所有格后面的中心词常省略。如the Wangs' at my uncles' the barber's
He bought a bike at Black's. The book is Tom's.
④表示多人共同拥有的同一物,在最后一个词尾加's，表示多人各自拥有时，须分别加’ Mary and Jane'sroom.(共同拥有)
Li Hua's and Zhang Ying's bikes.(分别拥有)
⑤以s结尾的复数名词一般加…"以s结尾的专有名词加…”或“’s”。如:
the bovs' desks the teachers’book Engels's works/Engels’works Dickens’/ Dickens's book⑥复合名词、不定代词、相互代词或以整体形式出现的名词一般在最末单词后加“’s”如:my daughter-in-law's house somebody else's bike whose else car (=who else's car)
2.用of表示所有格
①无生命的名词一般用of表示所属关系。如:the lights of the street, the park's of the city, the新动力英语高中英语语法精讲精练
map of the country
②某些有生命的名词的所有格两者均可，但修饰语较长时，频用of表示。如
the son of the old man who lived in the country monkey's tail / the tail of the monkey
the story of the brave two sisters
3.双重所有格,由”of+名词+'s”或“of+名词性物主代词”构成。
①表示所属物的名词前有冠词、不定代词或数词时(如:a,some,no,the,any,one,few 等) a friend of her mother's = one of her mother's friends a photo of mine = one of my photos
Miss Smith is a friend of Mary's mother's.
②被修饰的名词前有指示代词时或用来表示赞扬或厌恶等感彩时。如: Everyone loves the little son of his sister's.
We all dislike thnt pride ofTom's.我们都讨厌汤姆那种骄傲态度。
巩固精练
()1.Oh.John.___ you gave us!
A. How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
()2.____food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C.How nice D.What nice
()3.__terrible weather we've been having these days!
A.How a B.What a C.How D. What
()4.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into
A.fact B.reality C.practice D.deed
()5.Miss Smith is a friend of___.
A. Mary's mother's B.Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary D.Mary mother's
()6. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller__.
A. set B. one C.copy D.pair
()7.He dropped theand broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C.cup coffee D.coffee cup
()8.-Hi,haven't seen you for ages. You look fine.
A. Great B.Thanks C. Oh, no D.Not at all
()9.He gained his____by printing_of famous writers.
A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.wealths:work D.wealth;works
()10.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little_.
A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest
)11. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a_.
A. message B. letter C.sentenee D. notice
()12. You'll find this map of great___ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
( )13.We all know that__ speak louder than words.
A.movements B.performanee C.operations D.actions
( )14.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good
sight B.scene C.view D.look
( )15.The_is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
bicycle's shop B.bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D.bicycles’shop
( )16.No matter what you do, you should put your___ into it.
A. mind B.heart C. brain D.thought
()17.There are usually at least two_ of looking at every question.
A.means B.directions C.views D.ways
()18.The manager has got a good business___ so the company is doing well.
A.idea B.sense C.thought D.thinking
( )19.-I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke I was very tired.
-There is nofor this while you are on duty.
A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation
()20.The face of four famous American presidents on Mout Rushmore can be seen from a__
of 60 miles.
A.length B.distance C.way D.space
()21. Don't leave matches or cigarettes one the table within__ of little children.
A.hand B.reach C. space D.distance
( )22.--Brad was Jane's brother!
he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all C.No wonder D.Of course
()23. The environmentalists said wild goats’on the vast grasslands was a good indi-
cation of the better environment.
A. escape B.absence C.attendance D.appearance
()24.In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the_ in perso
nality.
A.contact B.contrast C.connection D.conflict
( )25. Chinese arts have won the_of a lot of people outside China.
A.enjoyment B.appreciation C.entertainment D.reputation
)26. I keep medicines on the shelf, out of the children's_
A. reach B.hand C.hold D.place
()27._ with other countries, China has little natural resources, because__ population is
the biggest in the world.
A.Compared; Chinese B.Comparing; Chinese
C.Compared; China's D.Compare; China's
()28.The speaker spoke up so that we could hear his
A. sound B.voice C. noise D.cry
( )29. An animal usually has one stomach, but a cow has
A.four-stomach B.four-stomaches C. four stomaches D.four stomachs
( )30._____ work has been done to stop the pollution.
A.Many B.A great many
C. A large number of D. A great deal of
( )31. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many__
A.furniture B.furniture pieces
C.fumitures D. pieces of furniture
( )32. speak English and_speak German.
A.Englishman; German B.Englishmen; Germans
C.An Englishman;a German D.Englishmen; German
( )33. All thein the hospital got a present on the eighth of March.
A.women doctors B.woman doctors C. women doctor D.woman doctor
( )34. Ann has many friends. Alice is one of her
A. girls friends B.girl friends C.girl friend D. girls friend
( )35.-Where is your sister
-At__.
A.Mr Smith's B.Mr Smith C.the Mr Smith's D.the Mr Smith
()36.They go travelling because they'll have three___ holiday.
A.week B.week's C.weeks’ D.weeks
( )37. Tom and I are getting tired of.
A. that bad temper of him B. his that bad temper
C. that bad temper of his D. that his bad temper
( )38.-Whose book is it
-It'sbook.
A. somebody else's B.somebody else
C. somebody's else's D.somebody's else
( )39.Look! These are_.
A. mouse's tails B.mice tails C. mice's tails D. mice's tail
()40. I looked at the dictionary, but it wasn't really _..
A. much used B.able to use C.of useful D. of much use

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