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2024年高中英语语法学习之动词时态归类与练习
一、主动语态的六种时态（三个一般，两个进行，一个完成）
一般现在时
意思：表示经常发生的事或动作或行为
结构：
肯定结构：①： V（原形）
② V（s/es）( 第三称单数)
否定结构：① don’t +V(原形)
② doesn’t + V(原形) （第三称单数）
疑问结构：① Do……+V（原形）
② Does....+V（原形）（第三称单数）
时间标志
Often（经常）, always(总是)， usually(经常)，sometimes(有时)，seldom(几乎不) every +时间名词（如： day/night/ week/month/year等）
一般来说客观真理和实事也用一般现在时
一般来说表示爱好和愿好也用一般现在时
2. 一般将来时
1）意思：表示将要发生的事情或行为
2）结构：
肯定结构 ① be going to +V(原形)
② will +V(原形)
否定结构 ① be+not +going to +V（原形）
②won’t + V(原形)
疑问结构：① Am/Is/Are ....+going to +V(原形)
② Will....+V(原形)
时间标志 ： tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, the day after tomorrow, next +时间名词（如：week/month/year/Sunday...等），in +一段时间，soon, from now on, in the future
3.一般过去时
1）意思：表示发生在过去的事情或行为
2）结构
肯定结构：①规则的：在动词后加ed
②不规则的： 如 go ____went; am_____was
否定结构; didn’t + V(原形)
疑问结构 Did....+V(原形)
3）标志： yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, last night, the day before yesterday, last+时间名词（如 week/month/year/Sunday...等）, 一段时间+ago, just now, in +过去的时间点( 如：in 1990), the other day
4现在进行时
1) 意思: 表示说话这个时候正在发生的事情或行为
2）结构
肯定结构： am/is /are +Ving
否定结构： am/is/are+not+ Ving
疑问结构： Am /Is/Are …+ Ving
3) 时间标志： now, listen, look, be quiet, hurry up, at the momenti
5.过去进行时
1）意思：表示发生在过去某一时间点或一段时间里的事情或行为
2）结构
肯定结构： was/were +Ving
否定结构： wasn’t /weren’t +Ving
疑问结构： Was/Were...+ Ving
3) 时间标志
① 由when 引导的时间状语从句：主句过去进行时，从句一般过去时
② 由while 引导的时间状语从句： ⅰ：主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时
ⅱ：主句过去进行时，从句过去进行时
③ 过去的某一个时间点： 如： at nine yesterday morning
④ 过去的某一段时间: 如： 从 from nine to ten yesterday morning
⑤ at this /that time+过去的时间 ；如： at this time yesterday
6.现在完成时
1）意思： 表示过去的某一动作或行为对现在的影响或结果； 或者表示过去某一动作或行为一直延续到现在
2）结构
肯定结构： have/has +Ved( 过去分词)
否定结构： haven’t/ hasn’t +Ved
疑问结构： Have/Has...+ Ved
3) 时间标志： never...before(以前从来没有。。。)；ever (曾经)；just( 刚刚)；already(以经)； yet(还，尚且)， so far , in the past few days , recently,for+一段时间； since +过去一个时间点或一个过去时的从句； once ,twice, 数字+times（如 three times）
4）have/ has been to 去过（never,ever,already,just，次数）
Have /has gone to 去了（ where is sb / Sb isn’t here）
Have /has been in 在。。(for, since)
5) 非延续性动词变延续性动词
Borrow/lend___ kept; catch___ had
Buy___had leave/go___been away
Start/ begin___ been on; finish___ been over
Open_____been open close____been closed
Die_____ been dead join____been in /been a member of
Come/arrive/ become____ been in
因非延续性动词不能跟一段时间（for, since）,如果要跟一段时间，需转换为延续性动词
8.过去完成时
1.意思：是指到过去某时该动作或状态已完成（也就是过去的过去）
2.结构：
肯定结构：had +动词的过去分词
否定结构：had not +动词的过去分词
疑问句结构： Had....+ 动词的过去分词
3.时间标志： by the time+ 一个过去时的句子； by the end of +过去时间名词； when + 一个过去时的句子，before+ 一个过去时的句子
9.过去将来时
结构：would + 动词原形
巩固精练
（）1. When I was at college !three foreign languages, but l all except a few words of each.
A.spoke; had forgotten B.spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken: had forgotten D.had spoken; have forgotten
（）2.-Come in, Peter. I want to show you something.
Oh, how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going
C. didn't think; were going D. hadn't thought; were going
（）3.-We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.
-What do you suppose__ to her
A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened
（）4.The students busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she__ in the office.
A.had written; left B. were writing; has left
C.had written; had left D.were writing; had left
（）5.Tom into the house when no one
A. slipped; was looking B.had slipped; looked
C. slipped: had looked D.was slipping; looked
（）6.-We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
-Yes.A taxi at all necessary.
A.wasn't B.hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. won't be
（）7.-Do you know our town at all
-No, this is the first time I here.
A. was B.have been C.came D.am coming
（）8.My dictionary I have looked for it everywhere but still it.
A. has lost: don't find B.is missing;don't find
C.has lost; haven't found D.is missing; haven't found
（）9.-How long___each other before they___married
-For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they known; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
（）10.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon.
A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left
（）11.The pen I_ I is on my desk, right under my nose.
A.think: lost B. thought; had lost
C.think; had lost D.thought; have lost
（）12.--Can I join your club, Dad
-You can when you a bit older.
A.get B.will get C.are getting D. will have got
（）13. She set out soon after dark ___ home an hour later.
A.arriving B.to arrive C. having arrived D.and arrived
（）14.-I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
-Oh, not at all. i____ here only a few minutes.
A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
（）15.As she_the newspaper,Granny__asleep.
A.read: was falling B.was reading;fell
C. was reading; was falling D.read; fell
（）16.You don't need to decrible her.I her several times.
A.had met B.have met C. met D.meet
（）17.I don't think Jim saw her; he_ into space.
A.just stared B.was just staring C. has just stared D.had just stared
（）18.-__my glasses
-Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen
（）19.Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.
A.has left; comes B.left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
（）20.-Can I help you, sir
-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday, but it
A. didn't work B.won't work C. can't work D.doesn't work
（）21.-Who is Jerry Cooper
I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A.Don't you meet him yet B.Hadn't you met him yet
C.Didn't you meet him yet D. Haven't you met him yet
（）22.-Alice, why didn't you come yesterday
- I__.but I had an unexpected visitor
A.had B.would C. was going to D.did
（）23.I first met Lisa three years ago. She_ at a radio shop at the time.
A.has worked B.was working
C. had been working D.had worked
（）24.-Is this raincoat yours
-No, mine there behind the door.
A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hang
（）25.___ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A.When left B.Leaving C.If you leave D.Leave
（）26. Shirley___ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
A.has written B.wrote C.had written D. was writing
( )27.-Hi,Tracy, you look tired.
-I am tired.I the living room all day.
B.had painted D.have painted
C. have been painting
（）28. The price __,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was going down
（）29.-Hey, look where you are going!
-Oh, I'm terribly sorry.
A. I'm not noticing B.I wasn't noticing
C.I haven't noticed D. I don't notice
( )30.-You've left the light on.
-Oh, so I have .and turn it off.
I'll go B. I've gone C.I go D. I'm going
习题答案
1.B前句句意:我读大学时，会说三门外语。此处用一般过去时。后句句意:但是我现在只能记得它们的一些单词。此处用完成时。故选B。
2.B句意:-彼得,快进来。我有东西给你看。-啊，你太好了!我没想到你会带礼物给我。“想”这个动作发生在过去,故用过去式,而“带礼物”则应用过去将来。
3.C
4.D 句意:当Miss Brown去办公室取落下的书时，学生们正匆忙地写着。由此可知，第一空应用进行时。且应与后面的“went”保持一致，故用过去进行时:而第二空的动作发生在“went”之前,故用过去完成时。
5.A 句意:当没有人看见的时候,Tom 偷偷溜进去了。前句用一般过去时;后句用过去进行时。
6.A
7.B根据“the first time”可知此处应用现在完成时。
8.D lose在作“丢失”解时,表示“失而难以复得”或“失而无法复得”的意思;miss是指“发觉某物不见”,根据句意可知第一空应选“is missing”;第二空用现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在产生的结果。
9.D根据答语可知，“get married”这个动作发生在一年之前，故用过去时:而第一空的动作发生在“get married”之前,故用过去完成时。
10.B句意:我们对他将要离开办公室的消息感到非常吃惊。他说的话发生在过去的将来。故用过去将来时。
11.B前一空动作发生在过去，用一般过去时:后一空发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。
12.A在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。故选A。
13.D
14.A句意:我也只是刚到几分钟。所以用现在完成时
15.B句意:在她读报纸的时候,奶奶睡着了。前句用过去进行时;后句用一般过去时。
16.B句意:你不用描述她，我已经见过她几次了。故用完成时。
10
B句意:我认为Jim没有看见她，因为那个时候他正在看天上。故用过去进行时。
D
19.C根据后面的“had”可知第一空的动作发生在过去，此处用过去完成时表示过去动作对现在产生的影响;第二空用一般过去时表过去将来。故选C。
20.D机器不工作是一个客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时。
21.D句意:-Jerry Cooper是谁 --你没见过他吗 我看见你和他在会议上握过手的。由此可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在产生的结果。
22.C根据句意可知，Alice昨天本来打算要来的，但是突然来了一位客人,所以用过去将来时。
23.B句意:我第一次见到Lisa是在三年前，当时她在一个无线电商店上班。
24.A通过语境可知雨衣正挂在门后，故用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。
25.D考查祈使句，用动词原形。
26.D此处用过去进行时，表示Shirley去年一直在写书。
27.C由all day 可以看出一直在粉刷客厅，此时仍然在做。故选C。
28.C此处用现在完成时，侧重于强调过去动作对现在产生的结果。29.B
30.A根据语境和语意可知将去关灯，故用一般将来时。
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