资源简介

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Imagine for a moment that your unborn child has a rare genetic disorder. Not ____1____ at least vaguely familiar, such as sickle-cell anaemia or cystic fibrosis, but rather a condition ____2____ (bury) deep within the medical dictionary. Adrenoleukodys trophy, maybe. Or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Would you, when your child is born, want to know about it If effective treatments were available, you probably would. But if not If the outcome were fatal, would your interest in knowing about it depend on whether your newborn had five years of life____3____ (look) forward to, or ten Or 30
Today these questions are mostly hypothetical. Precisely because they are rare, such disorders are seldom noticed at birth. They manifest (显现) themselves only gradually, and often with unpredictable severity. But that may soon change. Twenty years after the first human genome ____4____ (map), the price of whole-genome sequencing has fallen to a point ____5____ it could, in rich countries at least, be offered routinely to newborns. Parents will then have to decide exactly how much they want to know.
Early diagnosis brings with it the possibility of early treatment. Moreover, sequencing the genomes of newborns could offer a lifetime of returns. A patient’s genome may reveal ____6____ drugs will work best in his or her particular case for conditions such as ADHD, depression and bined with information about someone’s way of life, it could highlight easily neglected health risks such as cancers and cardiovascular disease, leading to better preventive measures. A database of genomes, ____7____ (match) to living people, would be a benefit to medical research. The fruits of that research, in turn, would make those genomes more useful to their owners as time goes on.
Such a powerful new technology create new dangers. Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations, ____8____ occasionally indicative of disease, are not strongly so. Parents may not want to unlock all the secrets that their newborn’s genome might reveal. Some may indeed prefer not to know about conditions that cannot be treated. Adult-onset illnesses pose a different dilemma — a reasonable position is that it ____9____ be up to the children themselves, once grown, to decide whether they want to look at their genomic information. A further concern is that data will not be kept secure, and may be leaked or otherwise misused _____10_____ some point in the future.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A including B. urgent C. features D. targets E. lengths F. chasing G. accused H. commands I. fed J. restock K. collecting
Pokemon Stickers Are Back for Koreans Nostalgic (怀旧的) for Childhood
Small pastries include a surprise sticker, and the goal is to find all 159 varieties — just like a trend more than 20 years ago.
Jeong Bo-ram’s new fascination has him ___11___ mass-produced pastries(糕点), delivery trucks and his childhood memories. His ___12___ are $1.20 bakery items sold with random Pokemon stickers that fly off store shelves in South Korea.
Just a few short of a full 159-sticker collection, 29-year-old Mr. Jeong has gone to more than 10 convenience stores and supermarkets a day, often leaving empty-handed. He has paid hundreds of dollars. He has learned the evening ___13___ times throughout his neighborhood to know when fresh drop-offs occur.
More than two decades ago, the Pokemon sticker-treat duo caught on with a generation of South Korean children, before the craze passed after a few years and the products were discontinued. Now the goodies are back just in time for the country’s broader retro boom, ___14___ by adults nostaglic for simpler times.
South Koreans are going to great ___15___ to live out the Pokemon tagline of “Gotta catch ’em all,” with some ___16___ the stickers in display booklets. Pokemon, originally a Japanese game for the Nintendo Game Boy that ___17___ hundreds of monster characters, has expanded into globally popular animated series, toys and video-games, ___18___ the recent hit Pokemon Go for smartphones.
Retailers have posted signs on their entrances that read, “We have no Pokemon bread,” while some store owners are ___19___ of bundling the in-demand pastries with unpopular items. Hunters camp outside supermarkets early in the morning. The rarest of stickers, such as that of the legendary characters Mew (梦幻) and Mewtwo (超梦), fetch $40 online. A full collection ___20___ more than $700, the listings show. Actual children also try to find the stickers, but adults are using their greater resources for the hunt.
Ko Hyo-jin shrieked when she ripped open a package of “Diglett Strawberry Custard Bread” recently and discovered inside a sticker of Mewtwo - a two-legged monster shown extending its paw. She immediately dialed up her husband. “It felt like winning the lottery,” said the 39-year-old homemaker in the Seoul Suburbs.
The nostalgic chase has been embraced by young adults facing Korea’s stagnant economy soaring real-estate prices and a tight labor market.
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix
At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas (阿奎那) is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) ____21____ source Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.
This ____22____ of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes’s (笛卡尔) methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me ____23____, and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are.
But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting ____24____ what it perceives. As D. Q. McInerny (麦克伦尼) says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of ____25____”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” world ____26____ come in. Truth and falsity do not ____27____ sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception.
Another ____28____ with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must ____29____ another sense.
To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick _____30_____ immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick is actually _____31_____. But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power — namely, _____32_____ — that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment.
With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the _____33_____ of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.
However, Descartes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as _____34_____ presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.”
So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the _____35_____ world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real.
21. A. external B. primary C. reliable D. alternative
22. A. disbelief B. application C. branch D. command
23. A. in no case B. out of nowhere C. by all means D. now and then
24. A. accurately B. independently C. accidentally D. considerately
25. A. philosophy B. distance C. nature D. life
26. A. analysis B. error C. change D. reflection
27. A. lead to B. serve as C. identify with D. lie in
28. A. problem B. consideration C. advantage D. perspective
29. A. abandon B. regain C. sharpen D. employ
30. A. barely B. wrongly C. partially D. completely
31. A. hollow B. straight C. thick D. bent
32. A. smell B. sight C. touch D. taste
33. A. size B. status C. age D. weight
34. A. scientific B. unusual C. reasonable D. horrifying
35. A. imaginary B. private C. contemporary D. outside
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Be a Better Traveler in the Over-tourism Era
Travel has become as accessible as McDonald’s, reaching a new high as global tourist arrivals reached 1.4 billion last year. In 1995, global arrivals numbered only 525 million.
As a father of two kids, I am the first to celebrate the drop in costs brought on by air-travel market liberalization, the rise of discount airlines, a revolution in accommodations thanks to the likes of and Airbnb, and mobile devices installed with the best maps and travel guides the world has ever known. I’m also happy for the retailers, hoteliers, museum keepers and others who have benefited financially from the tourism boom.
I can’t help but wonder, though, what we are actually seeing as we travel these days. More people are travelling, but many are visiting the same places. Is a forest of selfie sticks what I wanted to show my daughter at the Louvre When was the last time I set food on Prague’s main square without being elbowed a dozen times Is a trip to Barcelona complete if you have to avoid every famous location for fear of being trampled (踩踏)
Cities can not do much about this — they can’t very well close airports, force airlines to fly less frequently or increase their prices. Raising the cost of air travel, overall or to specific destination, will never be popular. Many will object it on the grounds that travel shouldn’t be just for the rich, and it’ll hurt the residents of cities troubled with over-tourism.
So what should travelers do Stay home That’s unlikely. But if you are heading for some of the world’s most popular destinations, rethink your bucket list (愿望清单). You should be open to venturing beyond the obvious. Even if you are set on visiting an iconic site, consider going at an off-peak time.
The biggest thing to keep in mind, no matter where you travel, is to be well-researched, respectful and genuinely curious about the destination. Don’t fall victim to what people call “selfie culture” and “bucket list culture”. Treat the destination as you would do to your own home - not as a “hidden gem” that you throw money at to get certain experience you feel entitled to.
36. Which of the following is NOT the cause of the drop in travelling costs according to the author
A. The rise of discount airlines.
B. The freedom to choose transport
C. The popularization of mobile devices.
D. The appearances of and Airbnb.
37. According to the passage, why might some people oppose raising the cost of air travel
A. It would result in a decrease in airport security.
B. It would lead to fewer people travelling overall.
C. It would hurt the residents of tourism-dependent cities.
D. It would encourage a “bucket list culture.”
38. What does the author mean by saying “Cities can not do much about this”
A. Facing the trouble of over-tourism, cities lack feasilbe measure.
B. Those cities as famous tourist destinations are not only for the rich.
C. Cities with over-tourism can’t deal with protests among travelers.
D Cities with over-tourism can stop people making trips there.
39. What should people do to be a better traveler in the over-tourism era
A. Set on a journey at an on-peak time. B. Avoid visiting an iconic site
C. Raise the cost of air travel. D. Be willing to explore new sites.
(B)
Teacher burnout(倦怠)and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students’ cortisol levels(皮质醇水平), which are a biological indicator of stress.
Researchers collected saliva samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students’ cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems.
“This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers,” said Eva Oberle, the study’s lead author. Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom.
Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students’ needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.
Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs. In this situation, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.
“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut,” said Oberle.
“It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom,” said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study’s co-author and director of HELP. “If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage(附带损伤)of students.”
40. Paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 are intended to make it clear that _________.
A. teacher burnout is the cause of the elevated cortisol levels in students
B. the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problem
C. students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficulties
D. students’ behavioral problems contribute to teacher’s higher level of burnout
41. According to the writer, many British teachers face the problem that _________.
A. teachers are not well trained to deal with students’ problems
B. teachers’ income increases but teaching resources are cut
C. there are more students in each class and less support for teachers
D. there is a widening gap between students’ need and teachers’ ability
42. Which is the best title for the passage
A. How to Relieve Stress in the Class
B. Teacher burnout, avoidable or not
C. The Most Stressful Profession in the World
D. Students Stress and Teacher Burnout: A chicken and egg question.
(C)
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of all love and of reason - are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
43. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is _________.
A. an essential part of society though individual’s function is negligible
B. expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society
C. a replaceable component of society, though functioning smoothly
D. responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations
44. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________.
A. they are filled with well-founded fear of being unemployed
B they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or being unemployed
C. they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of their independence
45. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those who _________.
A. hold well-paid and life-long jobs B. enjoy high social status and reputation
C. outperform their fellow-competitors D. stay away from over-competitiveness
46. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _________.
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. escape consumerism and embrace humanism
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them
Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice. ________47________
A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report , which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.
________48________ The problem is the rankings themselves. They can be a counterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score.
The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students, this is more an indication of student affluence than academic excellence. ________49________
U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance. ________50________ The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.
What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they’ll be prepared for a fulfilling career.
A. But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.
B. In fact it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.
C. For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one.
D. But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.
E. The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don’t need rankings to boost their reputation or applicant pool.
F. Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.
第II卷
I. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
To Be A Creative Person
Without creative people, the world would be a terrible place. Can you imagine a life without art The thought alone makes me tremble. Could you be the next William Shakespeare, Steven Spielberg, or J.K. Rowling
Creative types don’t always get along well with management because they would rather march to the beat of their own drum. Most people have a strong desire to fit in, something that you don’t understand. Following the rules makes you uncomfortable. While most people are running and hiding from problems, you purposely seek them because you love nothing more than a fresh new challenge.
You wrote a blog many months ago and thought it was wonderful at the time you published it. But then you read it again later and wonder, “What on earth was I thinking ” You then identify approximately a thousand ways it could have been better and kick yourself for being so stupid. A brain lacking curiosity is not creative.
Some writers go to a country house or beach to write novels for a reason. Some atmospheres are more helpful to creativity than others. Maybe you like to pack up your laptop and go to a coffee shop, downtown bench, or under a tree at the park. Whatever the case may be, you need to know where to go to develop your creativity.
Inspiration doesn’t happen on its own. Whether it is the opening of an art gallery, a theatrical production, or live music at a downtown bar, you search for inspiration wherever you can find it. It’s nice to know you’re not alone in your desire to create. Whether a person who hates you thinks your art is bad, a family member thinks you deserve a real job, or a friend thinks your ideas will never work, and you will never give in to outside pressure.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
II. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗 (sense) (汉译英)
53. 有些地方因空气污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病，医生也束手无策。(arise) (汉译英)
54. 这个夏天，国内和国际航空公司要么重新设计航线，要么增加航班频率，以满足不断增加的旅行需求。(or) (汉译英)
55. 你能想象吗，这支乐队的演唱会门票竟然卖到了天价，体育馆外竟然还上演了粉丝之间的全武行。(imagine) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是李敏，在一本英文旅游杂志上，你发现了这样一条信息：某古城景区对当地人 收费5美元,对外国人收费15美元,针对这一情况，请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封 信，具体要求如下：
1. 介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容；
2. 针对此事自己的态度以及理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Imagine for a moment that your unborn child has a rare genetic disorder. Not ____1____ at least vaguely familiar, such as sickle-cell anaemia or cystic fibrosis, but rather a condition ____2____ (bury) deep within the medical dictionary. Adrenoleukodys trophy, maybe. Or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Would you, when your child is born, want to know about it If effective treatments were available, you probably would. But if not If the outcome were fatal, would your interest in knowing about it depend on whether your newborn had five years of life____3____ (look) forward to, or ten Or 30
Today these questions are mostly hypothetical. Precisely because they are rare, such disorders are seldom noticed at birth. They manifest (显现) themselves only gradually, and often with unpredictable severity. But that may soon change. Twenty years after the first human genome ____4____ (map), the price of whole-genome sequencing has fallen to a point ____5____ it could, in rich countries at least, be offered routinely to newborns. Parents will then have to decide exactly how much they want to know.
Early diagnosis brings with it the possibility of early treatment. Moreover, sequencing the genomes of newborns could offer a lifetime of returns. A patient’s genome may reveal ____6____ drugs will work best in his or her particular case for conditions such as ADHD, depression and bined with information about someone’s way of life, it could highlight easily neglected health risks such as cancers and cardiovascular disease, leading to better preventive measures. A database of genomes, ____7____ (match) to living people, would be a benefit to medical research. The fruits of that research, in turn, would make those genomes more useful to their owners as time goes on.
Such a powerful new technology create new dangers. Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations, ____8____ occasionally indicative of disease, are not strongly so. Parents may not want to unlock all the secrets that their newborn’s genome might reveal. Some may indeed prefer not to know about conditions that cannot be treated. Adult-onset illnesses pose a different dilemma — a reasonable position is that it ____9____ be up to the children themselves, once grown, to decide whether they want to look at their genomic information. A further concern is that data will not be kept secure, and may be leaked or otherwise misused _____10_____ some point in the future.
【答案】1. something
2. buried 3. to look
4. was mapped
5. where 6. which
7. matched 8. though
9. should 10. at
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了某些疾病难以预测，但在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以（至少在富裕国家）常规提供给新生儿的程度。与活人相匹配的基因组数据库将有利于医学研究。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意：至少不是一些似曾相识的疾病，比如镰状细胞贫血症或囊性纤维化，而是一种深深植根于医学词典中的疾病。根据句意可知，表示一些，应用不定代词something。故填something。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不是像镰状细胞贫血或囊性纤维化这样的稍微熟悉的疾病，而是深埋在医学词典中的一种疾病。分析句子结构可知bury与逻辑主语condition构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填buried。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果结果是致命，你是否有兴趣知道它取决于你的新生儿的寿命是5年还是10年？或30年？此处为have+宾语+宾补结构，且表示将来的动作应用不定式。故填to look。
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以(至少在富裕国家)常规提供给新生儿的程度。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Twenty years after可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the first human genome，谓语用单数。故填was mapped。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以(至少在富裕国家)常规提供给新生儿的程度。定语从句修饰先行词point，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：病人的基因组可能会揭示哪种药物对他或她的特殊情况最有效，比如多动症、抑郁症和癌症。结合有关某人生活方式的信息，它可以突出容易被忽视的健康风险，如癌症和心血管疾病，从而导致更好的预防措施。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“哪一种药物”应用which。故填which。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与活人相匹配的基因组数据库将有利于医学研究。分析句子结构可知match与逻辑主语A database of genomes构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填matched。
【8题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：对数千种潜在有害基因的广泛筛查可能会适得其反：一些结果可能会让父母不必要地担心，因为一些基因变异虽然偶尔预示着疾病，但并不强烈。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though。故填though。
【9题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：成人发病的疾病带来了不同的困境——一个合理的立场是，应该由孩子们自己决定，一旦长大，他们是否想要查看自己的基因组信息。后文be为动词原形，结合句意“应该”可知应用情态动词should。故填should。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：更令人担忧的是，数据将不会保持安全，并且可能在将来的某个时候泄露或以其他方式被滥用。结合句意表示“在某个时候”应用at some point。故填at。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. including B. urgent C. features D. targets E. lengths F. chasing G. accused H. commands I. fed J. restock K. collecting
Pokemon Stickers Are Back for Koreans Nostalgic (怀旧的) for Childhood
Small pastries include a surprise sticker, and the goal is to find all 159 varieties — just like a trend more than 20 years ago.
Jeong Bo-ram’s new fascination has him ___11___ mass-produced pastries(糕点), delivery trucks and his childhood memories. His ___12___ are $1.20 bakery items sold with random Pokemon stickers that fly off store shelves in South Korea.
Just a few short of a full 159-sticker collection, 29-year-old Mr. Jeong has gone to more than 10 convenience stores and supermarkets a day, often leaving empty-handed. He has paid hundreds of dollars. He has learned the evening ___13___ times throughout his neighborhood to know when fresh drop-offs occur.
More than two decades ago, the Pokemon sticker-treat duo caught on with a generation of South Korean children, before the craze passed after a few years and the products were discontinued. Now the goodies are back just in time for the country’s broader retro boom, ___14___ by adults nostaglic for simpler times.
South Koreans are going to great ___15___ to live out the Pokemon tagline of “Gotta catch ’em all,” with some ___16___ the stickers in display booklets. Pokemon, originally a Japanese game for the Nintendo Game Boy that ___17___ hundreds of monster characters, has expanded into globally popular animated series, toys and video-games, ___18___ the recent hit Pokemon Go for smartphones.
Retailers have posted signs on their entrances that read, “We have no Pokemon bread,” while some store owners are ___19___ of bundling the in-demand pastries with unpopular items. Hunters camp outside supermarkets early in the morning. The rarest of stickers, such as that of the legendary characters Mew (梦幻) and Mewtwo (超梦), fetch $40 online. A full collection ___20___ more than $700, the listings show. Actual children also try to find the stickers, but adults are using their greater resources for the hunt.
Ko Hyo-jin shrieked when she ripped open a package of “Diglett Strawberry Custard Bread” recently and discovered inside a sticker of Mewtwo - a two-legged monster shown extending its paw. She immediately dialed up her husband. “It felt like winning the lottery,” said the 39-year-old homemaker in the Seoul Suburbs.
The nostalgic chase has been embraced by young adults facing Korea’s stagnant economy, soaring real-estate prices and a tight labor market.
【答案】11. F 12. D
13. J 14. I
15. E 16. K
17. C 18. A
19. G 20. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宝可梦贴纸在韩国人怀旧的童年中回归。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：郑宝兰的新爱好是追逐大批量生产的糕点、送货车和童年记忆。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，chase“追逐，追赶”为动词，应用动词的现在分词chasing的形式作补语。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的目标是售价1.2美元的烘焙食品，这些食品带有随机的口袋妖怪贴纸，在韩国的商店货架上一抢而空。设空处在句中作主语，空前为形容词性的物主代词，设空处应为名词的形式，谓语动词为are，故设空出应用复数的形式，target“目标”，应用targets做句子的主语。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查名词作定语。句意：他了解了整个社区晚上的进货时间，以便知道什么时候会有新鲜的货会出现。设空处后为名词，设空处作定语修饰名词times，restock time“补货时间”，故设空处应为restock“重新进货；再储存，备办新货”。故选J。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，这些好东西又回来了，正好赶上了这个国家更广泛的复古热潮，这是由怀念简单时光的成年人提供的。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语the goodies之间是逻辑的被动关系，feed“喂养，为……提供食物”，应用动词的过去分词的形式作状语，其形式为fed。故选I。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了实现《口袋妖怪》的宣传语“一定要抓住他们”，韩国人不遗余力，有些人甚至收集了展示小册子上的贴纸。设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，设空处应用名词的形式，固定短语go to great lengths to do sth“不遗余力地努力做某事”，设空处应用名词的复数的形式。length“长，长度；（持续）时间的长短；”其复数形式为lengths。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作非谓语，其结构为“with+宾语+宾语”，设空处和其逻辑主语之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的的形式作补语，collect“收集”，其现在分词形式为collecting。故选K。
【17题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：《口袋妖怪》最初是任天堂游戏机上的一款日本游戏，有数百个怪物角色，现在已经扩展到全球流行的动画系列、玩具和电子游戏中，包括最近大热的智能手机游戏《口袋妖怪Go》。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为Pokemon，feature为动词“以……为特色，以……为主要组成；”叙述客观事实应用一般现在时，结合主谓一致，故设空处应用动词的第三人称单数的形式features。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语，include“包含”，其现在分词的形式为including。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：零售商在入口处张贴了“我们没有口袋妖怪面包”的标语，而一些店主则被指责将热门糕点与不受欢迎的商品捆绑在一起。设空处在while引导的句子中作谓语，和句子的主语some store owners之间是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式，accuse“指责”，其动词的过去分词的形式为accused。故选G。
【20题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：清单显示，一个完整的收藏需要700多美元。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子的主语为A full collection，结合主谓一致，设空处应用动词的第三人称单数的形式；command“控制，掌管”，其第三人称单数的形式为commands。故选H。
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How Do You Know You’re Not in the Matrix
At the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas (阿奎那) is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) ____21____ source Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.
This ____22____ of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes’s (笛卡尔) methodic doubt, which many radical (激进的) skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me ____23____, and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are.
But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting ____24____ what it perceives. As D. Q. McInerny (麦克伦尼) says, “This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of ____25____”. Only when one made the judgement that “the man is small and then becomes big” world ____26____ come in. Truth and falsity do not ____27____ sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception.
Another ____28____ with Descartes’s reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must ____29____ another sense.
To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick _____30_____ immersed in water as crooked (弯曲). How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick is actually _____31_____. But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power — namely, _____32_____ — that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment.
With regard to Descartes’s example, in order to make a sound judgment about the _____33_____ of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.
However, Descartes’s recognition of the man’s small stature (身高) as _____34_____ presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, “Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them.”
So, if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the _____35_____ world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real.
21. A. external B. primary C. reliable D. alternative
22. A. disbelief B. application C. branch D. command
23. A. in no case B. out of nowhere C. by all means D. now and then
24. A. accurately B. independently C. accidentally D. considerately
25. A. philosophy B. distance C. nature D. life
26. A. analysis B. error C. change D. reflection
27. A. lead to B. serve as C. identify with D. lie in
28. A. problem B. consideration C. advantage D. perspective
29. A. abandon B. regain C. sharpen D. employ
30. A. barely B. wrongly C. partially D. completely
31. A. hollow B. straight C. thick D. bent
32. A. smell B. sight C. touch D. taste
33. A. size B. status C. age D. weight
34. A. scientific B. unusual C. reasonable D. horrifying
35. A. imaginary B. private C. contemporary D. outside
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要论述的是笛卡尔对感官知识的怀疑。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果我们的感官不是一个可靠的来源呢？A. external外部的；B. primary主要的；C. reliable可靠的；D. alternative可选择的。根据下文中的“Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn’t real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.”可知，可能我们的感官在欺骗我们，由此可知，我们的感官可能是不“可靠的”。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种对感官知识的怀疑是勒内·笛卡尔方法论怀疑的一部分，许多激进的怀疑论者都采用了这种怀疑。A. disbelief怀疑；B. application申请，运用；C. branch树枝，分支；D. command命令。根据下文中的“part of Rene Descartes’s (笛卡尔) methodic doubt”可知，此处指的是对这种感官的“怀疑”，disbelief与doubt为近义词。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：但我发现感觉有时会欺骗我，明智的做法是永远不要完全相信那些哪怕欺骗过我们一次的人。A. in no case决不；B. out of nowhere突然冒出来；C. by all means无论如何，一定；D. now and then时不时地。根据上文中的“I have found that the senses may deceive me”可知，感官可能会欺骗我们，结合下文“it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once.”可知，我们不要完全相信，由此可知，此处表示“时不时地”符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：视觉准确地报告它所感知到的东西。A. accurately准确地；B. independently独立地；C. accidentally偶然地；D. considerately体贴地。根据上文中的“But this is not deception.”可知，这不是欺骗，所以，视觉“准确地”报告了它所感觉的一切。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如D. Q. McInerny所说，“这是视觉的正常功能，为了给我一个正确的距离知识”。A. philosophy哲学；B. distance距离；C. nature自然；D. life生活。根据上文“objects at a distance look smaller than what they are”和下文中的同位语从句“that “the man is small and then becomes big” world”可知，此处应是一个有关“距离”的知识。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有当一个人做出“人先小后大”的判断时，世界上才会出现错误。A. analysis分析；B. error错误；C. change改变；D. reflection反思。根据上文中的““the man is small and then becomes big”可知，当一个人的判断是“人是小的，而后又变成大的”的时候，“错误”就出现了。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：真假不在于感官知觉，而在于判断这种知觉的事实。A. lead to导致；B. serve as充当；C. identify with认同；D. lie in在于。根据下文中的“sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception”可知，此处分辨的是真假理论，真假并不“在于”感官的感觉中，而在于判断的行为中。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：笛卡尔怀疑感官知觉的另一个问题是，他只依赖于一种感官力量。A. problem问题；B. consideration考虑；C. advantage优点；D. perspective视角，观点。根据下文中的表语从句“that he relies on only one sensory power.”可知，仅仅依赖一种感官能力，这是笛卡尔质疑感官感觉存在的另一种“问题”。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，为了测试一种感觉是否欺骗了我们，我们必须使用另一种感觉。A. abandon放弃；B. regain恢复，重新获得；C. sharpen使变得尖锐；D. employ雇佣，运用。根据上文中中的“It’s often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us”可知，为了测试一种感觉是否欺骗我们，所以我们应“运用”什么手段，所以“运用”符合语境。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我可能会认为部分浸入水中的木棍是弯曲的。A. barely仅仅、刚刚；B. wrongly错误地；C. partially部分地；D. completely完全地。根据常识和下文中的“immersed in water as crooked (弯曲).”可知，把木棍“部分地”置于水中，看上去是弯曲的。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我这样做的时候，我判断棍子实际上是直的。A. hollow中空的；B. straight直的；C. thick浓厚的；D. bent弯的。根据常识和上文中的“I may perceive the stick ____10____ immersed in water as crooked (弯曲).”以及“I pick up the stick.”可知，木棍部分在水中的时候看上去是弯曲的，而我从水中取出时，应该是“直的”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是为了对棍子做出正确的判断，我使用了另一种感官力量——即触觉——为了做出正确的判断，我必须信任它。A. smell嗅觉；B. sight视觉；C. touch触觉；D. taste味觉。根据下文中的“Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.”可知，此处指的是利用另外一种感官“触觉”做出准确的判断。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在笛卡尔的例子中，为了对走在街上的人的大小做出合理的判断，笛卡尔必须通过触觉与他人接触并测量他人，这需要信任感官知识。A. size尺寸；B. status地位；C. age年龄；D. weight重量。根据下文中的“Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.”和“the man’s small stature (身高)”可知，我们通过接触这些行人去测量行人，由此可知，此处指的是“尺寸大小”符合语境。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，笛卡尔认为这个人的身材矮小是不寻常的，这是基于他对他之前对这个人身材高大的感官体验的信任。A. scientific科学的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. reasonable合理的；D. horrifying可怕的。根据下文中的“presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man’s tall stature.”可知，假如他相信之前对这个人身材高大感官的经验的话，所以此处认为这个人身材矮小有些“不寻常”。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果相信感官知识是合理的，而且感官让我们与外部世界接触，那么我们就能更确定我们所感知的是客观真实的。A. imaginary想象的；B. private私人的；C. contemporary当代的；D. outside外面的。根据常识和上文中的“if it’s reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact”以及空后的world可知，感官是让我们与“外部的”世界接触。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Be a Better Traveler in the Over-tourism Era
Travel has become as accessible as McDonald’s, reaching a new high as global tourist arrivals reached 1.4 billion last year. In 1995, global arrivals numbered only 525 million.
As a father of two kids, I am the first to celebrate the drop in costs brought on by air-travel market liberalization, the rise of discount airlines, a revolution in accommodations thanks to the likes of and Airbnb, and mobile devices installed with the best maps and travel guides the world has ever known. I’m also happy for the retailers, hoteliers, museum keepers and others who have benefited financially from the tourism boom.
I can’t help but wonder, though, what we are actually seeing as we travel these days. More people are travelling, but many are visiting the same places. Is a forest of selfie sticks what I wanted to show my daughter at the Louvre When was the last time I set food on Prague’s main square without being elbowed a dozen times Is a trip to Barcelona complete if you have to avoid every famous location for fear of being trampled (踩踏)
Cities can not do much about this — they can’t very well close airports, force airlines to fly less frequently or increase their prices. Raising the cost of air travel, overall or to specific destination, will never be popular. Many will object it on the grounds that travel shouldn’t be just for the rich, and it’ll hurt the residents of cities troubled with over-tourism.
So what should travelers do Stay home That’s unlikely. But if you are heading for some of the world’s most popular destinations, rethink your bucket list (愿望清单). You should be open to venturing beyond the obvious. Even if you are set on visiting an iconic site, consider going at an off-peak time.
The biggest thing to keep in mind, no matter where you travel, is to be well-researched, respectful and genuinely curious about the destination. Don’t fall victim to what people call “selfie culture” and “bucket list culture”. Treat the destination as you would do to your own home - not as a “hidden gem” that you throw money at to get certain experience you feel entitled to.
36. Which of the following is NOT the cause of the drop in travelling costs according to the author
A. The rise of discount airlines.
B. The freedom to choose transport
C. The popularization of mobile devices.
D. The appearances of and Airbnb.
37. According to the passage, why might some people oppose raising the cost of air travel
A. It would result in a decrease in airport security.
B. It would lead to fewer people travelling overall.
C. It would hurt the residents of tourism-dependent cities.
D. It would encourage a “bucket list culture.”
38. What does the author mean by saying “Cities can not do much about this”
A. Facing the trouble of over-tourism, cities lack feasilbe measure.
B. Those cities as famous tourist destinations are not only for the rich.
C. Cities with over-tourism can’t deal with protests among travelers.
D. Cities with over-tourism can stop people making trips there.
39. What should people do to be a better traveler in the over-tourism era
A. Set on a journey at an on-peak time. B. Avoid visiting an iconic site
C. Raise the cost of air travel. D. Be willing to explore new sites.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在过度旅游时代，如何成为一名好的旅行者。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a father of two kids, I am the first to celebrate the drop in costs brought on by air-travel market liberalization, the rise of discount airlines, a revolution in accommodations thanks to the likes of and Airbnb, and mobile devices installed with the best maps and travel guides the world has ever known.(作为两个孩子的父亲，我是第一个庆祝航空旅行市场自由化带来的成本下降的人，打折航空公司的兴起，和Airbnb等网站带来的住宿革命，以及安装了世界上最好的地图和旅行指南的移动设备。)”可知，作者庆祝航空旅行市场自由化，打折航空公司兴起，导致旅行成本降低；和Airbnb等网站带来的住宿革命以及旅行移动设备的流行都是导致旅行成本降低的原因，只有B选项“自由选择交通方式”没有在文中提到。故选B项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many will object it on the grounds that travel shouldn’t be just for the rich, and it’ll hurt the residents of cities troubled with over-tourism.(许多人会反对，理由是旅游不应该是富人的专利，它会伤害那些被过度旅游困扰的城市居民。)”可知，很多人反对降低旅行成本，是因为很多人认为旅行不是富人的专利，也会伤害到依赖旅游业的人们。故选C项。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Cities can not do much about this — they can’t very well close airports, force airlines to fly less frequently or increase their prices. Raising the cost of air travel, overall or to specific destination, will never be popular.(城市对此无能为力——他们不能很好地关闭机场，迫使航空公司减少航班频率或提高票价。提高航空旅行的成本，无论是整体成本还是特定目的地的成本，都不会受到欢迎。)”可知，面对过度旅行，城市不能关闭机场，不能提高航空成本，甚至很多人反对，由此可知，城市缺乏可行的措施。故选A项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“You should be open to venturing beyond the obvious. Even if you are set on visiting an iconic site, consider going at an off-peak time.(你应该对探索一些显而易见的旅游景点之外的景点持开放的态度。即使你打算去参观一个标志性的景点，也要考虑在非高峰时间去。)”以及尾段中的“The biggest thing to keep in mind, no matter where you travel, is to be well-researched, respectful and genuinely curious about the destination.(无论你去哪里旅行，最重要的是要记住，对目的地进行充分的调查、尊重和真正的好奇。)”可知，在过度旅行时代，应该对目的地展开充分的调查，去探索一些景点之外的目的地。故选D项。
(B)
Teacher burnout(倦怠)and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students’ cortisol levels(皮质醇水平), which are a biological indicator of stress.
Researchers collected saliva samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students’ cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems.
“This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers,” said Eva Oberle, the study’s lead author. Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom.
Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students’ needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.
Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs. In this situation, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.
“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut” said Oberle.
“It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom,” said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study’s co-author and director of HELP. “If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage(附带损伤)of students.”
40. Paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 are intended to make it clear that _________.
A. teacher burnout is the cause of the elevated cortisol levels in students
B. the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problem
C. students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficulties
D. students’ behavioral problems contribute to teacher’s higher level of burnout
41. According to the writer, many British teachers face the problem that _________.
A. teachers are not well trained to deal with students’ problems
B. teachers’ income increases but teaching resources are cut
C. there are more students in each class and less support for teachers
D. there is a widening gap between students’ need and teachers’ ability
42. Which is the best title for the passage
A. How to Relieve Stress in the Class
B. Teacher burnout, avoidable or not
C. The Most Stressful Profession in the World
D. Students Stress and Teacher Burnout: A chicken and egg question.
【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教师的职业倦怠和学生的压力之间是有联系的。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四第一句话 “Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. (奥伯勒说，紧张的课堂气氛可能是对教师支持不足的结果，这可能会影响教师有效管理学生的能力)”以及第五段第一句话“Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs.In this situation, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.(或者，压力可能源于学生，由于焦虑、行为问题或特殊需求的增加，他们可能更难教。在这种情况下，教师可能会感到不知所措，并报告更高程度的倦怠)”可知，紧张的课堂氛围会影响老师有效的管理学生，而学生焦虑、行为问题等的增加让他们更难教，这样就会造成老师更高程度的倦怠。由此可知，第四段和第五段旨在明确学生和教师压力之间的联系是一个循环性问题。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段““Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut,” said Oberle.(奥伯勒说：“我们的研究提醒我们，随着教室规模的增加和对教师的支持的减少，教师和教育工者面临着系统性问题。”)”可知，作者认为很多英国的老师面临的问题是学生数量的增多以及对教师支持的减少。故选C。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句话“Teacher burnout(倦怠)and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. (根据不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一项研究，教师倦怠和学生压力可能有联系)”和第三段的“Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom.(事实上，学生压力和教师倦怠之间的关系是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题。目前还不知道是什么先出现的——皮质醇升高还是教师倦怠。我们认为学生和教师压力之间的联系是课堂上的一个周期性问题)”可知，文章主要介绍了根据英属哥伦比亚大学的一项研究，教师的倦怠和学生的压力可能是有关联的，但不确定哪个先造成了影响。由此可知，“学生压力与教师倦怠：一个先有鸡后还是先有蛋的问题。”适合作本文的标题。故选D。
(C)
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of all love and of reason - are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
43. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is _________.
A. an essential part of society though individual’s function is negligible
B. expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society
C. a replaceable component of society, though functioning smoothly
D. responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations
44. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________.
A. they are filled with well-founded fear of being unemployed
B. they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or being unemployed
C. they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of their independence
45. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those who _________.
A. hold well-paid and life-long jobs B. enjoy high social status and reputation
C. outperform their fellow-competitors D. stay away from over-competitiveness
46. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _________.
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. escape consumerism and embrace humanism
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. D 46. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同阶层的人持续的焦虑现状。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it.（然而，所有这些加油并不能改变这样一个事实:人已经变得无能为力，他不能全心全意地投入工作，他对工作感到厌倦。）”可知，通过“机器上润滑良好的齿轮”，作者表达了这样一个观点，即人是社会的一种可替代的组成部分，尽管运行平稳。故选C。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life.（工人和雇员都很焦虑，似乎是因为他们可能会发现自己失业，或者他们会说他们无法获得任何真正的满足感或对生活的兴趣。）”可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被剥夺了个性和独立性。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. （这种不断需要证明自己与竞争对手一样好或更好的需求，造成了持续的焦虑和压力，而这正是不快乐和疾病的根源。）”可知，真正的幸福生活属于远离竞争的人。故选D。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of all love and of reason - are the aims of social arrangements.（我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度地生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义转变为以人及其潜能——所有爱和理性的潜能——的充分发展为社会安排目标的人道主义工业主义。）”可知，为了解决目前的社会问题，作者建议为我们应该使人的潜力充分开发。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them
Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice. ________47________
A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report , which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.
________48________ The problem is the rankings themselves. They can be a counterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score.
The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students this is more an indication of student affluence than academic excellence. ________49________
U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance. ________50________ The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.
What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they’ll be prepared for a fulfilling career.
A. But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.
B. In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.
C. For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one.
D. But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.
E. The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don’t need rankings to boost their reputation or applicant pool.
F. Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.
【答案】47. F 48. A 49. B 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是大学排名是有误导性，分析了大学排名的依据以及存在的问题。
【47题详解】
分析语篇可知，此空应是引出本文话题，根据空前的“Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice.(在过去的几周里，许多高中毕业生都在打开电子邮件，询问他们是否进入了自己选择的大学。)”可知，很多学生在使用电子邮件查询自己是否进入了自己选择的大学，F选项“Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.(即使在他们这样做的同时，对公布的大学排名的批评也在增加，这些排名可能引导了他们的偏好。)”中的they指代的内容与空前的Many high school seniors一致，且引出本文讲述的大学排名的话题。故选F项。
【48题详解】
根据上段中的“Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.(克莱蒙特麦肯纳学院(Claremont McKenna College)、乔治华盛顿大学(George Washington University)和许多其他学校也调整了数据以提高排名。)”可知，很多大学通过调整数据，改变大学排名，根据空后的“The problem is the rankings themselves.(问题在于排名本身。)”可知，此处讲述的是人们使用大学排名的问题出在哪里，此处指的是问题出在排名自身，分析语篇可知，此空应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.(但排名的最终问题并不在于作弊者。)”中的the cheaters指的是上段中“A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. (几周前，坦普尔大学商学院院长因向《美国新闻与世界报道》发送虚假信息以提高该校声誉而在联邦法院被判有罪，他被判14个月监禁，这一定是虚假数据丑闻的鼻祖。)”的内容，且选项中the ultimate issue与空后的the problem相对应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A项。
【49题详解】
根据本段的主题句“The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates.(第二大因素是六年毕业率。)”可知，大学的毕业率影响大学的排名，B选项“In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.(事实上，它可能会产生不可接受的影响，使大学不愿招收更多低收入家庭的学生，以免他们的毕业率下降。)”中讲述的内容为大学不愿意招收低收入家庭的学生，担心影响他们的毕业率，与本文主题一致。故选B项。
【50题详解】
根据空前的“It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance.(它取消了学生录取率的标准之一，这导致大学在几乎没有被录取机会的情况下也大力向学生推销。)”可知，此处讲述的是取消大学录取率的评价标准，这是对大学排名做出的调整，根据空后的“The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.(该排名以校友捐款作为衡量学生对学校满意度的指标。)”可知，大学排名使用校友捐款作为衡量对学校满意度的标准，由此可知，此空处应应为过渡内容，D选项“But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.(但是在学校排名中使用的许多其他因素对学生的经历仍然没有什么意义。)”中的but表明，此空处与空前内容为转折关系，且与空后大学排名的其他因素（使用校友捐款）的内容吻合。故选D项。
第II卷
I. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
To Be A Creative Person
Without creative people, the world would be a terrible place. Can you imagine a life without art The thought alone makes me tremble. Could you be the next William Shakespeare, Steven Spielberg, or J.K. Rowling
Creative types don’t always get along well with management because they would rather march to the beat of their own drum. Most people have a strong desire to fit in, something that you don’t understand. Following the rules makes you uncomfortable. While most people are running and hiding from problems, you purposely seek them because you love nothing more than a fresh new challenge.
You wrote a blog many months ago and thought it was wonderful at the time you published it. But then you read it again later and wonder, “What on earth was I thinking ” You then identify approximately a thousand ways it could have been better and kick yourself for being so stupid. A brain lacking curiosity is not creative.
Some writers go to a country house or beach to write novels for a reason. Some atmospheres are more helpful to creativity than others. Maybe you like to pack up your laptop and go to a coffee shop, downtown bench, or under a tree at the park. Whatever the case may be, you need to know where to go to develop your creativity.
Inspiration doesn’t happen on its own. Whether it is the opening of an art gallery, a theatrical production, or live music at a downtown bar, you search for inspiration wherever you can find it. It’s nice to know you’re not alone in your desire to create. Whether a person who hates you thinks your art is bad, a family member thinks you deserve a real job, or a friend thinks your ideas will never work, and you will never give in to outside pressure.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A creative person has the following characteristics. Firstly, whatever he is doing, he will be used to acting at his own pace and take on a new demanding challenge. Secondly, he always has curiosity in his brain, constantly looking for new ideas in a new environment. Lastly, however difficult the outside world is, he will not give in. (58 words)
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括有创造力的人的三个特征，包括按照自己的节奏行事、接受新的挑战、总是有好奇心，不断地在新的环境中寻找新的想法，以及不向困难低头，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
II. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗 (sense) (汉译英)
【答案】Does it make sense (for you) to go all the way to the supermarket to buy instant noodles
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，此处应为一般疑问句，讲述的现在的情况，所以使用一般现在时，分析句意可知，该句应使用“it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语”的结构，表示“大老远跑去超市”应为go all the way to the supermarket为真正的主语，所以使用不定式形式，使用it作形式主语指代to go all the way to the supermarket；表示“买方便面”应为目的状语，所以也是不定式形式，译为to buy instant noodles；表示“有意义”应为make sense作谓语，因句子主语为it为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词使用单数形式，且为一般疑问句，应使用助动词does置于句首，谓语动词使用动词原形；可以在作真正主语的不定式前加上逻辑主语for you。故翻译为Does it make sense (for you) to go all the way to the supermarket to buy instant noodles
53. 有些地方因空气污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病，医生也束手无策。(arise) (汉译英)
【答案】Some strange diseases have arisen in some places because of air pollution, and doctors have no idea what to do / how to deal with it.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和固定句型。根据句意，该句描述的是当前的现状，所以应使用现在完成时；表示“许多奇怪的疾病”应为some strange diseases作主语，位于句首时，首字母需大写，根据句意和提示，表示“出现了”应为arise，使用现在完成时态，句子主语为复数，且arise为不及物动词动词，应为have arisen，表示“有些地方”为地点状语，应为in some places，表示“因空气污染”应为介词短语作原因状语，译为because of air pollution；表示“医生也束手无策”应转述为“医生不知道怎么处理”，结合句意可知，该句表示的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，其中“医生”为doctors作主语，表示“不知道”应为have no idea，句子主语为名词表示复数，所以此处使用动词原形，表示“如何处理”应为what to do 或者how to deal with it；分析句子可知，两句话之间为并列关系，所以使用并列连词and将两个句子连接。故翻译为Some strange diseases have arisen in some places because of air pollution, and doctors have no idea what to do / how to deal with it.
54. 这个夏天，国内和国际航空公司要么重新设计航线，要么增加航班频率，以满足不断增加的旅行需求。(or) (汉译英)
【答案】Domestic and international airlines are either redesigning routes or increasing flight frequency this summer to meet the growing demand for travel/ tourism.
【解析】
【详解】考查并列连词和动词不定式。根据句意，此处描述的这个夏天航空公司的举措，所以使用现在进行时；表示“国内和国际航空公司”应为domestic and international airlines作主语，位于句首时domestic的首字母需大写；表示“重新设计航线”应为redesign routes，表示“增加航班频率”应为increase flight frequency，用于现在进行时态，句子主语为名词复数，所以应为are redesigning routes与are increasing flight frequency；表示“要么……要么……”应为either…or…连接两个并列谓语动词，所以该句前半句译为Domestic and international airlines are either redesigning routes or increasing flight frequency；表示“这个夏天”应为this summer作时间状语；表示“以满足不断增加的旅行需求”应为不定式结构作目的状语，应为to meet the growing demand for travel/tourism。故翻译为Domestic and international airlines are either redesigning routes or increasing flight frequency this summer to meet the growing demand for travel/ tourism.
55. 你能想象吗，这支乐队的演唱会门票竟然卖到了天价，体育馆外竟然还上演了粉丝之间的全武行。(imagine) (汉译英)
【答案】Can you imagine that the concert tickets of this band were sold at an extremely high price / astronomical price / sky-high price and that there was even a fight between fans outside the stadium.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。此处主语为you，表示“想象”应用动词imagine，can后跟动词原形；后跟that引导的宾语从句；从句表示“这支乐队的演唱会门票”主语为the concert tickets of this band；表示“售卖”应用动词sell，与主语构成被动关系；表示“天价”翻译为at an extremely high price / astronomical price / sky-high price；第二句宾语从句为there be句型；表示“粉丝之间的全武行”应用a fight between fans；表示“体育馆外”应用outside the stadium。结合语境可知为一般过去时。故翻译为Can you imagine that the concert tickets of this band were sold at an extremely high price / astronomical price / sky-high price and that there was even a fight between fans outside the stadium.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是李敏，在一本英文旅游杂志上，你发现了这样一条信息：某古城景区对当地人 收费5美元,对外国人收费15美元,针对这一情况，请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封 信，具体要求如下：
1. 介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容；
2. 针对此事自己的态度以及理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear editor,
I’m a student and my name is Li Min. I’m writing this letter to reflect upon my concerns about a piece of tourism information in your magazine. According to the information on admission ticket,the high-profile attraction “Ancient City” charges a $15 entrance fee per foreign tourist—amazingly three fold that of the locals. I contend that this practice is quite unreasonable. First and foremost, as for the foreign tourists coming from afar, the striking difference in entrance fee may result in resentment of unfairness. Furthermore, if foreign tourists realize that they will have to pay much more to visit a worldwide historical and cultural relics, they would perhaps decide not to go to the country on vacation. To sum up, every effort should be made to attract tourists from overseas and to promote cultural relics.
Thank you for your time and reading. I really appreciate your response at your convenience.
Best regards,
Yours sincerely,
Li Min
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以李敏的口吻给杂志编辑写一封信。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容；
2. 针对此事自己的态度以及理由。
第二步:列提纲
reflect upon，amazingly，contend，first and foremost，result in，furthermore，decide to do，to sum up，make effort，appreciate，at your earliest convenience
第三步：连词成句
1.I’m writing this letter to reflect upon my concerns about a piece of tourism information in your magazine.
2.According to the information on admission ticket, the high-profile attraction “Ancient City” charges a $15 entrance fee per foreign tourist—amazingly three fold that of the locals.
3.I contend that this practice is quite unreasonable.
4.First and foremost, as for the foreign tourists coming from afar, the striking difference in entrance fee may result in resentment of unfairness.
5.Furthermore, if foreign tourists realize that they will have to pay much more to visit a worldwide historical and cultural relics, they would perhaps decide not to go to the country on vacation.
6.To sum up, every effort should be made to attract tourists from overseas and to promote cultural relics.
7.I really appreciate your response at your convenience.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：First and foremost ,Furthermore
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… （供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】[高分句型1] Furthermore, if foreign tourists realize that they would have to pay much more to visit a worldwide historical and cultural relics, they would perhaps decide not to go to the country on vacation.（使用了条件状语从句，宾语从句和不定式作宾语）
[高分句型2]To sum up, every effort should be made to attract tourists from overseas and to promote cultural relics.（使用了被动语态和不定式短语作目的状语）

展开更多......

收起↑