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2024年初中英语语法主谓一致之语法一致与邻近一致原则
主谓一致的原则一： 语法一致原则
　　语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致， 即通常情况下， 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定， 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式， 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。例如： He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。
　　　　掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则， 要注意两个特殊问题：
　　(1)主语前、 后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响， 尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时， 谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。例如： Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会。// A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。// Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外， 没人知道这件事。
　　(2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时， 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物， 谓语动词用复数形式； 如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)， 谓语动词需用单数形式。例如： What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。// The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。// A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。// Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
　　注意： 对于由and连接的并列主语， 前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时， 谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如： Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。// Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。// Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。// No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。// No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。
　　［1］ We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant.
　　A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
　　［答案］ A
　　［解析］ 决定下划线处谓语动词单、 复数形式的主语应是the time， 其后面定语“of days and weeks”包含的复数名词对谓语动词的形式不构成影响。
　　［2］ The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
　　A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going
　　［答案］ C
　　［解析］ 下划线处与单数形式的主语the father搭配， 不受as well as his three children的影响， 因此应排除选项B、 D。根据状语“every Sunday afternoon in winter”提供的信息， 下划线处应该用一般现在时表示与现在相关的经常性活动， 因此应进一步排除A而选出C。
　　［3］ Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
　　A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
　　［答案］ C
　　［解析］ 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语Professor Smith决定， 不受插入语along with his assistants的影响。
　　［4］ The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
　　A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
　　［答案］ A
　　［解析］ 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语the teacher决定， 不受插入语with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class的影响， 根据本题语境应采用过去进行时表示地震发生时教师正在游览博物馆， 所以本题只能填入was。
　　［5］ A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift.
　　A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
　　［答案］ A
　　［解析］ 要表示被动的“被赠与”的动作应采用“be＋过去分词”的形式， 又因为谓语动词的单复数形式由主语a library决定， 不受作为定语的修饰成分with five thousand books的影响， 所以本题只能填入is offered。
　　［6］ A poet and artist ____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
　　A. is B. are C. was D. were
　　［答案］ A
　　［解析］ 主语a poet and artist为单数含义， 指“一位诗人兼画家”， 因此应排除复数形式的选项B、 D； 根据状语“tomorrow afternoon”所提供的信息， 主语所从事的活动应用“is (coming)”的形式表示， 因此应进一步排除C而选出A。
　　［7］ ____ parents say and do has a life-long affect on their children.
　　A. That B. Which C. What D. As
［答案］ C
主谓一致的原则三： 邻近一致原则
　　邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的人称和数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。这一原则在高考中主要体现在以下两个方面：
　　1. 由or等连词连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。
　　主语是由or, either ... or ..., nor, neither ... nor ..., whether ... or ..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also ... 等连接的并列主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定， 例如： One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。// What I say or what I think is no business of yours. 我所说的或者我所想的与你们没关系。// Neither I nor he is to blame. 我和他都不该受责备。// Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。// Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你， 而是你父亲该受责备。// Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了， 他也错了。// Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change. 不仅老师， 而且他的学生都反对这种改变。
　　2. “there/here be”句型中的主谓一致问题。
　　“there/here be”句型中真正的主语在be之后， 如果there/here be后存在并列的主语， 系动词be应与它相邻的主语保持一致， 例如： There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。// Here are some apples and bread for you. 这些苹果和面包是给你的。
　　［］ Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. (1989)
　　A. is B. are C. am D. be
　　［答案］ B
　　［解析］ 依照邻近一致原则， 应以并列主语中最靠近谓语动词的部分Jane and Mary(复数形式)决定谓语动词的形式。
　　
本章补充强化训练题
　　1. More than one person ____ late for class this morning.
　　A. are B. was C. is D. were
　　2. My friend and classmate Paul ____ motorcycles in his spare time.
　　A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing
　　3. Climbing hills ____ of great help to health.
　　A. is B. are C. were D. be
　　4. The injured ____ good care of by some medical teams.
　　A. is taken B. are being taken
　　C. are taking D. is being taken
　　5. The factory, including its machines and buildings, ____ burnt last night.
　　A. is B. are C. were D. was
　　6. Now Tom together with his classmates ____ football on the playground.
　　A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing
　　7. Time and tide ____ for no man.
　　A. wait B. waited C. is waiting D. has waited
　　8. The singer and dancer ____ come to our school.
　　A. have B. has C. were D. was
　　9. How and why Jack came to China ____ not known. And when and where to build the new library ____ not been decided.
　　A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; have
　　10. Each man and each woman ____ asked to help when the fire broke out.
　　A. is B. was C. are D. were
　　11. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child ____ about it.
　　A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks
　　12. Two hundred and fifty pounds ____ too unreasonable a price for a second’hand car.
　　A. is B. are C. were D. be
　　13. About 60 percent of the students ____ from the south; the rest of them ____ from the north or foreign countries.
　　A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are
　　14. All but Dick ____ in Class Three this term.
　　A. are B. is C. were D. was
　　15. Not only I but also everyone else ____ so.
　　A. say B. says C. have said D. has say
　　16. Either you or he ____ interested in playing chess. ____ you or he fond of music at present
　　A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is
　　17. We each ____ strong points and each of us on the other hand ____ weak points.
　　A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has
　　18. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that ____ us excited.
　　A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made
　　19. There ____ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.
　　A. are B. is C. has D. have
　　本章补充强化训练题参考答案
　　1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B
　　11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B

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