资源简介

国际音标：
国际音标48个，元音20个，辅音28个
发音时声带振动，气流不受阻碍的是元音，分为单元音（12）和双元音（8），其中单元音又可分为前元音（4），中元音（3）和后元音（5）
发音时声带可以振动，也可以不振动的，但气流受到阻碍的是辅音，其中，声带振动的叫浊辅音，声带不振动的叫清辅音。
前元音(4个)：发音的主要器官，即舌的活动部位在口腔前部。
[i:]—e(me,he,she,we)
ee(bee,meet,street,see,sweet)
ea(eat,meat,please,read,clean)
[i]—i(it,is,fish,miss,thin,pin,Jim)
--y(gym,pity,city)
[e]—e(get,beg,never,let,rest,Ben,wet)
--ea(sweat,dead,bread,heaven,head)
[ ]—a(bad,bag,man,flag,hand,cat,rat)
中元音(3个)：发音时舌的活动部位是在口腔的中部。
[ ] —u(cup,bus,much,lunch)
--o(son,honey,money)
--ou(enough, young)
[ :]—ir(bird,girl,dirty,shirt)
--ur(church,nurse)
--or(work,worm,word)
--er(verb，her,person,service)
--ear(early,earth)
[ ] --er(worker,teacher,sister,brother)
--a(about,arrive,among)
--其他（sugar,doctor,famous,beggar）
后元音（5个）：用舌的后部感觉发音
[u:] — oo (fool, food,cool, school, room)
— ou (soup, group)
o (do, who)
[u] — oo (good,book,look,cook, foot)
— u (put, push, sugar, pudding)
— ou (could, would, should)
[ :] — or(Ford, born, sport, horse, short)
all(all, tall, fall, wall,talk)
aw (law, draw)
au (Paul)
augh (taught, caught)
ough (bought, fought)
[ ] — o (job, clock,long,song, shop, stop ,dog, boss,hot)
— a (watch, water)
[a:] — ar (car，star，park, farm, dark, party, start)
a (fast, father)
ear(heart)
al (half)
元音音标分为单元音和双元音
单元音分为：
前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ]
中元音：[ ] [ : ] [ ]
后元音：[ a: ] [ ] [ : ] [ u ] [ u: ]
双元音（由两个单元音组成, 共8个）：
[ ei ] —— a（take,save,face,make,cake）
—— ay (play, day, way, pay)
—— ai (wait,rain)
—— ea (break, great)
[ u] —— o (go, no, joke, cold, close, home)
—— oa (coat, soap, boat, road)
—— ow (window, snow, show, know, low)
[ai]—— i(time, fine, five, kite, like, wife)
——igh(high, night, light, bright, fight, tight牢固)
—— y (cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply)
—— ie(die, lie, tie)
—— ye（eye, bye, dye染色）
[au] —— ou(about, around, found, mouse,loudly,shout)
—— ow(down, crowd, town, brown, now, how, allow)
[ i] —— oi (oil, boil, voice, choice, noise可数名词)
—— oy (boy, enjoy, annoy打扰, toy)
[i ] —— ear ( dear, hear, clear, beard )
—— ea ( idea, theare )
—— ere ( here, mere )
—— eer ( beer, engineer )
[ε ] —— are ( care, share, hare, fare )
—— air ( air, fair, chair )
[u ] —— ur （tour, sure, tourist, cure, pure）
辅音：分为清辅音和浊辅音（根据声带震动与否分为清辅音和浊辅音。）
清辅音：[p][t][k][f][s](发音时声带不振动的是清辅音)
浊辅音：[b][d][g][v][z]（发音时声带振动的是浊辅音）
辅音：根据发音部位或发音方法的不同分为：(共28个)
爆破音（6个）：[p][b][t][d][k][g]
摩擦音(10个)：[f][v][θ][ ][s][z][ ][ ] [h] [r]
破擦音(6个)：[t ][d ][tr][dr][ts][dz]
鼻音(3个)：[m][n][ ]
边音(1个)：[l]
半元音(2个)：[j][w]
清浊两种发音：（成对的）
清 浊
[p] [b]
[t] [d]
[k] [g]
[f] [v]
[s] [z]
（不成对的）：[m][n][ ][l][j][w][h]
爆破音：[p][b][t][d][k][g](在发音过程中，由双唇形成阻碍，使气流短时间内不能通过，气流克服这种阻碍冲出口腔发出的音叫做爆破音。)
[p] pea pat hope
[b] bee bat lab
eg. The bad person is putting a big box on a bus.
[t] tie tear let bat cat
[d] die dear led bad glad
eg. A cat is running after a duck.
[k] pick back Kate key
[g] pig bag gate god
eg. I pat the fat pig on its back.
A cat and a bee are in the lab.
My key is in my bag.
清浊清浊清浊清浊清浊
摩擦音：[f][v][θ][ ][s][z][ ][ ] [h] [r]
（在发音过程中，发音部位唇、舌与上鄂的接近形成间隙，气流通过的时候产生的摩擦叫摩擦音。）
[f] foot life fly fast
[v]move five value vase
eg. My father likes the vase very much.
[θ] third worth breath both thank
[ ] though this that cloth than
eg. The mother is helping the baby take a bath.
Singing is a good thing.
[s]face Sue loose pass
[z] nose zoo lose vase
eg. Your nose is on your face.
Sue is in the zoo.
[ ] ship fish
[ ] pleasure messure
eg. It’s a great pleasure for me to visit your ship.
[h] hill head hit hat horse house
eg. He hopes to have brown hair.
[r] rest rug rat read road
eg. A red rat is running around.
[θ] thank thumb path mouth thick
[s] sank sum pass mouse sick
清 浊 清 浊 清 浊
破擦音： [t ][d ][tr][dr][ts][dz]
(破擦音由一个爆破音和一个摩擦音组成。)
[t ]– ch (church ，child ，lunch，chair）
[d ] – j (just ，jug，job ，joke ，jam）
ge （page，large，stage，judge）
eg. A child is having lunch in the church.
There is some jam in the large jug.
They are playing a joke on this child.
[tr] - tr (tree , try , trust, train)
[dr] - dr (dream, dry, drug, drop, drive)
eg. I try to trust you.
I drive a car in the dream.
[ts]– ts （cats, bats, hats） 清辅音
[dz] - ds (beds, lids, kids) 浊辅音
eg. There are two cats under the beds.
The kids are wearing hats.
鼻辅音：
浊[m]– map, jam, must, mum
浊[n] – nose, not, pen, man, woman, ten
浊[ ] – thing, strong, king, finger, bring, song, singing
eg. Songs for singing.
Bells for ringing.
I bring these things.
边音(1个)：
浊[l] – look, late, colour, light, lunch, last (清晰音)
- tell, ill, table, fall, bottle (模糊音)
eg. What a good meal!
Let him in.
Be careful!
Turn on the light.
半元音(2个)：(气流受到发音器官阻碍很小。)
浊[j]– y （yet, yellow, yes）
浊[w] – w (west, wet, word)
比较容易混淆的音：
[t ] - chip chick cheat chuck
[tr] - trip trick treat truck
[d ] - jug jet jeep job
[dr] - drug dress dream drop
[s] - less nurse bus
[ts] - let’s shirts skirts
[z] - nose boxes lose zoo
[dz] - beds cards hands
[n] - thin ban sun
[ ] - thing bang sung
[w] - west wet word
[v] - vest vet verb

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