2024年中考英语备考 代词的分类与用法

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2024年中考英语备考 代词的分类与用法

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2024年中考英语备考:代词的分类与用法
  代词可以分为下列九类:
  1. 人称代词:
  They are my school mates. 他们是校友。
  2. 物主代词:
  Our neighbours have great concern for each other. 我们的邻居都相互非常关心。
  3. 反身代词:
  Take good care of yourselves. 好好保重。
  4. 相互代词:
  We should help each other(learn from one another). 我们应互相帮助(向彼此学习)。
  5. 指示代词:
  Who are these people 这些人是谁?
  6. 疑问代词:
  What are you doing 你们在干什么?
  7. 关系代词:
  She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 她嫁给托尼 哈勃,他也是个学生。
  8. 连接代词:
  Do you know who did it 你知道这是谁干的吗
  9. 不定代词:
  Do you know anything about it 你对此有何了解?
  代词是非常活跃的词,日常口语中用得很多。有些代词,特别是不定代词,比较难用,对它们不可以掉以轻心。
  Exercises:
  I. 在下面句子中的代词下划线:
  1. Who did she meet while she was at the university
  2. Were they successful in their work
  3. I hope to become a singer some day.
  4. Our company can build a house for you in six weeks.
  5. Was anybody hurt Fortunately nobody was hurt.
  6. Where’s your car now It’s being repaired.
  7. They understand each other, but I don’t understand them.
  8. We can get quite cheap ones. Some of them are very good.
  9. What’s that It’s a lamp shade.
  10. For many years they looked after one another.
  II. 在下面对话中的代词下划线:
  A: Could you tell me how to use this cassette recorder
  B: OK. First of all, you have to plug it into the power supply. Once you have done that, you don’t need to switch on anything.
  A: How do you open it
  B: Well, you have to press the little button that says cassette.
  A: This one here
  B: That’s right. That’s it.
  A: Like that
  B: Yeah. After you’ve done that, you load the cassette. Then you press the start button... that one there.
  A: That one on the right
B: Yeah, that’s it. That’s all you have to do. Be careful not to press the record switch, because if you do, you’ll wipe off whatever is on the tape.
物主代词
  形容词型的物主代词只能作定语,如:
  This is my(our)room and that is her(their)room. 这是我(们)的房间,那是她(他们)的房间。
  名词型的物主代词在句中可用作表语、主语、宾语:
  This book is mine, and that one is yours(hers). 这本书是我的,那一本是你(她)的。
  Their apartment is bigger than ours(yours). 他们的住房比我们(你们)的大。
  Let’s clean your room first, and ours(his)later. 咱们先打扫你的房间,再打扫我们(他)的房间。
反身代词
  反身代词有下面这些:
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
在句中可作:
  1)宾语或介词宾语:
  Did you enjoy yourself at the party 晚会上玩得好吗?
  Let me tell you a little about myself. 让我给你谈谈我自己的情况。
  2)表语:
  I am not quite myself these days. 近来我身体不太舒服。
  3)同位语:
  The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。
  You can go and ask her yourself. 你可以自己去问他。
   指示代词:
  指示代词主要是this, that, these, those,在句中可用作:
  1)主语:
  This(That)is my office. 这(那)是我的办公室。
  These(Those)are the problems we want to discuss. 这(那)些都是我们想讨论的问题。
  2)宾语:
  Put this(that)on the upper shelf. 把这(那)放在上一格上。
  3)表语:
  The major difficulties are these. 主要的困难就是这些。
  也可用作定语(有字典把它标作形容词):
  For these reasons they decided to stay. 为了这些原因他们决定留下。
疑问代词
  1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的:
  Who is calling 谁打电话来?
  Whom do you want to speak to 你想找谁接电话?
  作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少:
  Who did you mean 你指的是谁?
  Who are you talking about 你们在讲谁?
  直接跟在介词后时只能用whom:
  With whom did you come 你和谁一道来的?
  (口语中说“Who did you come with 时更多一些。)
  2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作:
  1)主语:
  What’s your address 你的地址怎样写?
  Whose is better 谁的好一些?
  Which of these is yours 哪一本是你的?
  2)宾语:
  What do you mean 你是什么意思?
  Which do you like better 哪一个你更喜欢一些?
  Whose have you chosen 你选了谁的?
  3)表语:
  What’s her name 她叫什么名字?
  Whose is it 这是谁的?
  4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词):
  What time does the train leave 这列火车什么时候离开?
  Which room shall we stay in 我们住哪间房?
Whose passport is this 这是谁的护照?
疑问代词
  1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的:
  Who is calling 谁打电话来?
  Whom do you want to speak to 你想找谁接电话?
  作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少:
  Who did you mean 你指的是谁?
  Who are you talking about 你们在讲谁?
  直接跟在介词后时只能用whom:
  With whom did you come 你和谁一道来的?
  (口语中说“Who did you come with 时更多一些。)
  2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作:
  1)主语:
  What’s your address 你的地址怎样写?
  Whose is better 谁的好一些?
  Which of these is yours 哪一本是你的?
  2)宾语:
  What do you mean 你是什么意思?
  Which do you like better 哪一个你更喜欢一些?
  Whose have you chosen 你选了谁的?
  3)表语:
  What’s her name 她叫什么名字?
  Whose is it 这是谁的?
  4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词):
  What time does the train leave 这列火车什么时候离开?
  Which room shall we stay in 我们住哪间房?
  Whose passport is this 这是谁的护照?
不定代词
  1. 英语中不定代词很多,主要有:
  1)both, either, neither
  2)all, every, everybody, everyone, everything, each;
  3)one, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, none, no, nobody, nothing;
  4)some, any, somebody, anybody, something, anything;
  5)little, few, much, many;
  6)other, another。
  它们多数都能作主语,宾语,表语或定语。有些只能作主语,宾语,表语。
  小贴士:every, no只能作定语。作定语时,有些词典把它们标作形容词,有些标作限定词。
  2. both, neither和either:
  这几个代词都谈两者的情况。both表示“两者都…”,neither表示“两者都不…”,either表示“两者中随便哪个(都)”。它们在句中可作:
  1)主语:
  Both(of them)are good. (它们)两个都很好。
  Neither(of the answers)is correct. 两个(回答)都不对。
  Either(of the words)will do. 两个(词)都可以用。
  2)宾语或复合宾语:
  I’ll have both. 两者我都要。
  I’ll have neither. 两者我都不要。
  I don’t agree with either of you. 你们两人的话我都不同意。
  3)定语:
  Both seats are taken. 两个座位都有人坐了。
  Neither seat is good. 两个座位都不好。
  Either seat will do. 两个座位随便哪个都行。
  both还可作同位语:
  They both agreed to stay. 他们两人都同意留下。

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