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2024年高考英语复习之定语从句用法归纳
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。
The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。
This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。
Could you explain the reason why you were late 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。
A doctor is a personwholooks aftera patient.
先行词 主语　 谓语　宾语
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略。
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher 正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
关系副词的用法
This is the factorywheremy fatherworks.
先行词 地点状语 主语 谓语
句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。
1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reason一词。
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就读的学校。
定语从句解题技巧
Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.
主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program
从句：which is popular among the young people
先行词：TV program
关系代词：which
因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如：what。
在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。
（1）一看指人还是物
先行词指人：that,who, whose, whom
先行词指物：that, which, whose
（2）二看句中作何用
主语 who(人), which（物）, that（人/物）
宾语 who/whom(人), which（物）, that（人/物）
定语 whose（人/物）
状语 where(地点), when（时间）, why（原因）
如：My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 先行词(the stories)指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/that。
如：He is the boy ______ I talked with just now. 先行词（the boy）指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填。
如：What‘s the name of the girl ______ father is a doctor？先行词(the girl)指人,关系词在从句中作定语,可用关系代词whose。
如：I still remember the day ________ our new school was built. 从句中不缺成分,先行词（the day）指时间,关系词在从句中作状语,可用关系副词when。
（3）看是否是特殊情况：
关系词只能用that的几种情况
①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。如：
Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如：
This is the only book that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。
⑤当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best 哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆
关系词只能用which的几种情况:
①关系代词放在介词之后。如：
This is the factory in which we once worked. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。
②非限制性定语从句中。如：
This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。
③that， those作主语时。如：
Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英语书。
用who而不用that的情况:
①当先行词为people和those时，只能用who。如：
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
②当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，只能用who。如：
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
定语从句解题步骤：
1 找定语从句中的谓语动词；
例句：I am looking forward to the day __________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
2 观察从句中的谓语动词是否缺少主语或宾语，或介词后是否缺少宾语；
can read的前后主语，宾语都不缺，直接在不缺中找答案就可以了
3 缺，填which；who；that；whom；（as多用于固定搭配）
不缺，填when；where；why；whose
4 再确定主句中的先行词，确定关系词
先行词是the day，填when就可以了
再看一个题
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
解题：从句中谓语动词是are built，缺主语，在which，who，that，whom中选择，先行词是streets and houses，不是人，填that/which即可
再来一个
Among the many dangers ______ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
解题：从句中的谓语动词是have to face，face后缺宾语，在which，who，that，whom中选择，先行词是dangers，不是人，填that/which即可
再来一个
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
解题：从句中的谓语动词是live，live是不及物动词，不缺宾语，也不缺主语，在when，where，why，whose中选择，先行词是environment，指地点，填where
练一练：
1.—What shall we do next
—Take the advice________ is given by Dr. Bloch.
A. who B. which C. whose
【答案】B
【解析】先行词advice，指物，关系代词应用which.
2.Mr. Smith _______ is smoking is looking for______he lost yesterday.
A. whom; which B. who; what
C. that; who D. which; where
【答案】B
【解析】先行词Mr. Smith指人，关系词在从句中做主语，关系代词应用who; 在寻找他昨天丢失的物体，从选项来看，关系代词应用what.
3.Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (时代).
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
【答案】A
【解析】从句子结构来看先行词Steve Jobs，指人，且作主语。关系代词应用who.
4.---Do you know the girl ______ is talking to the headmaster over there
---Of course. She is my sister.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
【答案】A
【解析】选A。考查考查定语从句。先行词是the girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。
5. Foshan is a city has a very long his tory.
A wh ose B. w hich C. w ho
【答案】B
【解析】先行词是Foshan，是地方，引导词用which.
6.The Palace Museum is the best place ______ I’ve ever visited.
A. who B. when C. that
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是The Palace Museum，指物，且在定语从句中做visited的宾语，因此选C。
7.--- Do you know the girl_____ is helping the old woman.
-Oh, that's my sister,
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是the girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。
8.—Do you know the lady ______is talking with Mr. Smith
—Yes, she’s our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.
A. who B. which C. whom
【答案】A
【解析】选A。先行词是the lady，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。
9.I was looking for the pen _____ I bought yesterday when you called me.
A. who B. where C. which D. what
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查定语从句引导词。先行词是the pen名词，用which代替。what不能作定语从句的引导词。
10.Please pass me the cartoon book ______ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
【答案】D
【解析】选D。考查定语从句引导词。先行词是the carton book, 名词，用which代替。
11.I like the friends _____ to do the same things as me so that we can communicate better with each other.
A. who likes B. what like C. who like
【答案】 C
【解析】选C。先行词是the friends，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who, 由于friends是复数，谓语动词用原形。
12.There will be a flower show in the park ____ we visited last week.
A. who B. when C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the park是“物，在定语从句中充当的是visited的宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，故选D.
13.Most studentslike the teachersunderstand them well
A. who B. when C. what D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the teachers是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，故选A.
14.Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher gave her love to her students in danger.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the most beautiful teacher是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，同时先行词受到形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that来引导，故选B.
15.The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A. whose B. when C. who D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词dictionary是“物”，在定语从句中充当的是宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，故选D.
16.“What do you think of the school uniforms ” “Very good. I like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.”
A. that B. what C. who
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词clothes是物，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导。根据句意：你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好，我喜欢让我穿着舒服的衣服。故选A.
17.—What are you looking for
—I'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the ring”表示“物”，故定语从句的引导词用that或which，故选A。
18.Robert is just one young overseas Chinese ________ has come to visit his ancestor's homeland.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句修饰的先行词“one young overseas Chinese”表示的是“一个年轻的海外华人”，所以定语从句的引导词用that或who，故选A.
19.— What are you looking for

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