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Lesson 25The Cutty Sark
Part 1: Text
One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steam-ships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era. The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the equator , the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.impressive [im'presiv] a.给人深刻印象的
2.steamship ['sti:m ip] n.蒸汽轮船
3.vessel ['vesl] n.轮船，大木船
4.era ['i r ] n.时期，时代
5.Java ['d v ] n.爪哇(印度尼西亚一岛)
6.rudder ['rud ] n.舵
7.roll [r ul] v.颠簸，摇摆
8.steer [sti ] v.掌握方向
9.temporary ['temp r ri] a.临时的
10.plank [pl k] n.大块木板
11.fit [fit] v.安装
12.Equator [i'kweit ] n.赤道
13.delay [di'lei] v.] n.耽误
★impressive [im'presiv] a.给人深刻印象的
an impressive scene 难忘的场面
an impressive speech 感人的演说
例：The first ceremony which we went into college is an impressive ceremony.
我们进入大学的第一次典礼给我们的印象很深。
★steamship ['sti:m ip] n.蒸汽轮船
We saw that there was an oncoming steamship on the river.
我们看到河面上有一艘汽轮正在向这边驶来。
steamer 汽船
★vessel ['vesl] n.轮船，大木船
a small vessel 小船
trip in a vessel 乘船旅行
例：There are some fishing vessels in the harbor.
港湾里有许多渔船。
★era ['i r ] n.时期，时代
bring in an era 迎来一个时代
create（open up） an era 开创一个时代
例：We are living in the information era.
我们生活在信息时代。
★rudder ['rud ] n.舵
rudder lever 舵杆
full rudder 满舵
例：The wood rudder of the ship was broken.
船的木头舵坏了
★roll [r ul] v.颠簸，摇摆
1.n. 卷；滚动；名单；压路机；颤音；圆形物，面包卷
read the roll in school 在学校里点名
a roll of paper 一卷纸
2.v. 摇摆；滚
roll a pencil 旋转笔
roll out one's words 用流畅的声音说话
★steer [sti ] v.掌握方向
steer one's course to 向…驶去
steer the handle 掌舵,驾驶
例：她熟练地驾驶着汽车。She steered the car skillfully.
★temporary ['temp r ri] a.临时的
临时工作 temporary job
临时工 temporary worker
例：They just reached a temporary agreement.
他们只是达成一个临时协议。
注意区分：
contemporary adj. 当代的，同时代的，同年龄的
contemporary art 当代艺术
contemporary literature 现代文学
contemporary western philosophy 当代西方哲学
同义词：transient adj.短暂的，瞬时的
transient happiness 短暂的快乐
★plank [pl k] n.大块木板
deck plank 甲板; 桥面; 送料...
thick plank 厚板
★fit [fit] v.安装
1.adj. 适宜的；合适的；健康的
keep fit 保持健康
as fit as a fiddle 感觉良好
2.v. 适合；安装
fit in (v.+adv.) 相处融洽,合得来
fit in with (v.+adv.+prep.) 适合,适应,符合,与…一致
★Equator [i'kweit ] n.赤道
thermal equator 热赤道
dip equator 磁赤道
南/北极 the South/North Pole
太阳系 solar system
八大行星（planet）
水星 Mercury
金星 Venus
地球 Earth
火星 Mars
木星 Jupiter
土星 Saturn
天王星 Uranus
海王星 Neptune
★delay [di'lei] v.] n.耽误
1.n. 名词 without delay 毫不延迟地，立即地
He finished his homework without delay。
2. V. 耽搁
delay one's trip 耽误某人的旅行
delay one's work 耽误工作
Part 3: Notes on the text
★One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.
1.one of the +名次复数，意思是·····之一
2. 被动语态的使用
3.thousands of+名次复数，数以千计的
★She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
1.serve as =act as 担任，充当，起…作用
He serves as a leader of our group.
2.the past 过去，过往
★Before they were replaced by steam-ships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.
1.replace 更换，代替；把···放回原处
be replaced 被更换，被代替
replace the old with the new 以旧换新
replace the book to the shelf 把书放回书架
2.be used to 被用来做·····
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
★The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.
1.match 与···想配，相匹敌
1）match in/for
Nobody can match him in running.
2）What a match！非常配！
2. set out 出发
set out to··· 出发去做某事
set out from 从哪里出发
★This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind.It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
which内容用来解释this race，可省略，不影响句子含义
the end of ···的结束
the beginning of ····的开始
★The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead.
take the lead –lose the lead
Take over the lead 取得领先地位
In the lead 处于领先地位（表示状态）
★It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.
1.It seemed that····· 似乎····好像
2.be struck by a very heavy rain/ storm遇到了大雨/雪
=be caught by a very heavy rain/ storm
3.tear away =destroyed= pull down 摧毁，推翻
形势变化 v.tear—tore—torn
Tear down 拆掉，拆除
The newly built park was tore down yesterday.
★The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty.
1.from side to side 从一边到另一边
2.be fit with··适合，配合
★Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the equator , the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.
1.because of 因为; 由于（说明）
①because of是复合介词，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或由what引导的从句（但不是直接接从句）。
②because of一般引导状语，不引导表语；但当主语是代词时，because of短语在句中可用作表语
2.call in/ at 船停靠/ 人拜访
I will call in at my friend’s home as soon as I am free.
★Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.considering that 考虑到，估计到，后面接句子
there is no doubt that+从句 毫无疑问的
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
被动语态的使用
语法课堂-被动语态
重点句式：
Cosidering that+从句
There is no doubt that+从句
because of 的用法
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 25单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.重点词记忆
3.练习总结课文

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