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Lesson 51Reward for virtue
Part 1: Text
Why did the writer not get off the bus at Woodford Green
My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
Part 2: New words and expressions
1 reward [ri'w :d] n.报偿
2 virtue ['v :t u:] n.美德
3 diet ['dai t] n.节食
4 forbid [f 'bid] v.禁止
5 hurriedly ['h ridli] ad.匆忙地
6 embarrass [im'b r s] v.使尴尬
7 guiltily ['giltili] ad.内疚地
8 strict [strikt] a.严格的
9 reward [ri'w :d] v.给奖赏
10 occasionally [ 'kei n li] ad.偶尔地
★reward n. 报偿；v. 给奖赏
1. give sb. reward 给……报偿
I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English .
当自己的英文表现不错时，给自己奖赏或好好吃一顿
2.as a reward for 作为对…的回报
I had a sense of accomplishment([[ ‘k mpl m( )nt]成就)because I had worked hard to deserve the new game as a reward for my efforts.
我有一种成就感，因为我努力了，应该得到那个电脑游戏盘，这是对我付出的一种奖励。
3.reward sb. with sth. 用……奖赏...
I reward him with money for helping me repair my computer.
我给了他钱作为他帮我修电脑的回报。
4.reward sb. for sth. 因为……给某人奖赏，回报
他因为拿了第一名而受到奖赏。
He was rewarded for the first prize.
How can I reward you for your kindness
我怎么报答你的好意呢？
★virtue n. 美德
Virtue is its own reward.
[谚语]有德便是有报；为善最乐。
a man of virtue有美德的男人
Honesty is a virtue.诚实是一种美德
lead a life of virtue. 过着高尚的生活
A virtue of this plan is that it should help us find out the answer.
这项计划的一个优点就是，它应该会有助于我们找到答案。
★diet ['dai t]
1.n. 饮食；食物；规定饮食
go on a diet =be on a diet 实行节食
2.vi. 节食
She has dieted off five pounds. 她用节食减轻了五磅。
We must diet and take more exercise. 我们必须节食并多锻炼。
3.vt. [医] 照规定饮食
No dessert for me, thanks, I'm dieting. 请别给我甜食，我正在按规定进食。
a balanced diet 均衡饮食
★forbid （forbade，forbidden） v.禁止
1.forbid/ allow sb. to do sth. 禁止/允许某人做某事
2.Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市) ；
Forbidden fruit 禁果
It is forbidden to smoke in this room.禁止在本室吸烟。
I forbid you the house.我不准你进入房子。
She forbade her children sweets.
她不准她的孩子们吃糖。
Wine is absolutely forbidden to all the children.
绝对禁止任何孩子喝酒。
Parking forbidden 禁止停车
★embarrass v. 使尴
1.sth. embarrass sb.……让……感到尴尬
His bad table manners embarrassed her.
他的不雅的吃相使她很尴尬
2.Don’t embarrass me别让我尴尬
embarrass sb. in public当众使某人尴尬
The shy girl embarrasses easily .那害羞的女孩很容易发窘。
3.embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬
an embarrassing situation 使人尴尬的处境
embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬
She felt embarrassed . 她感到很尴尬。
4.embarrassment n. 尴尬
To my embarrassment…让我感到尴尬的是……
★guiltily adv. 内疚地
1.'It 's my fault . 'he said guiltily“ 这是我的错”他内疚地说。
I took guiltily , lit it and smoked with satisfaction.
我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。
2. guilt 罪行
guiltily 有罪地，内疚地
guiltiness 有罪 .
比较级guiltier , 最高级guiltiest
3.guilty conscience 问心有愧
clear conscience 问心无愧
★strict adj. 严格的
1.be strict with sb. 对某人严格
My father is strict with me.
2.be strict in sth. 对……严格
He is strict in drawing他在画画方面很严格
3.Be strict with sb in sth对某人在某方面很严格
妈妈对我在交朋友方面很严格
Mom is strict with me in making friends.
But as a student , you have to be strict with yourself.
但是作为一名学生，你必须要严格要求自己。
Experience is a strict teacher who test first and teach later.经验是一位先行测试然后才授课严厉的教师。
★occasionally adv. 偶而地
1.on the occasion 在那时，值此…之际
What you said on the occasion was not appropriate([ ‘pr pr t]合适的).在这种场合你说这样的话是不相宜的。
2.occasionally =now and again =at times =sometimes
I like playing football best, but occasionally I play table tennis, too.
我最喜欢踢足球，但偶尔也会打乒乓球。
He makes mistakes occasionally , but not often .他有时会出错，但不是时常出错。
Part 3: Notes on the text
★My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago.
1.things（要用复数形式）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：
How are things going on with you
情况变得越来越糟糕。
Things are getting worse.
2.get作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：
I got interested in French.
3.diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“规定饮食”时通常与on连用：
The doctor put him on a strict diet.
医生让他严格控制饮食。
I once went on a diet for a week ，but then I gave up. 我从前节食了一个星期，但是然后我放弃了
★First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
1.first of all 首先, 首要 (许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的)
首先我必须要看看你的护照
First of all I must see your passport.
2.at first 首先（句型at first…, then… 起先……然后……)
3.In all 总共，总计
4.write out 写出，（正式）写，全部写出
你应该写出一个关于人口的报告。
You should write out a report on population
★The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.
1. most of… 大部分……
Most of my colleagues have gone down with flu.
我的大多数同事因流感而病倒了。
2.include和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include则只表示其中的组成一部分。contain一定是容器里面装
The envelope _________a Christmas card. （contains）
该信封里装有一张圣诞贺卡。
Our class __________ fifty-five students.（includes）
我们班包含55个学生。
★Yesterday I paid him a visit.
1.pay sb. a visit 拜访某人
今天我可以拜访你吗
Shall I pay you a visit today =
Shall I pay a visit to you today
2.pay a visit to sb./someplace 拜访某人/某地.
call up sb./at some place 拜访某人/某地
3.have a visit＝visit
Not long ago, you invited us to go to your company to have a visit.
不久前，贵公司又邀请我们到你们那里进行了参观指导。
★I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
1.be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.
很吃惊地做某事/对…非常吃惊
I was surprised to see him.看到他我很惊讶
I was surprised at his arrival.我很惊讶他的到来
2.To my great surprise=Much to my surprise让我很惊讶的是
3.as… as 中间加原级
as…as ever 像往常一样，照旧，依然
as clean as ever；as quiet as ever
★He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
1.lead sb. into(进门)；show sb. out(出门)；see sb. off(送行)
因为下雨了，兔子让狼进了他的房子，雨停了，兔子送狼出门，
Because of rain,the rabbit led the wolf into his house.It stopped raining，the rabbit showed the wolf out.
我明天早上会去机场给你送行
I will see you off at the airport next morning.
2.hurriedly adv. 匆忙地；仓促地
She hurriedly left the room as if she was angry .
她急匆匆地离开房间好像很生气
We saw a crew [kru ] member hurriedly rushed from the filming scene to where we were.
看到一个工作人员急忙从拍片那边跑过来我们这里
You shouldn't really leave so hurriedly .
你的确不应该那么快就离开
Just then he saw her running hurriedly towards him .
这时，他看见她正急急忙忙地迎面跑来
★It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
obviously ＝ It was obvious that…(it 为形式主语) 显然……显然
我们都会长大并且变老.
It is obvious that we will grow up and get old.
They obviously appreciate you very much.
他们明显很欣赏你。
★He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.
explain v.解释，说明
向某人解释某事
explain to sb sth =explain sth to sb
他向我解释了这件事情
He explained to me the matter.
He explained the matter to me.
How do you explain this phenomenon
这种现象怎样解释？
★Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
Show sb sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物
She showed me her diamond ring.=She showed her diamond ring to me. 她向我展示她的钻戒
show in 领入
show off 炫耀
show up 露面
on show 展览着
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
宾语从句
语法中宾语从句是一个重点和难点，今天为大家总结了8条that不省略的宾语从句：

引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
1. 宾语从句前有插入语。
如： We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2. 有间接宾语时。
如： He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
如： He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it. 他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
如： I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。
如： —What did he hear 他听说了什么事 —That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6. 在except等介词后。
如： He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 位于句首时。
如： That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。
如： He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 51单词&课文
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文

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