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牛津译林版高中英语必修一课件
Unit 2 Let’s talk teens
Grammar and usage
Simple , compound
and complex sentences
◆内容分析
本板块围绕单元话题，以“青少年身心健康”创设情境，鼓励学生在语篇中观察和探究简单句、并列句及主从复合句句子结构的基本特征，并自主归纳出三种句子结构的核心语法规则。关注语篇中不同句式对语言理解和语言表达的准确性、得体性的影响，并学会通过对句子结构的正确分析理解语篇的基本意义和深层意义。
◆教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. categorize the elements of a simple sentence, a compound sentence and a complex sentence;
categorize| k t g ra z|将…分类；把…加以归类
compound [ k mpa nd] 合成的
complex| k mpleks; 美 k m pleks; kɑ:m-|复合的
2. summarize the general rules of the three kinds of sentence structures;
3. distinguish and choose the right sentence structure;
4. apply appropriate sentence structures in new situations.
summarize| s m ra z|总结；概括；概述
distinguish|d st gw | 区分；辨别；分清
appropriate [ pr pri t]合适的；恰当的
A. Exploring the rules
　1. Read part A on page 20.
Below is an introduction on the home page of a website for teenagers. Match each sentence with the correct type in the table below. Write down the numbers.
home page(计) 　
A. （网站）主页，首页
B. 主页，起始页（上网时首先登录的网页）
match sb/sth (to/with sb/sth) 找相称（或相关）的人（或物）；配对
The students are asked to match the books with the authors.
要求学生把书籍与作者对应起来。
(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult. (2)So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood(帮助你步入成年). (3)Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health. (4) You can look through( 快速查看；浏览) these articles to find advice on your problem.
(5)It may not have been addressed before, but don't worry. (6)You can visit the “teen health” forum on our website instead. (7) We are proud to say this forum is the heart(重点；核心)of our website. (8)Users are encouraged to post(发布) their problems, and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.
address设法解决；处理；对付
(9)Before you write your post(帖子), however, take a look at other users’ posts first. (10) It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum. (11) If your problem is a new one, write a post about it. (12)Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve your situation. (13) There is a lot to see, so take some time to look around our website!
simple sentence
compound sentence
complex sentence
2,3,4,6
5,8,13
1,7,9,10,11,12
2. Answer the following question according to Part A.
How can teenagers get help from TeenHealthWeb
They can read certain articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health to find advice on their problems.
They can visit the “teen health” forum.
They can post their problems and get advice from health experts and other forum users.
3. Finish working out the rules on page 20
A simple sentence is made up of one independent clause which has one subject-verb combination.
clause从句；分句；子句
combination [ k mb ne n] 组合.
A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses. We use linking words such as (1)_____, or ,(2)____, so or for to link the clauses.
A complex sentence contains one main clause and at least one subordinate clause(从句).
main clause主句subordinate[s b d n t] 从属的；
and
but
　A subordinate clause can be the subject, predicative, object, attributive or adverbial of the sentence.
predicative [pr d k t v] 表语
attributive[ tr bj t v]定语
adverbial [ d v :bi l]状语
4.Read the following sentences and summarize the features.
(1)I will have a chat with my friends to get some suggestions.
Sentence 1 contains a subject and a verb. It’s a simple sentence.
(2) Nowadays, websites are springing up, and I will turn to experts from relevant websites for help.
spring up迅速出现；突然兴起
turn to sb. for their help or advice 求助于;求教于
relevant (to sth/sb)紧密相关的；切题的;有价值的；有意义的
Sentence 2 contains two main clauses. It’s a compound sentence.
(3)I will consult my teachers because they can give me useful and practical advice.
consult sb (about sth) |k n s lt|
咨询；请教
Sentence 3 contains one main clause and one subordinate clause. It’s a complex sentence.
5. Go through “Grammar notes” from page 97 to 98. Give explanations if necessary.
简单句、并列句和主从复合句
(97-98)
1.简单句(simple sentence):只含有一个主谓结构。如:
My uncle works in a factory.
I enjoy playing football.
2.并列句( compound sentence):由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成。常见的连接词有and, but,or,so,for等。如:
(1) The Internet is useful _____ we use it a lot.
(2) I have travelled to many places, ____ I still want to visit more.
and
but
(3)Shall l send the book to you, ____ will you come to get it
(4)They have different ideas, ____ they have solved the problem in different ways.
(5)I cannot tell Mary’s appearance, ___ I have never seen her.
or
so
for
3.主从复合句( complex sentence)):由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体部分从句无法独立，可充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。如:
(1)I hope ______ high school will be more exciting.(that引导宾语从句)
(2) ____ I grew older,I became more interested in poems.(as引导状语从句)
that
As
B. Applying the rules P21
1. Finish B1 on page 21.
Below are some tips on how to use TeenHealthWeb. Join each pair of sentences to form a compound or complex sentence.
(1) Your password should be at least eight characters long. This makes it difficult to guess.
Your password should be at least eight characters long because this makes it difficult to guess.
,which
(2) Posts should not give out personal information. They should not include advertisements.
Posts should not give out personal information and they should not include advertisements.
give out sth
A. 发出，放出（热、光等）
B. [常用被动态](especially British English) 公布；宣布；播放
give sth out分发；散发
The teacher gave out the exam papers.老师分发了试卷。
give out
A. 用完；耗尽
Her patience finally gave out.
她最终忍无可忍了。
B. 停止运行；停止运转
Her legs gave out and she collapsed.
她腿一软倒了下去。
(3) Describe your problems clearly. Other people can understand them easily.
Describe your problems clearly so other people can understand them easily.
(4) The experts will reply to you. They see your posts.
reply (to sb/sth) (with sth) 回答；答复
reply (to sth) (with sth) 回应；作出反应
The experts will reply to you as soon as/when/once they see your posts.
(5) What do you think of our forum Let us know.
2. Finish B2 on page 21, and then answer two questions.
Let us know what you think of our forum.
B2. Teresa [t ri:z ] is talking to her friend Jack about her plete the conversation with the correct linking words in the box below. P21
and because but
how if that
unless why
Teresa: I’m under a lot of stress these days (1)_________ my parents are always comparing me with my friends. They’re never satisfied (2)_______ I do better than all my friends----in schoolwork, in hobbies, in everything!
Jack: That’s terrible. I can see (3)_____ you're anxious.
because
unless
why
compare|k m pe (r); 美 - per|
A. (abbr. cf., cp.) ~ A and B | ~ A with/to B 比较；对比
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's.与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。
B. ~ with/to sb/sth 与…类似（或相似）
C. ~ A to B 表明…与…相似；将…比作
You should tell your parents (4)_____ you’re trying your best. △ There’s no point in comparing you with others all the time. Everyone is unique.
Teresa: I know (5)____ my parents don’t seem to understand that.(6)___ they continue like this, I’ll lose confidence in myself.
that
but
If
There is no point in…意为“……是没有意义的”。如 :
There is no point in pushing them unless they really enjoy it.
除非他们自己喜欢，否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。
There's no point in getting angry.
发火是没有用的。
point [U, 单数] 意图；目的；理由
What's the point of all this violence
这些暴行的意图何在？
I don't see the point of doing it all again.
我就不明白，再做一次有什么意义。
The point of the lesson is to compare the two countries.
本课的目的是比较这两个国家。
Jack: I think your parents are too strict with you. Don’t take a passive role in the relationship. Talk to them. Let them know (7)_____ you feel. Sometimes, competition can push you to do better. Right now, it’s just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance.
how
passive| p s v|消极的；被动的
competition| k mp t n|
A. ~ (between/with sb) / ~ (for sth) 竞争；角逐
B.比赛；竞赛
C. the competition 竞争者；对手
push鞭策；督促
Lucy should push herself a little harder.
露西应该鞭策自己多加把劲了。
right now
A. at this moment 此刻；此时此刻
He's not in the office right now.
他现在不在办公室。
B. immediately 立即；马上
Do it right now!
这件事马上做！
Teresa: Thank you, Jack. I’ll try talking to my parents.
Jack: Cheer up, Teresa. They’ll understand (8)_____ everything will turn out all right一切都会好起来的!
cheer up / cheer sb/sth up
（使）变得更高兴，振奋起来
Oh, come on─cheer up!
噢，得了，高兴起来吧！
and
(1)What’s Teresa's problem
(2)What’s Jacks advice
Her parents are always comparing her with her friends and it makes her anxious.
He suggests that Teresa should talk with her parents and let them know her feelings.
3. Finish B3 on page 21.
In pairs or groups, role-play a conversation between Teresa and her parent(s) using simple, compound and complex sentences. The beginning has been given.
Teresa: Hi Mum! Can we please talk
Mother: Sure, dear. What's the matter
Teresa: Mum, I'm not happy.
Mother: Why, tell me what is bothering you and we can fix(解决) it together.
Teresa: Well, you and Dad always compare me to my friends and feel that I’m not good enough. I try very hard to make you both proud of me, but it seems like the harder I try, the more you expect from me.
bother sb (about/with sth) 使（某人）烦恼（或担忧、不安）；给（某人）造成麻烦（或痛苦）
It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里，我便坐立不安。
bother (with/about sth) 花费时间精力（做某事）
He didn't even bother to let me know he was coming.
他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。
fix
A. vt.处理，解决(问题等)
It's not too late to fix the problem, although time is clearly getting short. 虽然时间越来越紧迫，但现在处理这个问题还为时未晚。
B. [C]（尤指简单、暂时的）解决方法
There is no quick fix for the steel industry.
钢铁工业的问题没有即时解决的办法。
expect sth (of/from sb) 要求；指望
Her parents expected high standards from her.她的父母对她的期望很高。
Are you clear what is expected of you
你清楚大家对你的期望吗？
He's still getting over his illness, so don't expect too much from him.他仍处于康复期，所以不要对他期望过高。
Mother: Oh my dear! I’m so sorry! We didn’t know that you feel this way. Your dad and I want you to be successful so that you can have a bright future. However, if you feel anxious, we will try to be less demanding(要求极严的；苛求的；难满足的).
Teresa: That sounds great, Mum!
I think we should chat with Dad when he gets home and together we can work out a plan that we will all be happy with. What do you think
Mother: You are a very smart girl, Teresa. I'm proud of you for speaking to me about your problem and I agree with your suggestion. I love you.
Teresa: I love you too, Mum.
Workbook P64
C. Join each pair of sentences to form a compound or complex sentence.
1. Mary was ill. She was absent from school.
Mary was absent from school because she was ill.
2. He graduated from college. He set up a company of his own.
3. I grew older. I became interested in designing clothes.
After/As soon as he graduated from college, he set up a company of his own.
As I grew older, I became interested in designing clothes.
4. Why did he make the decision I struggled to understand the reason.
5. You don’t hurry up. We will miss the train.
I struggled to understand (the reason) why he made the decision.
If you don't hurry up, we will miss the train.
6. You take action immediately. You are likely to succeed.
7. I am on a diet. I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
If you take action immediately, you are likely to succeed.
Although/Though I am on a diet, I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
8. It turned out to be a lovely day. We decided to go out for a walk.
It turned out to be a lovely day, so we decided to go out for a walk.

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