资源简介

Lesson 3 An unknown goddess
无名女神
一、单词讲解 New words and expressions
unknown [ n n n] adj. /n. 不出名的
not be known by name 无名的
not well-known 不出名的
eg. I 'm nobody. 我是个小人物。
I'm a small potato. 我是个小人物。
a household name 一个家喻户晓的名字
VIP: Very Important Person 贵宾
He is somebody. 他是个了不起的人物。
a big shot 大人物
goddess [ g dis] n. 女神
-ess 阴性词词尾，表女性或母性
hostess 女主人；女主持人
stewardess 空姐
mistress 情妇；（旧）女家庭教师
tigress 雌老虎
mother tiger 母老虎
性别：
gender 性别，词性（文）
sex
人：female女性 / male 男性
动物：female/male
she/he（作为形容词专门用来形容动物的性别，不能用作人）
arch（a）eologist [ ɑ:ki l d st ] n. 考古学家
arch [a:t ] n. 拱门
arch- （做前缀）
archbishop 大主教
-ology （做后缀，scientific study 某项科学、技术的研究）
-ist （做后缀，表示做事…职业的人）
-ology
anthropology [ nθr p l d i]] n. 人类学
anthropoid [ nθr p id] n./adj.类人猿
psychology [sai k l d i] n. 心理学
philosophy [f l s fi] n. 哲学；人生观
philo- 喜爱（这个前缀来自于希腊文）
-sophy 智慧（这个后缀来自于希腊文）
physiology [ f zi l d i] 生理学
-ist ... 人；…家
specialist [ spe l st] 专家
a heart specialist 心脏病专家
Buddhist ['budist] n. 佛教徒 / adj. 佛教的
racist ['reisist] n. 种族主义者
terrorist [ ter r st] n. 恐怖主义分子 /adj. 恐怖主义的
pacifist [ p sifist] n. 和平主义者/ adj. 反战主义的
explore [ iks pl : ] v. 考察；勘探
（travel through an area in order to find out what is here）
explorer [ k spl :r (r)] n. 探险家，探测器
Internet Explorer 网络浏览器
explode [ k spl d] v. 爆炸
exploit [ k spl t] v. 利用；剥削
exploit child labour 剥削童工
promontory [ pr m ntri] n. 海角
（a high long narrow piece of land which goes out into the sea)
高出水平面的延伸到大海中的狭长高地
cape [keip] n. 海角：
a large piece of land with 3-side water
3面环水的一大块陆地
the Cape of Good Hope 好望角
channel [ t nl] n. 海峡：
a passage of water connecting 2 seas
连接2个大海之间的狭长水域
English channel 英吉利海峡
strait [streit] n. 海峡：
a passage of water between two lands connecting two seas
在2个岛屿之间连接2片水域的狭长地带
Taiwan strait 台湾海峡
pirate [ pa r t] n. 海盗；盗版
delta [ delt ] n. 三角洲
Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲
prosperous [ pr sp r s] a. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
prosperity [pr sper ti] n. 繁荣，昌盛
eg. We'll keep the prosperity and stability of HK at any cost.
(at any price）（97香港回归，朱镕基讲话：中国政府将不惜任何代价维护香港的繁荣和稳定。）
Background notes:
The America experienced the great depression in 1930s'.
After the boom, everything is gloom. 繁荣过后，尽是萧条。
slump [sl mp] n. 衰退
a slump in stock 股价下跌
slack [sl k] a. 松弛的;不振作的;(市场)疲软的
in low time 在不如意的时候
eg. The business is in low time. 生意萧条。
civilization [ siv laizei n] n. 文明
civil [ sivil] adj. 公民的，文明的
civil rights 民权
civil law 民法 —— criminal law 刑法
civil servant 公务员
civil engineering 土木工程
civil war 内战
domestic market 国内市场
domestic violence 家庭暴力
domestic flights 国内航班
home crowd 家乡父老，本国观众
drainage [ dreinid ] n.下水道
drain [drein] n. 下水道 / v. 排水
brain drain 人才流失
drainage n. 排水系统
-age 名词后缀
postage [ p st d ] 邮资
hostage [ h st d ] 人质，抵押品
orphanage [ :f n d ] 孤儿院
worship [ w : ip] n. 祭祀
（warship [ w : p] 战舰）
rite [ra t]： for religious purposes 宗教仪式
rites of baptism [ b pt z m] 洗礼
(This is a Christian religious ceremony in which sb is touched or covered with water to welcome them to the Christian faith or name them.)
pray [prei]： ask God for help 祈祷
（prey 猎物）
Mass [m s] 弥撒
sacrifices [ s kr fa s]：offer to God 祭品
fragment [ fr gm nt] n.碎片
fall into fragments 摔得粉碎
fall into pieces 摔得粉碎
piece
eg. I am about to go to pieces. 我快崩溃了。
fraction [ fr k n] n.（大的整体里的）一小份
in a fraction of a second 片刻，眨眼间
fracture [ fr kt (r)] n. 骨折
segment [ segm nt] n. (果实）一块，一瓣
a segment of an orange 一瓣桔子
二、课文讲解
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.
不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。
make a discovery 做出发现
make a name for oneself 出名，成名
make history 创造历史
make noise 制造噪音
make a noise 名噪一时
eg. Ben Laden really make a noise by 9.11.
本拉登通过911名噪一时。
make a dent： to make a first step towards success in something
取得初步的、有效的进展；凑效 （dent [dent] n. 齿痕，凹痕）
eg. Chinese open-up policy has made a dent.
中国改革开放已初见成效。
Aegean 爱琴海 [i:'d i: n] n.
eg. The Aegean sea lies between Greece and turkey, part of Mediterranean sea.爱情海位于希腊和土耳其之间，是地中海的一部分。
主题句：为典型的记叙文开头句
记叙文的文体特点：时间、地点、人物、事件。并按事件发生的时间、空间顺序描写，把握住其特征，就能轻松应对文章的理解。
Time : some time ago
Place : on the Aegean island of kea
Person : archaeologists
Event : a discovery was made
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. 一个美国考古队在阿伊亚·依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。
which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini 作定语修饰temple，英语中定语往往是后置的，但翻译时要放在前面翻。
stand 座落在
eg. China stands in the East of the world.
中国屹立于世界的东方。
lie in 位于（lie 躺）
eg. A lake lies in the middle of the forest.
在森林中间有一条湖。
eg. A grand crocodile lies in wait for its prey.
一条巨大的鳄鱼正潜伏着等待它的猎物。
（lie in wait for 静静地等待着）
be situated in 位于(正式)
be located in 位于(正式)
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明。
逗号后面的for引导原因状语从句
enjoy
enjoy a long history 历史悠久
eg. China enjoys a long history. 中国历史悠久。
enjoy supports 得到支持
eg. Geoge. W. Bush enjoyed a lot of supports during the
president-election.
在总统选举期间，布什得到了许多人的支持。
enjoy good health 享有健康的身体
enjoy large sales 畅销
enjoy a handsome income 享有较高收入
Houses - often three storeys high - were built of stone.
房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。
be built of stone 用石头造的
be made of stone 用石头造的
eg. He is made of stone. 他是个铁石心肠的人。
They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。
They 指的是houses
with beautifully decorated walls
介词是英语中很重要的一种词性。with作为抽象含义而使用，表示被描述事物的特征和性质。语言简洁、利落、生动。
a man with a beard [b d] 一个留着山羊胡的男人
a man with a moustache [m stɑ: ] 一个蓄着小胡子的男士
a man with whiskers [ w sk s] …络腮胡子…
a man with queues [kju:] …发辫…
Abraham Lincoln 《盖提斯堡演讲》（林肯总统）
of the people, by the people, and for the people.
民有，民治，民享
The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
第一段结束了，此段的中心句就是第一句话：Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. 接下去的段落描述此发现到底有趣在何处。
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。
B.C. 公元前
---before Christ [kra st] 耶稣（before the birth of Christ)
D. 公 元 （拉丁文）
---Anno Domini [ n u d minai] （Latin）
(since the birth of Christ)
(after the birth of Christ)
…from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
Roman times 古罗马时代 （from 200 B.C until 400 A.D.)
eg. Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗。
eg. Every road leads to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。（殊途同归）
eg. Rome wasn't built in a day. 冰冻三尺非一日之寒。
In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.
在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶制雕像的碎片。
sacred [ se kr d] adj. 庄严的（greatly respected）
holy [ h li] ：（god )神圣的
the holy city ：Jerusalem
religious [r l d s] ：(religion) 宗教的
这是一篇略带科技色彩的文章，要尽量减少主观色彩，所以被动语态是上策，引入主语反而增加主观色彩。
Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. 每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度被上过色。
at one time 曾经一度
represent v. 代表
eg. The Statue of Liberty represents the friendship of France and America. 美国的自由女神像代表了法国和美国人民的友谊。
stand for 代表
symbolize [ s mb la z] v. 象征
to be the symbol of 成为…的象征，是…的标志
eg. Pimple is the symbol of youth. 青春痘是青春的象征。
eg. Rose is the symbol of England. 玫瑰是英国的象征。
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的。
remains n. 历史遗迹；遗体
ruins [ ru: n] n. 废墟
be on the road to ruins 走向毁灭，走向灭亡
relic [ rel k] n. 遗物，遗迹，遗风陋俗
legacy [ leg si] n. 遗产； 遗留产物
eg. As the legacy of the male-dominated society, women find it their duty to spend the money men earn.
作为男权统治的遗留产物，女人觉得花男人赚的钱是天经地义的。
date from 可以追溯到；自从…就有（无被动）
（现在分词短语dating from 作后置定语修饰remains）
date back to 追溯到（无被动）
go back to 追溯到（无被动）
trace back to 追溯到（无被动）
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. 而她那身首异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。
missing head 下落不明的头
be lost 迷路
the lost generation 迷惘的一代
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. 她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。
classical [ kl s kl] a.传统的，古朴的（very traditional）
classical music 古典音乐 —— popular music 流行音乐
classical physics 古典物理 —— quantum physics 量子物理
classical times 古希腊，古罗马时代
classic a. 经典的
eg. Titanic is a classic film. 泰坦尼克是部经典的电影。
class [klɑ:s] n. 阶级；等级
It was very old and precious even then.
即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. 考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。
the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments,…
reconstruct v. 重建，修复
reconstruction [ ri:k n str k n] n. 重建，重建物
（1865-1877）重建时期
turn out (to be) 竟然是
eg. To be both a father and mother to a child at the same time turns out to be more difficult than he thought.
同时既当爹又当妈竟然比他想得要更难。
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。
rest [rest] v./n. 放松，休息，放置
（此处用rest比put好，更显出该女子优雅的姿势）
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
身穿一条拖地长裙。
wear [we (r)] v./n. 穿着
wear a dress 穿裙子
wear make-up 化妆
wear perfume 抹香水 [ p :fju:m]
wear contact lenses 戴隐形眼镜 [ k nt kt] [lenziz]
wear a moustache 蓄着小胡子 [m stɑ: ]
wear a sad look 一脸愁容
wear a smile 面带微笑
wear pistol 佩戴着手枪 [ p stl]
full-length 全长
full-length TV series 大型电视系列片 [ s ri:z]
full-dress welcome 热烈欢迎,隆重欢迎（盛装欢迎）
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。
despite [d spa t] prep. 尽管
in spite of 尽管 （spite [spa t] n. 怨恨，恶意）
so far 迄今为止（引起完成时态）
until —— until now 到目前为止
up to —— up to now 到现在这个节骨眼为止
by now 到现在为止
三、Idioms
Bible [ ba bl] n. 圣经
Refers to 2 books: Old Testament 旧约[ test m nt]
New Testament 新约
Long, long age, the sky and the earth were in chaos.
（[ ke s] n. 浑沌世界）
On the 6th day
man: Adam - the first man (Hybru)
Eve: It means woman who belongs to man （Hybru）
snake：serpent
forbidden fruit: apples from the Tree of Knowledge
Adam's apple 喉结
maternity
toil in the field
walk on its belly
Adam and Eve 熏肉加鸡蛋（亚当与夏娃）
As old as Adam 老掉牙
Bathing Beauty 出水芙蓉 （[ be ]n.游泳，沐浴）
not know somebody from Adam (= have no idea who sb is )
Bone of my bone, flesh of my flesh. 我和我丈夫血肉相连。
eg. Taiwan is bone of mainlander' s bone; flesh of mainlander's flesh. 台湾和大陆血肉相连。
Dust you are, back to dust you'll return when you die.
本为尘土，死为亦归为尘土。
四、Supplementary exercises
By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles，we can _A__ the surroundings.
explore B. expose C. exploit D. expand
探测,探索； B．暴光； C．剥削，利用； D．膨胀，扩张。
分析：通过雷达波缓慢做圆周运动，我们就能探索到周围事物的情况。

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