2024年初中英语语法学习之形容词与副词

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2024年初中英语语法学习之形容词与副词

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2024年初中英语语法学习之形容词与副词
形容词是一类用来描述名词或代词特征、性质、状态等的词汇,例如“beautiful(美丽的)”、“big(大的)”、“happy(开心的)”等。以下是一些常见的形容词的用法:
描述外貌或特征:形容词可以用来描述一个人的外貌或物体的特征,例如“beautiful(美丽的)”、“tall(高的)”、“short(短的)”等。
描述品质或状态:形容词可以用来描述物品或事物品质或状态的好坏,例如“good(好的)”、“bad(坏的)”、“new(新的)”、“old(老的)”等。
描述感觉或态度:形容词也可以用来描述一个人的感觉或态度,例如“happy(开心的)”、“sad(悲伤的)”、“angry(生气的)”等。
描述程度或数量:形容词也可以用来描述某个事物的程度或数量,例如“big(大的)”、“small(小的)”、“many(许多的)”、“few(几个的)”等。
描述抽象概念:形容词也可以用来描述一些抽象的概念,例如“beautiful(美丽的)”、“true(真实的)”、“right(正确的)”等。
大多数副词都是由"形容词+后缀-ly"构成的,例如:slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。
  形容词变副词:
  ①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly
  ②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily
  ③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently
  注意: friendly; motherly; lovely,weekly,lively等词是形容词而非副词。
  ④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词,例如:daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法:
  the high jump 跳高项目(形容词) to jump high 跳得高(副词)
  a fast car 行得快的汽车(形容词)to drive fast 开快车(副词)
  an early riser 早起的人(形容词)to get up early 起得早(副词)
  a straight line直线(形容词)Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。(副词)
  注意:兼有两种形式的副词
  ①.late 与lately:
  late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"。例如:You have come too late. What have you been doing lately
  ②.deep与deeply:
  deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.
  ③.high与highly:
  high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much 。例如:The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
  ④.wide与widely:
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方" 。例如:He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
形容词和副词都是英语中常见的词汇,二者的区别在于它们所描述的内容和用法不同。以下是一些区分形容词和副词的方法:
看位置:在句子中,形容词通常放在它所描述的事物之前,例如“a beautiful flower(一朵美丽的花)”,而副词则通常放在它所修饰的词之后,例如“quickly(快速地)”。
看词性:形容词是一类用来描述名词或代词特征、性质、状态等的词汇,例如“beautiful(美丽的)”、“big(大的)”等;而副词则是一类用来描述动词、形容词或其他副词程度、方式、时间、地点等的词汇,例如“quickly(快速地)”、“well(好地)”等。
看用法:形容词和副词的用法也有所不同。形容词通常用来修饰名词或代词,表示它的性质或特征,例如“a beautiful flower(一朵美丽的花)”;而副词则通常用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示它的方式、程度或时间,例如“quickly(快速地)”、“well(好地)”等。
总之,区分形容词和副词的关键在于它们的词性、位置和用法。掌握这些方法可以帮助我们更好地理解英语中形容词和副词的用法,并提高我们的语言表达能力。
练习巩固
单句填空
1.I feel     (strong) that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now.
2.Since ancient times, the Chinese fan has been carrying artistic and unique     (nation) style.
3.It is only much     (late) that the friends Hua Mulan made during the war discover she is not a man.
4.The sugar painting artists are gaining     (increase) recognition.
5.So, if it's not in the brain, what is it that makes males and females behave     (different)
6.These days, the city has made     (effect) exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy(遗产).
7.Luckily, the Chinese government presents a new environmental protection law, the     (strict) one we have ever had.
8.For Jose, T'ai Chi is not     (simple) a sport.
9.The deadly heat waves, floods and droughts will be likely only to get     (bad) as global temperatures continue to rise.
10.According to the 1970 research that showed men beat women thirteen-one, he thought men were     (good) at science subjects.
11Wang Shu says that the most important thing for Chinese people is "living in some     (peace) places with trees,water and their family together.
12It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a     (globe) celebration of joy and love.
13.If you then touch your eyes, mouth or nose, you are     (likely) to become infected than those who wash their hands.
14.California, Oregon and Washington State have seen historic wildfires that have burned faster and     (far) than ever before.
15.    (hope), the program will influence behaviors, like choosing     (little) packaging, throwing away fewer items and finally decreasing use of disposable(一次性的) materials.
16.Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cold,     (rain) weather.
17.However, he is also a     (talent) musician who is able to play several instruments expertly.
参考答案
一、单句填空
1.strongly 分析句子结构可知,此处修饰谓语动词feel,需要用副词,所以填strongly。
2.national 分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词 style,需要用形容词,所以填national。
3.later 根据语境和句中的much可知,此处需要使用比较级。
4.increasing 分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的名词recognition,需要用形容词increasing,表示"不断增加的"。
5.differently 分析句子结构可知,此处修饰前面的动词behave,需要用副词,所以填 differently。
6.effective exploration是名词,其前应用形容词修饰。故填effective。
7.strictest 根据空后的"we have ever had"可知,此处暗含多者比较,应用最高级。
8.simply 分析句子结构可知,此空需用副词作状语。故填simply。
9.worse 结合空后"随着全球气温的持续上升"可推知,句中所列问题只可能变得更糟,此处需要用比较级,所以填worse。
10.better 语境表示他认为男性(比女性)更擅长理科,故此处需要用比较级better。
11.peaceful 分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词places,需要用形容词,所以填peaceful。
12.global 空处在冠词后名词前,作定语修饰celebration,应用形容词形式global。
13.more likely 根据空后的than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级形式。
14.farther/further 根据空后的than可知,空处应填比较级形式,与faster并列修饰burned,此处表示距离上更远,farther/further均可。
15.Hopefully; less 分析句子结构可知,第一空处修饰整个句子,应用副词,所以第一空应该填Hopefully;根据语境以及"throwing away fewer items"可知,第二空修饰名词packaging,表示"更少的包装材料",所以填less。
16.rainy 分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词weather,需要用形容词,所以填rainy。
17.talented 根据空前的冠词a和空后的名词musician可知,空处应填形容词talented,表示"有才能的"。

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