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2024年初中英语二轮专题复习讲义之名词性从句
名词性从句是英语语法中的一个概念，指的是在句子中充当名词的角色的从句。名词性从句通常由关系代词(who、whom、whose、what、which、that)或关系副词(when、where、why)引导。
以下是一些常见的名词性从句:
主语从句:作为整个句子的主语，例如:I saw the man who saved my life.(我看到了救我命的人。)
宾语从句:作为整个句子的宾语，例如:She said that she would meet us there.(她说她会在那里和我们见面。)
表语从句:作为整个句子的表语，例如:The news that he had been elected president was exciting.(他已被当选为总统的消息令人兴奋。)
同位语从句:作为名词的同位语，例如:The man who I saw yesterday is my old friend.(昨天我看见的那个人是我的老朋友。)
定语从句:作为名词的定语，例如:The book that I read last week is very interesting.(上周我看的那本书非常有趣。)
需要注意的是，有些名词性从句可以省略引导词，例如:The man (who I saw yesterday) is my old friend.(昨天我看见的那个人是我的老朋友。)但是，这种省略并不常见，需要根据上下文理解句子的含义。
名词性从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词引导的名词性从句:
关系代词who、whom、whose、what、which、that等可以用来引导名词性从句，例如:
The man who I saw yesterday is my old friend.(我看见的那个男人是我的老朋友。)
Whose car is this (这是谁的车 )
What do you think of this movie (你觉得这部电影怎么样 )
Which book do you want to read next (你想读哪本书 )
That is a beautiful dress.(那条裙子真漂亮。)
关系副词引导的名词性从句:
关系副词when、where、why等可以用来引导名词性从句，例如:
When did you start learning English (你什么时候开始学习英语 )
Where did you go last weekend (你上个周末去了哪里 )
Why did you decide to study abroad (你为什么要出国留学 )
需要注意的是，有些名词性从句可以省略引导词，例如:
The man (who I saw yesterday) is my old friend.(昨天我看见的那个人是我的老朋友。)
这种情况下，句子的含义可以根据上下文理解，但语法上并不完整。
名词性从句和定语从句都是英语中常见的从句类型，但它们在语法功能上有所不同。
名词性从句:指在句子中充当名词的角色，用来表示一个名词的含义、性质、特征等。例如:“What he said is true.”(他所说的话是真的。)中的“what he said”就是一个名词性从句。
定语从句:指在句子中充当定语的角色，用来修饰一个名词或代词。例如:“The book that I read last week is interesting.”(我上周读的这本书很有趣。)中的“that I read last week”就是一个定语从句。
因此，名词性从句和定语从句的主要区别在于它们所扮演的语法角色不同，一个是名词，一个是定语。
在句子中，可以通过以下方式来区分名词性从句和定语从句:
名词性从句通常用逗号与主句分开，而定语从句则通常用连词“that”、“which”等与主句分开。例如:“What he said is true.”(他所说的话是真的。)中的“what he said”是一个名词性从句，用逗号与主句分开;而“The book that I read last week is interesting.”(我上周读的这本书很有趣。)中的“that I read last week”是一个定语从句，用连词“that”与主句分开。
名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等，而定语从句只能充当定语。例如:“The book that I read last week is interesting.”(我上周读的这本书很有趣。)中的“that I read last week”是一个定语从句，修饰“book”,充当定语。
名词性从句和主句之间一般没有断开，而定语从句和主句之间则有断开。例如:“What he said is true.”(他所说的话是真的。)中的“what he said”和主句之间没有断开，是一个连续的句子。而“The book that I read last week is interesting.”(我上周读的这本书很有趣。)中的“that I read last week”和主句之间有断开，是一个定语从句。
名词从句本章补充强化训练题
　　1. — Where is Jack
　　— He is ____ you told him to go.
　　A. where B. which C. what D. 不填
　　2. The difficulty we now meet with is ____ we can persuade him to tell the truth.
　　A. whether B. that C. what D. how
　　3. America was ____ was first called “India” by Columbus.
　　A. what B. where C. the place D. there
　　4. After ten years, he changed a lot and looked different from ____ he used to be.
　　A. that B. whom C. what D. who
　　5. The main facts in human life are five: birth, food, sleep, love and death. One could increase the number — add breathing for instance — but these five are the most obvious. Let us ask ourselves ____ our lives.
　　A. they play in what part B. they play what part in
　　C. what part they play in D. in what part they play
　　6. My hometown is quite different from ____ before.
　　A. that it was B. it was C. what it was D. which it was
　　7. ____ is ____ the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words.
　　A. What a dictionary does; help B. What dictionary does; to help
　　C. How a dictionary does; help D. All that a dictionary does; helps
　　8. ____ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
　　A. Whatever B. Whoever C. However it D. Whatever it
　　9. You can choose ____ book you like among these.
　　A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever
　　10. You can take ____ much you want and ____ you want to.
　　A. Whatever; when B. Whenever; however
　　C. however; whatever D. however; whoever
　　11. Was it at the very beginning ____ Mr. White made the decision ____ we should send more fire’fighters there
　　A. when; which B. that; that
　　C. when; so D. where; what
　　12. ____ a plan to deal with it is important.
　　A. What we should work out B. We should work out
　　C. That we should work out D. That what we should work out
　　13. ____ the boss said at the meeting isn’t true astonished all of us.
　　A. That B. What C. What that D. That what
　　14. ____ comes back first is supposed to win the prize.
　　A. Anybody B. Who C. Whoever D. No matter who
　　15. The reason ____ I plan to go is ____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.
　　A. that; because B. why; that C. why; because D. that; for
　　16. — I fell off my horseback and broke my leg yesterday.
　　— Is that ____ you drank too much
　　A. why B. how C. because D. when
　　本章补充强化训练题参考答案
　　1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.C
　　11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.C

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