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Unit 4 单词讲义
Section A
一、词性转换
appear v.出现→appearance n.出现，外貌→disappear v.消失→disappearance n.消失，失踪
personality n.性格→personal adj.个人的，私人的→person n.消失，失踪
humor n. 幽默 → humorous adj.有幽默感的，滑稽有趣的
silence n.沉默 →silent adj.不说话的，沉默的→silently adv.沉默地
help v./n.帮助→helpful adj. 有用的，有帮助的→helpless adj. 无助的
interview v./n. 采访，面试→interviewer n.采访者，面试官→interviewee n.被采访者，参加面试者
deal v. 对付，对待 n.交易 →过去式： dealt→过去分词：dealt
shy adj.羞怯的，腼腆的→shyness u.n.害羞，腼腆
require v.需要，需求→requirement n.需要，要求，必要条件
public adj.公开的，公众的→publicly adv.公开地
Asia n.亚洲→Asian adj. 亚洲（人）的 n.亚洲人
Africa n.非洲→African adj. 非洲（人）的 n.非洲人
America n.美国→American adj.美国(人)的 n.美国人
Europe n.欧洲→European adj.欧洲（人）的 n.欧洲人
Britain n.英国 →British adj.英国（人）的 n.英国人
常见短语
from time to time有时，偶尔 2.be helpful to sb./sth.对某人或某物有帮助
3.take up doing sth. 学着做某事，开始做某事 4. deal with 应对，处理
5. dare to do sth. 敢做某事 6.tons of... 大量的，很多的 7. a small number of ... 少量...
8. get good grades in...在...取得好成绩 9. make it to the top 到达顶峰
10. give a speech in public 当众演讲 11. not any more=no more 不再···
12.hang out 外出闲逛 13.a couple of days 一两天
三、合作探究
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
e.g. I used to _____(get) up at half past six, but now I am getting used to ______(get) up at seven.
silent adj.不说话的，沉默的 →_________n.沉默→__________ adv.沉默地
keep/stay silent 保持沉默 in silence 沉默，无声 be silent about sth.对……保持沉默的
score c.n. 分数，成绩，得分，比分 get good scores/grades 取得好成绩
v.得分，进球 e.g. _____ our surprise, Jim s_____ a goal in the last two minutes.
令我们惊讶的是，吉姆在最后两分钟进了一个球。
since conj.&prep. 从...以后，自...以来
①since+时间点 since 1994 ② since+时间段+ago since two years ago
③since+从句(一般过去时)
重点句型：
①主句（现在完成时）+since+从句(一般过去时)
② It is/has been+一段时间+since+时间点/从句（一般过去时）
e.g. We ____________(live) here since 1994.
Mr. Brown ________________(not phone) me since he ______(go) abroad.
It’s twenty years ________ he went to the UK.
拓展：since conj. 因为=because=as e.g. _______ it is raining, we had better watch TV at home.
既然 Since we are here, we should stop and drop by.
interview v. 采访，面试 n.面试，访谈
interview sb. (about sth.) (就某事)采访某人 have an interview with sb. 采访某人
e.g. The mad did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He __________(interview) on TV last week.
6. take up (doing) sth.开始从事，占据（时间或空间）
e.g. Lisa took up __________(play) the piano at the age of 12.
I know how busy you are and naturally I wouldn’t take _____ too much of you time.
take相关的短语：
take part in 参加 take place 发生 take off 起飞，脱掉
take in吸收 take away 拿走 take out 取出
deal with 与how连用
do with 与what连用
e.g. I want to know _____ to deal with the pollution.
=I want to know ______ to do with the pollution.
dare v.敢于；胆敢 dare to do sth. 敢于做某事
情态动词 dare+动词原形 敢于做某事
e.g. How did you dare __________(tell) her about that
Dare you ________(ride) a horse
private adj.私人的，秘密的=personal in private 私下的 反： in public 公开地
e.g. It’s impolite to read others’ p__________ letters without permission.
make it ①成功 e.g. We will make it as long as we try.
②做成某事 e.g. Believe in yourself. You can make it.
③准时抵达某地 e.g. They are too late. I don’t think they can make it.
④约定时间 e.g. Let’s make it at 8:30. Is that all right for you
a number of+c.n.复数 许多...,大量... 作主语，谓语动词用复数
the number of +c.n.复数 ...的数量 作主语，谓语动词用三单
e.g. A small number of children _______________(educate) at home.
The number of the students in our class _____ (be) 40.
guard n.警卫，看守 v.守卫，保卫 guard against sth. 防止某事，防范某事
e.g. Some g_________ are on duty to guard _________ accidents. 一些警卫在执勤防止事故发生。
Section B
一、词性转换
absent adj. 缺席，不在→absence n.缺席，不在
fail v.不及格，失败→failure n.失败
examination n. 检查，审查→examine v.检查，审查
exactly adv.确切地，精确地→exact adj.确切的
pride n.自豪，骄傲→proud adj. 自豪的，骄傲的 （take pride in...=be proud of...）
general adj.总的，普遍的 n.将军→generally adv. 通常地，普遍地
introduce v.介绍→introduction n.介绍
重点短语
1.boarding school 寄宿学校 2.be able to do sth 能够做某事
3. the road to success 通往成功的路 4.be good at...=do well in...=be talented in 擅长...
5.have an influence on... 对…有影响 6.become less interested in 对…不太感兴趣
7. be absent from... 缺席... 8.fight on 奋力坚持下去；继续战斗
9.fail the examination 考试不及格 10.feel good about oneself 对自己感到满意/感觉良好
11. 在过去的几年里 in the last few years=in the past few years 12.亲自 in person
13. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 14.be nervous about...对...感到紧张，对...感到焦虑
15. It’s hard to believe+that从句 很难相信... 16.take care of...=look after... 照顾，照看
17. be always doing sth. 总是做某事（表达说话人的某种情绪，如赞扬、不满、责备等）
18. be there (for sb.) （在某人身边）随时提供帮助，随时乐于帮助(某人)
19. What is sb. like 某人是什么样的人？
合作探究
seldom=hardly ever 很少，不常 e.g. He is seldom nervous about exams.
含seldom，hardly, never, few, little, none, nothing, nodody等具有否定意义的词时，反意疑问句要用肯定形式 e.g. He seldom goes to work by car, _______ he？
cause v.引起，导致 n.原因，理由
cause sth.引起某事 cause sb. sth.=cause sth. for sb. 给某人造成某事
cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人或某物做某事
e.g. He caused a lot of trouble _____ his parents.
The drought(干旱) caused the plants _________(die).
The c_______ of fire is carelessness. 失火的原因是粗心。
influence v./n. 影响
influence sb./sth. 影像某人或某事 influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
have an influence on sb./sth. 对某人或某物有影响 under the influence of... 受到...的影响
e.g. What influenced you _______(take) up nursing
Listening to music has a great influence _____ her.
fail v. 不及格，失败，未能(做到) n._________ 失败
fail in sth. 在某方面失败 （反：succeed in sth. 在某方面成功）
fail to do sth. 未能做到某事 e.g. He failed __________(climb) up the tall tree.
take pride in...=be proud of... 为...感到自豪 be proud to do sth.为做某事感到骄傲/自豪
e.g. Tu Youyou is the _______(proud) of all Chinese people.
She is p_______ of what you’ve done.=She takes p________ in what you’ve done.
require v. 需要，要求 requirement n.需要，要求
require sth. 需要某物
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that从句（从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略）
examination=exam c.n.考试
take/have an examination 参加考试 pass the examination 通过考试
fail the examination 考试不及格
Unit 4写作指导---谈论今昔变化
Beginning : 感叹时光飞逝，点出自身变化
①How time flies! My life has changed greatly in the past few years.
②Many things have changed since I was a child.
Body:分述变化 ①In the past, I used to be ..., but now I am...
②The biggest/most important change in my life is...
③This is the most important change because...
身高（height)：be tall/short/of medium height
外貌(appearance): 体重(weight）: be heavy/fat/thin/slim/of medium build
hair: have ...hair (长短+曲直+颜色)
face: have a round face/ a big nose/ bright eyes...
性格(personality): funny, friendly, outgoing , humorous, silent, active,
be easy to get on/along with
爱好与习惯：love/like/ enjoy (playing) soccer, be interested in/be good at...
be afraid of... be good/bad at...
学习： get good grades in... be absent from classes, become more interested in study
Ending:总结变化
①These are my changes. What about yours
②These are my changes.All in all, it’s never too late to change when we have some difficulties.
作文范文一：
How time flies! My life has changed greatly in the past few years.
First of all, I used to be thin in the past, but now I am tall and strong. I am not short any more. Secondly, I am more outgoing than I used to be. I used to be afraid of speaking in front of people, but now I can give a speech in public. Thirdly, I am more interested in studying now. With my teachers’ help, I often get good scores on my exams.
These are my changes. What about yours
作文范文二：
How I’ve Changed!
My life has changed a lot in the last few years. I used to be short, but now I’m one of the tallest students in my class. I used to be shy and quiet, but now I’m outgoing and I like to make friends. I used to hate reading, but now I have fallen in love with it.
The most important change in my life was becoming interested in reading. Last summer my best friend gave me an interesting book to read. I enjoyed it so much that I started to read other books. It was the most important change because reading gives me a lot of knowledge and makes me very happy. As a famous saying goes, “Reading makes a full man”.

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