资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit1
“by+doing形式” 表示方式、方法 I learn Chinese by listening to tapes。
1）by+交通工具，“乘/坐...” by bus
2）by+地点，“在...的旁边；靠近...” by the lake
3）by+时间，“截止到...；不迟于...” by ten
4）辨析by、with、in，“用”
by 侧重“用”某种手段、交通工具、传递方式或媒介等
with 侧重“用”有形工具、材料、内容等
in 侧重“用”语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等
We’ll be traveling by car.
He broke the window with a stone.
Please answer the question in English.
2、
aloud adv， 大声地；出声地 多指使别人听到的意味，常与read连用。
loud adj.adv. 作adv时，“高声地；响亮地；大声地”， 常放于speak、talk、laugh、sing之后，多用比较级。
loudly Adv. “高声地”，有时与loud通用。 但含有“喧闹”的意味。在用与比较级或最高级时，通常用loud而不用loudly。
Tom is talking with his friend in a loud voice. Sam is listening to music,but it is too loud.The baby is crying aloud in the bedroom. At the same time， the telephone is ringing loudly.
汤姆正在和他的朋友大声交谈。萨姆正在听音乐，但音乐太吵了。婴儿正在卧室里大声地哭。与此同时，电话铃正大声地响着。
3、pronounce v. 发音；读（音） pronunciation n. 发音；读音（ 可数/不可数）
The word has two pronunciations. 这个单词有两种读音。
The girl is practicing her pronunciation. 这个女孩正在练习她的发音。
Who can tell me how to pronounce this word 谁能告诉我这个单词怎么发音
语境串记
You pronounced these words correctly and the teacher said your pronunciation was excellent.
这些单词你读得很正确，老师说你的发音好极了。
a little与a bit 一点儿
a little/a bit+形容词；a little+不可数；a bit of+不可数
I drank a little water just now. =I drank a bit of water just now. 我刚才喝了一点儿水。
Are you a little shy when facing the camera 面对镜头的时候，你是不是有点害羞？
Sir,your house is wonderful,but the windows are a bit dirty. 先生，你的房子很不错，但是窗户有点脏。
Get up a bit/a little earlier, and you will see the star. 起早一点，你就会看到那颗星星。
at first与 first of all
at first 起初，起先 与后来发生的事相对照，暗含事情后来有转折
first of all 首先 说明顺序，尤用于强调所说的第一件事最重要
At first I didn't want to go, but soon I changed my mind.起初我不想去，但我很快改变了主意。
First of all， let me ask you something.首先，让我问你点事情。
patient adj.有耐心的；n.病人
语境串记
Mr. White is a patient doctor.He always examines his patients patiently.Most of them like his patience.But some of them are too impatient to wait too long.
怀特先生是一位有心的医生。他总是耐心地给他的病人做检查。大部分病人喜欢他的耐心，但也有些病人太没有耐心而不愿等太久。
secret n.秘密；秘诀 adj. 秘密的；保密的
拓展secret的常见搭配
所属关系用to的情况口决：
钥匙答案纪念碑，注释索引和附录，出口入口桥与路，参观介绍和秘密。
the key to the bike the answer to the question the Monument to the People’s Heroes
the note to the text the exit to the cinema the bridge to knowledge
The way to the school
as well,too,also与either
She can sing,and she can dance as well. = She can sing,and she can dance,too.
= She can sing，and she can also dance. 她会唱歌，也会跳舞。
He didn't know the answer.I didn't know,either.他不知道答案。我也不知道。
note n. 笔记；记录 v. 注意；指出
She always takes notes when reading. 她总是在阅读时做笔记。
He carefully noted the time when they left the building. 他们离开大楼的时候，他特别留意了一下时间。
The judge noted that Miller had no previous criminal record. 法官指出米勒没有犯罪前科。
note作名词时还有以下含义
短笺便条。a thank you note感谢信 （2）注释批注。notes of an article 文章注释
（3）纸币。a ￥5 note 一张面值为5元的纸币 （4）音调音符。high/low notes 高/低音
10、increase v. 增加；增长 n. (可数) 增长；增多
increase by 增长了（后接百分比或倍数）
increase to 增长到（后接具体数字）
New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children's vegetable intake.
新的研究表明，学校里的园艺项目可以增加孩子们的蔬菜摄入量。
语境串记
The hit of this video increased to 2 million. Compared with yesterday,it increased by 10%.
这个视频的点击量增加到了200万，与昨天相比，增加了10%。
increase n. (可数) 增长；增多
There was an increase in population of our country.我们国家的人口增长了。
11、get+宾语+宾语补足语
12、review v. / n.回顾；复习 n.(对图书、电影等)评论
What a good habit it is to review your lessons in time! 及时复习功课是一个多么好的习惯啊
The boss asked the staff to write a review of this year.老板要求员工写一下对今年的回顾。
I hope your book gets good reviews.我希望你的书得到好评。
instead与instead of
代替；而不是 instead 副词 既可位于句首，也可位于句尾。位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的内容隔开
instead of 短语介词 常用于句中，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式
He didn't go shopping.Instead,he went to watch a movie.他没有去购物，而是去看了场电影。
It was rainy yesterday 。We watched TV instead of flying kites outside.
昨天下雨了。我们看电视了，而没有去外面放风筝。
14、
People who learn wisely and well will achieve their dreams more easily.
明智地学并且好好学习的人会更容易地实现他们的梦想。
It is very wise of you to do so.你这样做很明智。
My aunt is a woman of great wisdom.我姨妈是 一个很有智慧的女人。
15、develop v.发展培养
Unit2
crowd---crowded
2、wonder
put on增加（体重）；发胖
put on weight——lose weight（减轻体重减肥）
put on＋增加的具体重量——lose＋减少的具体重量（减少……）
After you exercise,if you take in lots of food,especially foods with a lot of protein,you will still put on weight.运动后，如果你吃很多食物，尤其是蛋白质含量高的食物，你还是会长胖。
I put on 10 pounds last year.我去年增重了十磅。
穿上；戴上 The woman put on her coat and left the house.那位女士穿上外套离开了房子。
上演 The students will put on a new play about fighting against COVID-19 tomorrow evening.
明天晚上，学生们将上演一部关于抗击新冠肺炎疫情的新剧。
wish n. 愿望；祝愿；希望 v. 祝愿；希望
wish n. 愿望；祝愿；希望
It is my wish to visit the Great Wall.我的愿望是游览长城。
Please send my best wishes to your parents.请代我向你的父母问好。
wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事 I wish him to come here early. 我希望他早点儿来这儿。
wish to do sth.希望做某事 Do not do to others what you do not wish to be done to you.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
wish sb.sth.祝愿某人…… Wish you a good day!祝你过得愉快!
4、tie v.系拴n.领带
语境串记
Would you please help me to tie my tie 麻烦你帮我系一下领带好吗
5、dress
dress up as+角色或职业等的名词 装扮成……
My father wants to dress up as Superman.我爸爸想装扮成超人。
be dressed in+服装名词/颜色 穿着……的衣服
She was dressed in a beautiful dress for the party. 她穿着漂亮的连衣裙去参加聚会了
dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服
My sister is too young to dress herself.我的妹妹太小了，还不能自己穿衣服。
get dressed 穿好衣服
We are late! Get dressed quickly。我们迟到了！快穿好衣服。
6、make+宾语+宾语补足语
make sb. +n. 使某人成为……
We made Bob our group leader.我们让鲍勃当我们的组长。
make sb./sth.+adj. 使某人/某物处于……状态
Rainy days make me sad.雨天令我伤感。
make sb.do sth. 使某人做某事
They made each group take notes in different ways.他们让每个小组用不同的方法做笔记。
make sb./sth.done 使某人/某物被……
Can you make the work done in half an hour 你能在半小时之内完成这项工作吗？
7、treat n. 款待；招待 v. 招待；请（客）
n. 款待；招待 give sb.a treat招待某人
v. 招待；请（客） treat sb.to sth.请某人吃某物用某物款待某人
v. 对待;把……看作;治疗" treat...as.."把……看作………"
Why not go out for dinner My treat this time. 为什么不出去吃饭呢 这次我请客
Let me treat you to some juice. 让我请你喝点儿果汁吧。
My parents taught me to treat older people kindly. 我小的时候，我的父母教导我要善待年长的人。
They treat the dog as a member of their family. 他们把这只狗视作家庭的一员。
She was treated for sunstroke. 她因中暑而接受治疗。
trick n. 花招；把戏 play a trick/tricks on sb 戏弄/捉弄某人
trick v.欺骗；欺诈 trick sb 欺骗某人
The kids are always playing tricks on others.孩子们老是耍些花招戏弄其他人。
All of the other students had been tricked. 所有其他学生都被骗了。
9、mean v. 意思是；打算；意味着 adj. 吝啬的；刻薄的
I mean（that）either of you can go there.我的意思是你们俩谁去那里都行。
I didn't mean to hurt you.我并非有意伤害你。
Success means working hard.成功意味着努力工作。
John is mean and only thinks about himself and doesn't treat others nicely.
约翰很吝啬，只考虑自己，并且对别人不友好。
10、Lie
v. 说谎 lie to sb. 对某人说谎 I would never lie to you. 我将永远不会对你说谎
n. 谎言 tell a lie/lies 说谎 I know he told a lie/ lies.我知道他说谎了
含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lay 放置;安放； 下（蛋）；产（卵） laid laid laying
lie 存在;平躺;处于 lay lain lying
说谎 lied lied lying
语境串记
The man lying there lies to his wife that he laid the money on the table.
躺在那里的那个人对他妻子撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。
11、dead die death dying
dead, die, death与 dying
dead (adj.) 强调的是“死”的状态，意为“死的；无生命的”，作表语或定语。反义词：alive, 活着的
die (v.) 强调的是“死”的动作，是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用。
death (n.) 名词，意为“死；死亡”。
dying(adj.) die的现在分词，表示“垂死的； 将死的”，常用作定语或表语。
一语辨析
The dying old man lies in bed, thinking of his dead army comrade who died for the people’s liberation and thinks it’s a worthy death.
这位奄奄一息的老人躺在床上 想起了为人民的解成事业而牺牲的战友，并认为死得其所。
punish v. 处罚；惩罚 punish sb for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而处罚某人
punishment 处罚；惩罚
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法的人都将受到惩罚。
The policewoman is punishing the driver for breaking the traffic rules.
那位女警察因那名司机违反了交通规则而惩罚他。
Punishment had very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么效果。
warn v. 警告；告诫 warning n. 警公；警示
remind v. 提醒；使想起
remind sb.of…使某人想起……
remind sb.（not）to do sth.提醒某人（不要）做某事
remind sb.+从句 提醒某人……
The movie reminds me of my childhood.这部电影使我想起了我的童年。
Please remind me to call my mother.请提醒我给我妈妈打电话。
The story reminds us that we have to decide between life and death in a very dangerous situation.
这个故事提醒我们，在非常危险的情况下我们必须作出生死抉择。
15、present n.现在；礼物 adj. 现在的
16、promise v. 承诺；许诺 n.承诺；诺言
promise sth.许诺某事
promise sb.sth.= promise sth.to sb.承诺某人某事/物
promise（not）to do sth.承诺（不）做某事
promise+（that）从句 承诺/答应……
make/keep/break a promise 许下/信守/违背诺言
They have promised their support.他们已答应给予支持。
I've promised Ian that book.=I've promised that book to Ian.我已经答应把那本书给伊恩了。
I promise not to be late again.我承诺不再迟到。
He promises that he will return the dictionary as soon as he comes back.他承诺一回来就归还词典。
If you make a promise,you shouldn't break it. 如果你许下诺言，你就不应该食言。
17、give out 分发 =hand out
Unit3
1、until的用法
直到……为止 until+时间状语从句 连词 肯定句 谓语动词：延续性动词
直到……才…… not...until+时间状语从句 否定句（=till） 谓语动词：非延续性动词
直到……为止 until+时间点的词或短语 介词 肯定句 谓语动词：延续性动词
I waved to you until I couldn't see you anymore.我向你挥手直到再也看不见你。
She won't leave until/till the rain stops.直到雨停她才会离开。
He continued working up until midnight.他一直工作到午夜。
pass v. 经过，通过
pass vt.经过、通过 I invited him in when he passed my house last time.上次他路过我家时我请他进来了。
vt.传递；递 Pass me some salt, please.=Pass some salt to me, please.请递给我一些盐。
vt.考试及格，通过（考试） The kid is doing his lessons carefully in order to pass the test.为了通过考试，那个孩子正在认真做功课
vi.(时间)过去；流逝 The days passed slowly.日子慢慢地过去。
besides与beside
besides 除……之外;（还）…… Besides this show, also watches many other online food programs.除了这个节目，她还观看很多其他的网络美食
beside 在……旁边;在……附近 He came in,took off his coat and sat down beside me.他走进来，脱下外套，在我旁边坐了下来。
4、go past=pass by
past 从……旁边经过 Will you go past/pass by my house on your way home你回家的路上会经过我家吗
晚于，在……之后 It's half past ten. 现在10点半。
past，across，through与over
past 从……旁边经过 through 从物体内部穿过
across 从物体表面横过 over 从物体上方越过或跨过
5、rush v.&n. 仓促;急促
rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事
rush out of 冲出……
rush into 冲进……里
He rushed to help his friend.他赶紧去帮他的朋友。
He rushed out of the room when the bell rang. 铃响了，他冲出房间。
Now we're rushing into the time full of high technology.现在我们正迈人充满高科技的时代。
When you're in a rush, it's easier to make mistakes.你在匆忙之中更容易犯错。
6、
Anything to do with the old house fascinates me.任何与这个古屋有关的东西都深深吸引着我。
The students were fascinated by his ideas.学生们对他的想法极感兴趣。
Old castles have a certain strange fascination for me.古城堡对我有某种奇特的吸引力。
convenient adj.便利的；方便的
convenience n. 【不可数】 方便； 【可数】 便利的事物（或设施）
It is very convenient for passengers to use e-tickets when they are taking high-speed trains.
乘客在乘坐高铁时使用电子车票非常方便。
We are enjoying the convenience of modern technology.我们正享受着现代科技带来的便捷。
The house has all the modern conveniences.这座房子拥有所有现代化的便利设施。
8、request n.&v. 要求；请求
1) 作名词:要求请求(比较正式的请求) request+ for，引出请求的具体内容。
They have made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。
作动词: 要求请求 常见用法有:
request sth. (from sb.) （向某人）请求某事/某物 She requested permission to take part in the match.她请求批准去参加比赛。
request sb. ( not )do sth. 请求/要求某人 （ 不要）做某事 The waiter requested me not to smoke in the restaurant.服务员要求我不要在餐馆里吸烟。
request+that从句 要求…… She requested that no one(should)be late for the meeting.她要求任何人不得开会迟到。
polite adj. 有礼貌的客气的 impolite adj. 不礼貌的；粗鲁的
politely adv. 礼貌地；客气地 impolitely adv. 无礼地
When a person visits a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.
当一个人去国外访问时，知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助是很重要的。
It is polite to say "thank you" very often,even to family members.经常说"谢谢"是很礼貌的，即使是对家人。
It's considered impolite to talk with your mouth full.说话时满嘴食物被认为是不礼貌的。
correct adj. 正确的；恰当的 correct---incorrect"不正确的"---correctly"正确地"。
correct v. 纠正；批改
He gave a correct answer to the question.他给出了这个问题的正确答案。
If I remember correctly，he is Spanish.如果我没记错的话，他是西班牙人。
It's necessary to correct his mistakes.有必要纠正他的错误。
He's been correcting the kids' homework for hours.他已经批改孩子们的家庭作业好几个小时了。
11、direct/d 'rekt，dar'rekt/adj.直接的；直率的
Try to make a direct connection between the object and the English word.
努力在物体与英语单词之间建立直接的联系。
He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are.
他为人很直率，所以你总能知道他的真实看法。
Losing weight is an indirect result of smoking cigarettes.吸烟间接导致体重减轻。
He remained active in the theatre as a playwright and director.他仍然在戏剧界担任编剧和导演
12、spend，take，pay与cost
spend 主语：人 sb. spends time (in) doing sth.sb. spends money (on) doing sth.sb. spends time/money on sth. 某人花费时间做某事某人花费金钱做某事某人在某事/某物上花费时间/金钱
take 主语：it it takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
pay 主语：人 sb. pays some money for sth. 某人为某物花费多少钱
cost 主语：物 sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱
Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all his life working for people on the earth.
许多人敬仰袁隆平，因为他一生都在为地球上的人们工作。
I spent 100 yuan on the present.我花了100元买这件礼物。
It took me 20 minutes to get to school.我花了20分钟到达学校。
We paid 150 yuan for the meal.这顿饭我们花了150元。
The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan.这个书包花了我50元。
13、seem的常见用法
I know that it seems difficult for you,but it will help you build up your confidence.
我知道这对你来说很难，但它会帮助你建立信心。
Sue works carefully,so she never seems to make mistakes.苏工作很认真，所以她似乎从不犯错。
It seems that no one knows that.似乎没有人知道那件事。
Unit4
1、
Our teacher is a humorist. He has a good sense of humor. He always tells us humorous stories, but today's story is humorless.
我们的老师是 一个诙谐风趣的人。他很有幽默感。他总是 给我们讲幽默的故事，但是今天的故事不幽默.
silent adj.不说话的、沉默的 silently adv. 安静的、沉默地
silence n. 沉默、寂静
I don't like the silent hours of the night.我不喜 欢晚上寂静的时间。
Please look at the sign. It says " Keep silent. 请看告示牌。上面写着”保持安静”。
Listen silently when people want to express their poor feelings.
当人们想要表达他们糟糕的心情时，就静静地聆听吧。
In many countries, people put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for silence.在许多国家， 人们将手指竖起来放在嘴边来要求安静。
They walked on in silence for a while.他们默 默地继续走了一会儿。
3、
4、 since conj.(连词) 既然；因为
since prep(.介词) 自 ......以后;从......以来
Joey and Marina have lived a happy life since they got married.
乔伊和玛丽娜自结婚以来一直 过着幸福的生活。
The factory has been here since the 1970s. 这家工厂自20世纪70年代以后就在这里了
Since you have drunk so much wine, you mustn’t drive.既然你喝了这么多酒，那就绝对不能开车
5、
score n.名词 1、（考试中的）成绩、分数；2、（游戏、比赛中的）得分、比分、进球
v.动词 1、（在游戏、比赛中的）得分
They can also get scores from taking classes. 他们也可以通过上课来获得分数。
The final score was two - zero.最终的比分为 2：0
Great cheers went up when he scored in the last minute of the game.
当他在比赛的最后一分钟 得分时,人群爆发岀了热烈的欢呼声。
She scored 98 in the French exam.她在法语考试中得了98分。
interview / nt vju / v.采访、面试
interviewer / nt vju / n.采访者、支持面试者
Interviewee / nt vju i / n.被采访者、参加面试者
These days we are interviewing some students for the coming art festival.
这些天我们在为即将到来的艺术节采访一些学生。
We interviewed Mike about his own cooking.我们就迈克的厨艺采访了他。
There is an interview with Mr. Chen in our school's meeting room.
在我们学校的会议室里有一个对陈先生的采访。
He has an interview next week for the manager’s job. 他下周要接受一个经理职位的面试。
7、alone与lonely 孤独
alone 侧重独身一人，，没有同伴，指的是客观情况 adj. 独自一人的，单独的 作表语
adv. 独自一人地，单独地 作状语
lonely 侧重情感上的孤独 adj. 孤独的，寂寞的
指某地的客观状况 adj. 偏僻的，人迹罕至的
Her parents were not at home, and she was alone.
Robinson floated to a lonely island alone. But because of Friday，he didn't feel lonely.
鲁滨逊独自漂浮到一座荒岛上。不过因为星期五（的陪伴），他并不感到孤独。
8.require v. 需要，要求→ n.要求 requirement
【固定搭配】
require sth. 需要某物
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
（sth）require doing 某事需要被做（主动形式表被动含义）
require+that从句......, that从句要用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，should可省略
Prepare v. 准备 prepared adj. 准备好，有所准备 preparation n. 准备
prepare for… 为……做好准备
be prepared for sth 为……做好准备
prepare sth.for sb. 为某人准备好某物
prepare oneself for sth. 使某人自己为某事做好准备
prepare to do sth .=get/be ready to do sth 准备做某事
Prepare for the worst, hope for the best, and be unsurprised by everything in between.
做最坏的打算，抱最好的希望，对两者之间的一切都不感到惊讶。
We are not prepared to accept these conditions. 我们还没准备好接受这些条件。
We have to be prepared for any difficulty.我们必须为任何困难做好准备。
Mom prepared a big lunch for us.妈妈为我们准备了一顿丰盛的午餐。
During the vacation,you can do what you like and prepare yourself for the future.
在假期期间，你可以做你喜欢做的事情，使自己为将来做好准备。
We're preparing to go on vacation.我们正准备去度假。
advise v. 建议→n.(不可数n.) advice
suggest v. 建议→n.(可数n.) suggestion(s)
advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要)做某事
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
advise+that从句 建议…… 从句谓语动词用“（should+）动词原形”
Her doctor advised her to take a good rest.她的医生建议她好好休息。
I advise riding shared bikes to go there.我建议骑共享单车去那里。
The teacher advised me that I (should) pay attention to my spelling.老师建议我注意拼写。
Sam gave me a piece of advice on how to improve my English.
就如何提高我的英语水平，萨姆给了我一条建议。
suggest sth (to sb)（向某人）建议某事
suggest doing sth 建议做某事
suggest+that从句 建议…… 从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“（should+）动词原形”
May I suggest a white wine with this dish,sir
先生，吃这道菜，我给您推荐一种白葡萄酒，好吗
In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest calling pi（π）"Zu Lv".
为了纪念祖（冲之），一些数学家建议将π称为“祖奉”
In the past, doctors suggested adults drink eight glasses of water a day.
在过去，医生建议旅游人一天喝8杯水。
His smile suggested（that） he was satisfied.他的微笑表明他是满意的。
A professional writer will give you more useful suggestions.一个职业作家会给你更多有朋建议。
make it
"及时赶到" We just made it in time to the wedding. 我们刚刚及时赶上了婚礼
"成功做到" Don't give up our hopes. As long as we pull together, we'll make it
不要放弃我们的希望。只要我们团结一致，就一定可以做到。
14、absent adj. 缺席，不在→ n. 缺席，缺乏absence → adj.出席的, 在场的（反义词）present
Mary is absent from class today because she is in hospital.玛丽今天没来上课，因为她住院了
Will you please take care of my dog during my absence我不在时，你能帮我照顾一下我的狗吗
fail v. 失败→ n.失败failure 反义词：v. 成功succeed→ n. 成功success v. 通过pass
She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
她失败了很多次，但是她从来没放弃过努力和试验。
I failed（in）my exam again.我又一次考试不及格。
Never fail to be thankful to your parents,your teachers and your friends.要永远感激你的父母、老师和朋友。
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
He was a failure as an actor.他当演员并不成功。
15、influence n./ v. 影响→ adj.受影响的influenced→n. 影响者，有影响力的人influencer
She is influenced by her friends. 她受到朋友的影响。
My advice has no influence on his actions. 我的劝告没有影响他的行动。
16、General adj. 总的普,普遍的；常规的 in General 通常，大体上
General n.将军 Generally adv. 一般地，普遍地
The general opinion is that the meeting was a success. 普遍认为这次会议是成遍的
As a general rule, prices follow demands. 一般而言，物价随需求而变化。
There are several generals taking part in the meeting. 有几位将军正在参加会议。
In general, a younger child needs more sleep than an older one.
通常，年幼的孩子比年长的孩子需要更多的睡眠。
Yuan Longping is generally regarded as the greatest scientist in rice planting.
袁隆平被普遍认为是水稻种植方面最伟大的科学家。
17、deal with 与do with 处理
deal with“处理”常与 how 连用，侧重于解决问题，强调处理问题的方法。
How do you deal with these new problems
（2）do with“处理”一般与 what 搭配使用，侧重于对某物的利用。
What do you do with your camera
18、become, turn, get和go 四者皆可译为“变得，变成”
become通常指身份、职位的变化 She became an English teacher.
turn 指颜色或性质的变化 The leaves in the trees turn yellow in autumn.
get 多用于口语，表示一种变化的过程，强调“渐渐变得” ，其后常接形容词的比较级。
The days are getting longer and longer in summer.
go 指食物变质，腐烂，也常指不好的状态 he went mad last year. 他去年疯了。
Unit5
1、
be made of 由……制成 从成品中能够看出原材料(物理变化)
be made from 从成品中看不出原材料，(化学变化)
be made in 在……地方制造 in后接表示地点或者时间的名词
be made by 由……制造 by后接动作的执行者
be made into 被制成…… 指某种原材料被制成某物
The table is made of wood and it was made by my uncle. 这张桌子是木制的，而且它是由我叔叔制作的。
Books are made of paper and paper is made from wood. 书籍由纸制成，纸由木头制成。
This kind of perfume is made in France.这种香水产于法国。
Folk art is made by common people who have not been trained as artists.
民间艺术是由没有受过艺术训练的普通人创作的。
These orange peels can be made into medicine for sale. 这些橘子皮可以加工成药材出售。
2、fair
fair n. 展览会、交易会 There will be a fashion fair this weekend.
adj. 公平的；公正的反义词unfair We must be fair to both sides.
合理的；适当的反义词unfair She offered me a fair price for my record collection.
浅色的；白皙的反义词dark Helen has fair hair and skin.
famous
1.be famous for 因…而出名,以…著称，后一般跟事物
2.be famous as 作为…而闻名，后面一般跟人
3.be famous to 对...是熟悉的，为...所熟知的，后一般跟人
Edison is famous to the world. He is famous as a great inventor and is famous for the invention of light bulb.
爱迪生为世人所熟知，他作为一个伟大的发明家被众人知晓，因发明电灯泡而家喻户晓。
4、
It is widely known that he is good at speaking in public.众所周知，他擅长在公共场合发言。
It’s a wide river.这是一条宽阔的河流。
The bridge is 30 meters in width.这座桥宽30米。
5、process v. 加工；处理 process n. 过程 in the process of...……的过程中
Workers are processing tea leaves in the factory. 工人们正在工厂里加工茶叶。
This process uses many parts of the brain at one time,这个过程同时运用了大脑的许多部位。
In the process of making jeans, denim is treated with many types of man-made chemicals.
在制作牛仔裤的过程中，牛仔布经过多种人造化 学品的处理。
6、avoid v避免 、回避
avoid sb./sth. 回避某人/某事
avoid doing sth .防止做某事避免做某事
I think my son is avoiding me.我觉得儿子在回避我。
For safety,drivers must avoid smoking while driving. 为了安全起见，司机在驾驶期间必须避免抽烟。
【拓展】 接动名词作宾语的常用动词
advise doing sth. 建议做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事
avoid doing sth. 防止做某事 consider doing sth. 思索做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 give up doing sth. 保持做某事
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事 put off doing sth. 推延做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
巧学妙记
后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）
忙于完成已习惯（be busy，finish，be/get used to)
考虑建议弃思念（consider，suggest/advise，give up,miss)
继续练习不禁想（keep，practice，can't help，feel like)
介意避免和喜欢（mind，avoid，enjoy）
experience n. 可数名词：经历；不可数名词：经验
experience v. 经历，遭受，体验
What a pleasant experience! 多么愉快的一次经历呀!
I'll share some of my experience. 我将分享我的一些经验。
You can experience wonderful activities such as VR games, driving games, recycling games and so on.
你可以体验精彩的活动，例如虚拟现实游戏、驾驶游戏、回收游戏等。
own adj. 自己的;
own prop.(介词) 自己的，本人的; of one's own 属于某人自己的 on one's own独自地，单独地
own v. 拥有
My brother owns(v.)his own(adj.)room. He has a model plane of his own(pron.).He made it on his own（pron.）last month. 我哥哥拥有自己的房间。他有一架他自己的模型飞机。上个月他自己制作了这个模型。
light v. （lit-lit /lighted-lighted）点燃；照亮
Light n.(不可数)： 光亮光线 （可数）：灯
Amy lit a candle.埃米点燃了一支蜡烛。
0ur way was lit by a bright moon.一轮明月照亮了我们的路。
The room gets enough light in the afternoon.房间在下午光线充足。
Please pay attention to the traffic lights when （you are）walking on the street.
在街上行走时请注意交通信号灯。
10、 rise 与 raise
rise vi. 上升，攀升 物体自身移向较高的位置 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
raise Vt. 举起，抬高 人为地移动 He raised his hand when the teacher asked the question. 老师问那个问题的时候，他举起了手。
11、 alive/live/living和lively的异同
(1) lively 活泼的、快活的、生动的 指人或物, (作定语或表语）
(2) alive, live, living 活的、有生命的
alive adj. 活着的 在系动词后做表语，后置定语
living adj. 活着的，活的，用在名词前做定语 all living things 所有生物
n. 生计，谋生，收入 earn one’s living 维持生计
live （1）[liv] v. 居住，生存
（2）[laiv] adj.&adv. 现场直播的，现场演出的;在现场直播，在现场表演（或录制）
Who is the lively boy in the picture 照片中那个活泼的男孩是谁
He is one of the oldest men alive in the world. 他是世界上仍健在的最老的人之一。
The river is so dirty that no living things can live in it. 河水这么脏，以至于没有生物能在里面生存。
There are many live animals.有许多活的动物。
The World Cup in France was the biggest live football match in the world. 世界杯是最大的现场足球比赛
be used for（介）+v-ing 用来做…
be used as 意为“被用作……
be used by 意为“被……使用”
Wood can be used to making paper.
English is used as the second language in many countries.
English is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
Unit6
1、pleasure n. 高兴，愉快
Come in, please.
He is a difficult man to please. 他是个难以取悦的人。
Lucy seemed pleased at the suggestion.露西好像建议很满意。
The walk was very pleasant.
Smell（smelt-smelt/smelled-smelled）
常见的系动词（ｂｅ除外）归纳：
六”变化” get turn become grow go come
五“感官”look，sound smell taste feel
三“保持”keep stay remain
trade n. 贸易，交易；
trade v.做买卖，从事贸易； trade (in sth) with sb 与某人交易（某物）
trader n. 商人
Yancheng, an energetic city, has set up trade relations with lots of countries and areas.
盐城是一个充满活力的城市，与许多国家和地区建立了贸易关系。
They had years of experience of trading with the West.他们有数年与西方做生意的经验。
Traders shipped goods to people from other areas.商人们把货物运送给其他地方的人们。
take place 发生；出现
take place 发生、出现 根据计划或安排发生，有事先预料或计划的意思
happen 发生 偶然性、未能预见其发生
take the place of sb/sth 代替某人/某物 =take sb’s place
Bill is always interested in stories that take place in museums.比尔总是对发生在博物馆里的故事感兴趣。
A car accident happened last night.昨天晚上发生了一起车祸。
Our teacher is ill. Miss Li will take the place of him to give us the lesson.
= Our teacher is ill.Miss Li will take his place to give us the lesson.
我们的老师病了，李老师将代替他给我们上这节课。
Nothing can ever take the place of real love. 没有什么可以代替真正的爱。
doubt n. 疑问 without doubt 毫无疑问；的确
Doubt v. 怀疑 肯定句：接whether 从句；否定句和疑问句：接that 从句。
You can ask me if there is any doubt. 如果有任何疑问，你可以问我。
No one doubts his ability.没有人怀疑他的能力。
We doubt whether he will come.我们怀疑他是否会来。
There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed. 毫无疑问我们的实验将会成功。
ring-rang-rung
including included与 include
Including（介词）+名词/代词 包括……在内
名词+included（形容词） 包含的，包括在内的
include （动词） 包括，包含
——How much should I pay我该付多少钱
——18 yuan in all,including the blue pen.=18 yuan in all，the blue pen included.
一共18元，包括那支蓝色的钢笔。
Labor education includes housework,school labor and community voluntary services and so on.
劳动教育包括家务劳动、学校劳动和社区志愿服务等。
divide与separate
Divide 将整体分为若干部分 divide...into... 把……分成……
separate 把在一起的个体分开 separat...from... 与……分开
The teacher divided us into four teams. 老师把我们分成四组。
The soldiers are divided into 2 teams to finish the task. 士兵们被分成两组来完成这项任务。
A high wall separated our back yard from the playing field. 我们的后院和运动场之间隔着一堵高墙。
Unit7
1、safety n. 安全；安全性
for safety 为了安全起见；in safety =safely 安全地
field n. 田野、场地； in the field of在……方面、在……领域
My mother picked some vegetables from the vegetable field.我妈妈从菜地里摘了一些蔬菜。
We need to build a new football field.我们需要建一个新的足球场。
Confucius was a pioneer in the field of education.孔子是教育领域的先驱。
lift v. 举起；抬起 n.电梯；搭便车
The suitcase is so heavy that he can't lift it up. 这个行李箱太重了以至于他提不起来。
Her office is on the 15th floor.Let's take the lift. 她的办公室在15层。我们乘坐电梯吧。
Can you give me a lift/ride to go shopping 我能搭你的顺风车去购物吗？
4、badly adv. 严重地；差；非常
regret v./n. 感到遗憾；懊悔
Regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事（已做完）
Regret to do sth. 遗憾/后悔去做某事（还没做）
I regret troubling you for so long.我很抱歉麻烦了你那么久。
I regret to tell you that you didn't pass the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过考试。
She expressed her regret at the choice.她对这个选择表示懊悔。
manage v. 完成（困难的事）；应付（困难局面）
manage v. 管理；（公司、队伍、组织等）
manage v. 控制住；操纵；能对付
manager n. . 管理者; management n 经营；管理
---The program has helped the poor return to a normal life. 该计划帮助穷人恢复了正常生活。
---Great, I don't know exactly how they managed it.太好了，我不知道他们究竟是怎么做到的。
She's 82 and can't manage on her own any more.她82岁了，照顾不了自己了
His father is a manager. He manages an advertisement company. He does well in management.
他父亲是一位管理者，管理着一 家广告公司。他擅长管理。
The teacher knows how to manage his students. 这位老师知道怎样管住他的学生。
manage to do sth 设法做成某事 强调通过努力达到了目的，结果是成功的
try to do sth. 尽力做某事 强调过程，结果不一定是成功的
Although I fell over many times,I managed to skate at last.尽管我摔倒了很多次，但是我最终会滑冰了。
I tried to solve the math problem,but I failed.我尽力解答这道数学题，但我失败了。
support v./n. 支持
support sb/sth(in...) （在……方面）支持某人/某事
support (不可数) 支持
support n. 养活；赡养；资助；赞助
Let's support each other and help each other. 让我们互相支持，互相帮助吧。
Without their support, I wouldn't be able to make it here today.没有他们的支持，我今天就不会成功。
Tough and strong,my dad had worked so hard all of his life to support us.
我的爸爸坚强又强大，为了养活我们，他一生都在努力工作。
Several major companies are supporting the project.几家大公司正在对这一项目提供资助。
Against prep. 反对；碰；撞； be against（doing）sth. 反对（做）某事。反义词for （支持）
I'm against the plan.我反对这个计划。
She is against seeing him.她不想见他。
拓展against的其他常见含义
Unit8
attend v. 出席；参加
attend 正式用语 常指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼及去上课、上学、听报告等
take part in 重在说明参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。
join 指加入某党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等并成为其中的一员。（短暂性的动作）
join in+v-ing 一般指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动
Jenny was so busy that she didn't attend the meeting yesterday. 珍妮昨天太忙了，所以没去参加会议。
How many countries will take part in the World Cup 有多少个国家要参加世界杯
I joined the Party when I was 20. 我 20岁时加入了中国共产党。
Can I join in the game 我可以参加这个游戏吗
value n. 价值； v. 重视，珍惜
value--- valuable(珍贵的，宝贵的)---valueless(不值钱的，没有价值的)
She sold everything of value that she had.她卖掉了她所有值钱的东西。
Value what you have.珍惜你所拥有的。
Real friendship is more valuable than money.真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。
This book is totally valueless to me.这本书对我来说毫无价值。
valuable 常指物质、金钱方强调物品贵重、珍贵
worth 既指物质上的，也指精神上的，强调价值 be worth+ 钱数 值……钱be worth doing sth 值得做某事
The job gave me a lot of valuable experience. 这份工作给了我许多宝贵的经验。
The book may be worth many pounds这本书可能值很多英镑。
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。
pick up 1）捡起，拿起； 2） （开车）接人； 3）接电话； 4）收拾，整理； 5）得，感染
She went over to the crying child and picked her up. 她走到啼哭的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。
I’ll pick you up at the station.我将开车到车站接你。
The phone rang and I picked it up.电话响了，我接了起来。
Pick up your room before you go out.出去之前收拾一下你的房间。
I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.我似乎从什么地方染上了重感冒。
noise n. 声音，噪音； noisy adj.吵闹的，嘈杂的
It's noisy outside. Let's go out and see who is making such（a）noise.
外面很吵闹，我们出去看看是谁在制造这种噪声。
noise，sound与 voice
noise 多指不悦耳的吵闹声、嘈杂声，可与make连用noise
sound 泛指能听见的自然界的各种声音，不带有任何感彩
sound 多指人说话、唱歌的声音，不可与make连用voice
There was a loud noise outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his voice, "Light travels much faster than sound." 教室外面一片嘈杂声，物理老师只得提高了嗓音说"光的传播速度比声音快得多。"
5、else 与 other
疑问词或不定代词+else 副词 What else did he say 他还说了些什么 Have you got anything else to wear 你还有别的衣服穿吗
other+名词 形容词 Are there any other questions 还有其他的问题吗
6、asleep 与 sleepy
asleep 形容词 睡着的 常用作表语或宾语补足语
sleepy 形容词 困倦的，瞌睡的 常作定语或表语
Jim didn't sleep well last night. He is tired and feels sleepy now,so he falls asleep soon at his desk.
昨晚吉姆睡得不好。现在他很累，感觉很困倦，因此趴在桌子上很快就睡着了。
suit v. 适合；n.西服，套装 suitable adj. 适合……的
Why are you wearing a coat,It’s not very suitable for the hot weather.
你为什么穿着外套呢？它不是很适合这种炎热的天气。
fit 多指衣服尺码、大小、形状适合（强调客观） 两者的主语通常是物
suit 多指样式、花色适合或指合乎某种条件（强调主观)
The suit fits you well, but its color doesn't suit you.你穿这套西服很合身，但它的颜色不适合你。
6、receive 与accept
receive 收到 指客观“收到”，但并不一定会接受。
accept 接受 (指经过考虑，表示自己愿意接受) accept反义词为 refuse refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
I’m very glad he accepted my present.
He received his invitation to his birthday party.But he is going to refuse it.
He refused to stay here because it was too hot.
prevent v. 预防阻止 prevention n. 预防
prevent.. (from)doing sth. 阻止…做某事 = keep/stop.from doing sth.
They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy.
We should prevent the accident(from) happening.
His research in the field of disease prevention produced unexpected results.
because，since，as 与 for
because 因为 从属连词，语气最强 常用来回答由 why 提出的问题，注意because与so不能连用。
since 因为；既然 从属连词，语气比because弱，侧重主句，常用于句首。 从句表示推断的理由或原因已为人们所知。
as 由于；因为 从属连词，语气比 since 弱，主从并重 从句说明原因，主句说明结果。
for 因为；由于 并列连词，不用于句首。其前一般用逗号与前面的分句隔开， 用以补充说明原因。
Tom can't afford the violin because it's too expensive. 汤姆买不起那把小提琴，因为它太贵了。
Since we've made the promise, let's keep to it and not give up easily.
既然我们已经许下了诺言，我们就信守承诺，不要轻易放弃。
As you're tired，you'd better have a rest.你累了，所以你最好休息一下。
He felt no fear，for he was a brave man.他毫不害怕，因为他是一个勇敢的人。
point out; point to 与point at
point out out是副词 指出
point to to是介词，表示指的方向 指向 指向离说话人较远的事物
point at at是介词，表示指的对象 指着 习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物
Can you point out the hotel on this map = Can you point the hotel out on this map
你能在地图上指出这家旅馆的位置吗
There is a mistake in this sentence. Can you point it out这个句子中有一处错误。你能把它指出来吗？
He pointed to the door and there I saw a girl smiling at me.他指向门，我看见那里有一位姑娘朝着我微笑。
The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said,"You must look carefully."
老师指着黑板说"你们必须看仔细。"
energy n. 不可数：活力；精力 可数：精力；力量（常用复数）
energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
Our new teacher is full of energy.我们新来的老师精力充沛
She put all her energies into her work.她把她的全部精力投入到了工作中。
He feels that young people are more energetic and can perform better for the rest of the day.
他认为年轻人精力更充沛，可以在这天剩下的时间内表现得更好。
position n. 位置；地方
He reversed the position of the two stamps. 他将两枚邮票的位置调换了一下。
Is everyone in position 大家都就位了吗
Out of position，out of administration. 不在其位，不谋其政。
honor v. 尊重；表示敬意 n. 荣幸；荣誉
Unit9
prefer v. 更喜欢（preferred， preferred）
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
Prefer A to B “与B相比，更喜欢A”， to是介词，to前后的形式要保持一致。
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. =would rather do sth than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事
I prefer to travel by plane because it's both fast and safe.我更喜欢乘飞机旅行，因为它既快捷又安全。
He prefers swimming to surfing.和冲浪相比，他更喜欢游泳。
I much prefer jazz to rock music.我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。
She prefers to stay at home rather than go to the movies. 她宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。
Nowadays most people would rather pay online than use cash .
=Nowadays most people prefer paying online to using cash.
2、stick v. 粘贴将……刺入 n.(可数名词 ): 枝条、棍
stick sth. into... 将某物刺入……里
stick sth. on... 把某物粘在……上
Don’t stick your chopsticks into the rice. 不要把筷子插入米饭中。
I stuck the photo on the album.我把照片粘贴到相册上。
They collected sticks to make a fire.他们收集木棒来生火。
stick to+名词/代词： 坚持固守 后接表示“诺言、观点、计划、原则、规定”等的名词
stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事
He always sticks to his decision.他总是坚持他的决定。
They stuck to going there by taxi yesterday. 昨天他们坚持乘出租车去那里。
3、Mind v. 介意 n. 大脑；想法 mind（sb.'s /one's）doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
Do you mind opening the door 你介意打开门吗
An idea went into my mind suddenly. 一个想法突然闪过我的大脑。
4、
辨 析 ： especially与specially
especially 表示“尤其；特别”,用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。在句中常用作插入语。
specially 修饰动词，表示为了某一特定目的而“特意地；专门地”采用某一方式做某事。和动词之间不使用标点符号。
The car is quite small, especially if you have children. 这辆车相当小，尤其是如果你有孩子。
The books are specially sent to the disabled people, especially to the blind men.
这些书是专门送给残疾人的尤其是盲人。
5、sense v. 感觉到意识到 n. 感觉意识理解力判断力
marry v. 嫁；娶
拓展：marry与get married（表短暂性动作） 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
be married （表状态） 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
They got married three years ago. 他们三年以前结婚了。
They have been married for three years. 他们结婚三年了。
7、 pity n. 遗憾；怜悯 v. 同情怜悯
—I missed the first part of the speech. 我错过了演讲的第一部分。
—What a pity. 真遗憾常见的口语表达，用于表达遗憾的心情。
8、wound injure hurt damage
辨 析 ： wound injure hurt damage
wound v/n.主要指肉体上的“创伤”，一般指严重的外伤
injure v/n. 伤害，尤指在事故中受伤
hurt v/n.指肉体或精神上的伤害
damage v/n.主要指对价值和功能的破环，多用于无生命的东西，通常指部分性的损坏
The doctor is checking the soldier's wound. 医生正在检查那名士兵的伤口。
Two soldiers were wounded in the battle. 这场战役中有两名士兵受伤。
It hurts when I bend my knee. 我的膝盖一弯就痛。
As she injured her finger,she couldn't type as fast as ever. 由于她弄伤了手指，所以打字没有以前那样快
The damage was slight. 损失很少。
Smoking can seriously damage your health. 吸烟会严重损害你的健康。
9、master n. 大师；能手；主人 v. 掌握
Abing was a great erhu master.阿炳是一位伟大的二胡大师。
Who is the cat’s master谁是这只猫的主人
It's hard to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很难。
Young people should master English and computer technology.年轻人应该掌握英语和计算机技术。
10、praise v/n. 表扬;赞扬
Our English teacher praised her because of her beautiful handwriting.
我们的英语老师因为她漂亮的书写表扬了她。
He received praise from his parents for winning the prize. 他因获得该奖而受到父母的称赞。
praise的固定短语
1.Sing high praise for 高度赞扬 2.praise sb.for sth. 因某事而赞扬某人
3.Receive praise from sb. 得到某人的称赞 4.win high praise 受到高度赞扬
5.give praise to sb. 表扬某人
11、as做连词的用法
疾病、疼痛的表达
短语动词后面接动名词
1.feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”。 2.look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事
3.pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 4.have fun doing sth.做某事很开心
5.have problems/trouble/difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难 6.can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
7.can’t stand doing sth.无法容忍做某事 8.give up doing sth.放弃做某事
9.put off doing sth.推迟做某事 10.keep on doing sth.持续做某事
11.depend on doing sth.取决于做某事 12.worry about doing sth.担心做某事
13.think about doing sth.考虑做某事 14.succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
15.stick to doing sth.坚持做某事 16.be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
14.case n. 情况；情形
1、in that case既然那样 2、in case of+名、代、动名词 如果；假使
3、in case以防；以防万一 4、in any case无论如何；不管怎样
Oh,in that case,I'll ask someone who likes serious movies.
哦，那样的话，我还是去邀请喜欢看严肃电影的人吧。
The flood has caused huge economic losses, as is the case with this village.
洪水导致巨大的经济损失，这个村庄就是个例子。
In that case，you can win the basketball game. 如果那样的话，你们就能够赢得篮球比赛
Unit10
bow的用法 v . bow to… 向……鞠躬； bow one’s head 低头
n. 弓，鞠躬，蝴蝶结
People bow to each other when they meet in Japan.在日本，人们见面时相互鞠躬。
Many young people in the bus bow their heads to watch their cell phones.
在公共汽车上，很多年轻人低头看手机。
It's wrong for them to hunt the wild animals with the bows. 他们用弓来捕猎野生动物是错误的。
The students take a bow to their teacher.学生们向他们的老师鞠躬。
The girl made a beautiful bow in the art class.那个女孩在艺术课上制作了一个漂亮的蝴蝶结。
greet v. 和……打招呼；迎接 greet（to）sb.=say hello to sb. 问候某人
greeting n. 招呼；问候；迎接
She greeted（to）him with a smile.她微笑着跟他打招呼。
She greeted her guests at the door.她在门口迎接客人。
My sister sends her greetings to you all.我姐姐向你们所有人问好。
3、with +宾语+宾语补足语
（with+宾语+形容词） He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。
（with+宾语+副词） She stood before her teacher with her head down.她低着头站在老师面前。
（with+宾语+名词） He died with his son yet a schoolboy.他去世时，他儿子还是个学生。
（with+宾语+介词短语） She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。
（with+宾语+现在分词） The old man fell asleep with the lamp burning.那个老人没熄灯就睡着了。
（with+宾语+过去分词） All the afternoon he worked in the room with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房间里工作。
（with+宾语+动词不定式短语） With so many people to help us，we are sure to finish it in time.
有这么多人帮助我们，我们一定能及时完成它。
4、where引导的状语从句的用法：说明主句行为发生的地点
Where I'm from, we're pretty relaxed about time. 在我的家乡，人们的时间观念不强。
Where I live，there are lots of apple trees.在我住的地方有很多苹果树。
Remember to keep the children where you can see them. 记住让孩子们待在你能够看得见他们的地方。
5、value（动词）：重视；珍视； Value（不可数名词）：价值
We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.
我们珍惜平日生活中和家人、朋友一起度过的时光。
Let's do something for our dad. We should always value father's love for us.
我们为爸爸做件事吧。我们应当一直珍视爸爸对我们的爱。
The alterations doubled the value of the house. 改建后这所房子增值了一倍。
6、drop by+地点或人；drop in at+地点 顺便拜访某地；drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
We often just drop by our friends homes if we have time.
有空的时候我们也常常会临时去朋友家拜访他们。
Can you drop by my office this afternoon to discuss the science report
今天下午你能顺便到我办公室讨论这份科学报告吗？
The teacher dropped in at another student's home.老师顺便走访了另一个学生的家。
When I dropped in on him yesterday，he was not at home.我昨天顺路去看他，但他不在家。
effort n. 努力；尽力
So I make an effort to be on time when l meet my friends.因此每次我去见朋友都会尽力做到守时。
All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力都白费了。
固定搭配:
make an effort to do sth.努力去做某事 make every effort to do sth.努力做某事
make great efforts做出巨大努力 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事
in a common effort共同努力 without effort毫不费力地，轻松地
8.knock v/n. 敲；敲击声，敲击
If there are people in the meeting room，you are supposed to knock before entering.
如果会议室里有人，你进入之前应该敲门。
Listen！Someone is knocking at/on the door. 听！有人在敲门。
Mr.Wang gave three knocks on the door. 王先生在门上敲了三下。
The car knocked against the garage door yesterday. 汽车昨天撞（击）上了车库门。
Knocking into the players is dangerous in the match. 在比赛中，撞上运动员是危险的。
He knocked a little girl down yesterday. 他昨天撞倒了一个小女孩。
Unit11
1、would rather 宁愿，表示主观上的选择，后接动词原形。其否定形式为would rather not。
He would rather stay at home in such bad weather. 这么糟糕的天气，他宁愿待在家里。
I would rather not listen to jazz.我宁可不听爵士乐。
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. =I would watch TV at home rather than go to the cinema. =I prefer to watch TV at home rather than go to the cinema. 我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影
拓展：Would+主语+rather do A or do B？ ……宁愿做A还是做B？
Would you rather read or draw？你愿意读书还是画画？
2、get to know意为“渐了解”
I spent a year getting to know her.我花了一年的时间了解她。
考点拓展
get to do sth.用于表达“逐渐成为/变为……”
She gets to love English.她逐渐爱上了英语。
（2）get to do sth.结构中get也可以用come代替，表示某事经过一个努力的过程达成。
They came/got to realize their mistake with the help of teachers.
他们在老师的帮助下终于意识到自己的错误。
3、 common，usual，general 单词用法
单词 用法 例句
common 常见的，不足为奇的，强调出现的次数频繁或范围广泛 It's too common to mention.这是司空见惯的，不值一提。
usual 平常的，惯常的，通常的，指经常出现 We will meet at the usual time. 我们将在老时间见面。
general 一般的，全体的，用于in general意为“总的说来，通常”等 He was in general quite glad to go.总的说来，他还是很乐意去。
4、辨析 late，lately，later，latest
late 形容词 迟的；晚的 Jack was twenty minutes late because of the heavy traffic.杰克因为繁忙的交通迟到了二十分钟。
副词 迟；晚 Helen is a good student and she always comes to school early and leaves late.海伦是个好学生，她上学总是早来晚走。
lately 副词 近来；最近；不久前 My friend David has received a doctor's degree lately.我的朋友大卫最近获得了博士学位。
later late的比较级 以后的；较后的；后期的；后来 His later novels were very famous.他后期的小说很出名。
latest late的最高级 最近的；最新的；最迟的 Every day we watch the latest news at home and abroad on TV.我们每天在电视上看国内外的最新新闻。
5、It's true that…的用法
It's true that I'm famous and everyone loves my songs.
我很有名，而且每个人都喜欢我的歌，这确实是真的。
考点拓展： that从句做真正的主语的句型
（1）It＋be＋adj.＋that从句.。
It is necessary that we should learn English well.我们学好英语是必要的。
（2）It+be+n.＋that从句.。
It is a shame that you haven't finished all your homework.你没有完成所有的家庭作业是羞愧的。
（3）It+be+过去分词＋that从句.。
It is said that potato chips were invented by accident.据说薯片是偶然被发明的。
6、be close to doing sth.的用法
（1）.be close to doing sth. 表示“几乎处于某种状态；快要做某事”。
We were so close to winning that game.我们差点就赢了那场比赛。
They are close to finishing their homework.他们快完成家庭作业了
（2）.be close to表示“离……近”，反义短语be far from，表示“离……远”。
Our school is close to/ far from the supermarket.我们学校离超市近/远。
7、relief n. 轻松；解脱
To his surprise and relief, his teammates all nodded in agreement.
出乎意料而又让他轻松的是，他的队友都赞成地点头。
（1）to one’s relief使某人放松的是。
To Mr.Liu's relief，his daughter behaves politely in public.
令刘先生放松的是，他女儿在公共场合表现得很有礼貌。
（2）in relief欣慰地。
He smiled in relief.他欣慰地笑了。
（3）a sense of relief解脱感。
“Great art in the right place gives citizens a sense of relief and relaxation，"he said."
伟大的艺术如果放在正确的地方会让市民们感到心情放松，”他说。
8、fault（可数）：缺点；错误；缺陷；故障。 fault（不可数）：过失；过错。
She loves me in spite of all my faults.虽然我有种种缺点，她仍然爱我。
I didn't break the window.It's not my fault.我没有打破窗户。那不是我的错。112
It's never just one person's fault.那绝不是一个人的错。
fault 指性格、情绪、心智状态、行为或者习惯的缺点。 You shouldn't demand perfection in other people，but can't see faults in yourself.你不应该要求别人完美无缺，却看不到自己的缺点。
mistake 指判断或者理解方面的错误，由于缺乏思考或者疏忽而造成的错误。 David made some spelling mistakes in his article.在大卫的文章中，他犯了一些拼写错误。
9、辨析：examine， review， check 与 test
examine 检查，测验 侧重看人或事物存在的问题（毛病）、故障或违禁等
review 检查；复查；复习 侧重再检查、复审。
check 检查；核对；核实对……进行检查=examine 侧重看前后数量等是否一致，也用于判断事物的正误、有无等
test 测验；试验 侧重看质量、水平等是否过关
We have our suitcases examined at the airport. 我们的手提箱在机场都经过了检查。
You should review your lessons before the exam. 考试之前你应该复习你的功课。
Will you check your homework yourself first？你会自己先检查一下作业吗？
I feel I'm having short sight,so I have to go and have my eyesight tested.
我感觉我近视了，因此我得去检查一下视力。
10、
wealth与treasure
wealth 作"财富"讲时是不可数名词,是一个人所拥有的资产的总称;既包括钱,也包括其他财产
treasure 作"财富"讲时是不可数名词; 作"宝物;珍宝" 讲时,是可数名词
Health is much more important than wealth. 健康比财富重要得多。
Nobody knows how he acquired his wealth. 没有人知道他是如何获得他的财产的。
There are many art treasures in this museum.这个博物馆有许多艺术珍品。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。
Our country is wealthy in natural resources. 我国自然资源丰富。
11、remain /ri'mein/v .保持不变；剩余
Remain（系动词）+形容词、名词、分词或介词短语作表语。表示某人或某物处于某种状态。
He remained silent at the meeting. 他在会上默不作声。
Peter became a manager, but Mike remained a worker. 彼得成了经理，但迈克仍是一名工人。
She remained sitting when the guests came in. 当客人进来时她仍然坐着。
A few pears remain on the tree. 树上还有几个梨。
remain, stay与keep
remain 强调“继续停留于一处或保持原状态，而情况性质不 改变”, remain常可与stay互换。
stay 强调“某人/物继续留在原地而不离开”。
keep 指“使继续下去；使较长时间保持下去”。
The students remained noisy when the teacher came in. 老师进来时学生们仍然在吵闹。
He stayed to see what would happen.他留下来看有什么情况。
We should always keep smiling.我们应该总是保持微笑。
Unit12
1、leave v. (1).忘记，丢下 (2).离开
When I got home,I realized I had left my keys in the backpack .
当我到家时，我意识到我把我的钥匙
The little girl left her English book at home this morning,这个小女孩 今天早晨把她的英语书落在家里了。
考点拓展: leave做动词，还可以表示“离开”。
leave for “前往某地”,for后接地点名词。
leave...for… “离开某地去某地(另一地)”,for前是离开之地，for后是到达之地。
leave from “从某地离开”,from后的地点是离开的地方。
We are leaving for America tomorrow.我们明天将动身去美国。
They'll leave Japan for France tomorrow.他们明天将离日赴法。
I'm leaving from school .我将要从学校离开。
考 点 辨 析 leave,forget
leave 表示“忘记”,指将某物遗忘在某个地方，其后接表示地点的词语。leave sth.十地点词语 把某物忘在某地
forget 表示“忘记”,不能同表示地点的词语连用。
She left her bag on the bus. 她把她的包忘在公交车上了。
Don't forget to bring your book . 别忘了带你的书。
2、考点 辨 析 wear,dress,put on,be in
词 汇 用 法 例 句
Wear穿着；戴着 强调状态，宾语可为服装、鞋帽、饰物、奖章等。 I don't wear glasses.我不戴眼 镜 。
Dress给 ……穿衣 表示动作或状态，宾语通常是人，dress sb. “给某人穿衣服”(动作);dress oneself给自己穿衣服；be/get dressed in …“穿着 … … ”(状态)。 Mum is dressing her son.妈妈正给她的儿子穿衣服。He is dressed in black today.他今天穿着一身黑衣服。
put on穿上；戴上 强调动作，宾语通常是衣服、 鞋帽；宾语若是代词必须放在 put和on之间；反义词组是take off。 Put on your coat;it is cold today.穿上你的外套吧，今天 冷 。
be in穿着 后接衣服、帽子等，此时可以 和wear互换；其后也可以接颜色。不能用于进行时态。 The girl in red is my sister.穿着红色衣服的女孩是我的妹 妹 。
3、be full of意为“充满；挤满”be filled with意为“充满；挤满”。full (形容词)；fill(动词)
一言辨异
The room is full of air,and this balloon is filled with air.And I want to fill that balloon with air.
房间里充满了空气，币且这个气球被充满了空气。我想把那个气球也吹起来。
4、考点辨析；above,on,over
above 在......上方2、表示温度和海拔等的高度。。 不接触，无垂直 反义词为below
on 在......上面 有接触面
over 在......正上方 不接触，垂直 反义词为under
一言辨异
The temperature in the room is six above. There is a light over her head and she is putting the plate on the table.房间的温度在零上六度。她头上有一盏灯，她正把盘子放在来子上。
5、west有三种词性：
west adv. 向西；朝西。 The building faces west.这座建筑物面朝西。
adj. 向西的 ；西部的 。 The university is in the west side of London这所大学位于伦敦的西部。
n、 西；西方。 Qinghai Province is in the west of China.青海省在中国的西部。
考点拓展 方位介词in,on,to的用法
甲地在乙地境内用in,
甲地与乙地是两个相互独立的地区并且不相连(中间有一段距离)用to,
甲地与乙地相连或相邻时，用on。
6、fool傻瓜；愚弄
fool n. 蠢人；傻瓜 It's impolite to fool other people.捉弄别人是不礼貌的。
V. 愚 弄 He is a fool . He doesn't know what to do .他是个傻瓜。他不知道做什么。
考 点 拓 展 foolish是形容词，意为“愚蠢的”。
If you try to bring up the matter again,you will be very foolish.如果你想再提出这件事，那你就太傻了。
一 言 辨 异 He is not a fool. It is very foolish of you if you want to fool him.
他不是一个傻子。如果你想愚弄他，你就太傻了。
7、office n. 办公室,事务所; officer n. 军官,官员,警官； official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
By the time police officers announced that the story was a hoax, thousands of people had left their homes.
当警察宣布这个故事是个恶作剧时，数千人已经离开了他们的家园。
There are many officers in the meeting. 在会议上有很多的官员。
There is a post office near here. 这附近有一家邮局。
Official data shows that the weather is worse and worse. 官方数据显示天气越来越糟糕。
Unit13
litter（不可数名词）： 垃圾；废弃物 ；动词：乱扔
Yes,but people are throwing litter into the river.是的，但是人们正在把垃圾扔进河里。
There is some litter on the ground.Let's pick it up.地上有一些垃圾。让我们捡起来吧。
Don't litter here and there.不要到处乱扔垃圾。
一 言 辨 异
Some people often litter litter in the street .一些人经常在大街上乱扔垃圾。
考 点 辨 析 litter,rubbish
litter 指“(在公共场所乱扔的)废弃物(尤指废纸等杂物)”。 Pick up your litter after a picnic.野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
rubbish 指“(不再想要或不需要的)废弃物或垃圾”。 The room is full of rubbish.房间里堆满了垃圾。
advantage n.优点；有利条件 反义词：disadvantage 不利因素，缺点，劣势
There are other advantages of bike riding. 骑自行车还有别的好处。
We all know online shopping has many advantages.我们都知道网上购物有很多优点。
固定指配
（1）have the advantage of胜过……
I have the advantage of him in running.我在跑步方面比他优秀。
（2）to one's advantage 对某人有利。
To her advantage，her voice is very sweet.对她有利的是，她的声音非常甜美。
（3）take advantage of利用。
I want to take advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.我想要利用这次旅行来购买我们所需的物品。
cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的 be cruel to sb./sth.对某人/某物残忍
cruelty n.残酷，残忍； cruelly adj.残酷地。
This is not only cruel,but also harmful to the environment.这种做法不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。
It was a cruel lesson.这是个惨痛的教训。
It's cruel to make fun of a dog. 捉弄狗是残忍的。
4、Harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to sb./sth.=be bad for/do harm to对……有害；反义短语为be good for 对……有好处
Reading in bed is harmful to your eyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。
Eating junk food is bad for our health.吃垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
Greenhouse gases are harmful to the environment. 温室气体对环境人有害。
5、afford v. 承担得起（后果），买得起
afford to do sth. 有能力做……；负担得起做……
afford sth. 承受得起某物
Yes,we can't afford to wait any longer to take action！是的，我们不能再等更长时间来采取行动了！
The houses are so expensive that he can't afford to buy one.房子如此贵，以至于他一栋都买不起。
Many families are richer now so they can afford a big car like SUV.
现在很多家庭更富有了，因此他们能够买得起像SUV这样的大型汽车。
I don't have enough money，so I can't afford the new house.我没有足够的钱，所以我买不起新房子。
add up 加起来 累积
All these small things could add up and become big things that would improve the environment.
所有这些小事可以累积在一起，变成会改善环境的大事
Adding two these numbers， we can find the answer. 把这些数字加起来，我们就可以找到答案.
考点拓展 不同的“增加”方式：
add 加，增加 ,既可做及物动词，又可做不及物动词；又说，补充说， 与直接或间接引语连用。
add to 增添，增加，增进。
add up to.. 总共达 …… ;加起来达到 ……。
add…to….. “把 ……加到 ……上”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。
If the tea is too strong，add some more hot water.如果茶太浓了，再加点热水。
The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
All his school education added up to no more than one year.他所有的学校教育加起来不超过一年。
Add these to the sandwich.把这些加在三明治上。
7、It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”的用法
“It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”结构， It做形式主 语，动词不定式做句子的真实主语。
It's difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation.
对于有小孩的父母来 说，使用公共交通工具很困难……
It's very important for us to study hard.对我们来说努力学习非常重要。
考点拓展
It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult,important,easy,hard,necessary,possible,dangerous,impossible等，是说明动词不定式的 。 It's very important for us to learn English well.对我们来说学好英语很重要。
It+be+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth. 此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever,foolish, good,kind,nice,polite等，用来说明of后的sb.。 It's kind of you to help me with my English.你太好了帮助我学习英语。
8、put sth.to good use 好好利用某物；充分利用某物
Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use？
你曾经想过这些东西如何能真正被好好利用吗？
If you put your study time to good use，you'll get good grades.
如果你充分利用你的学习时间，你将取得好成绩。
We should put our spare time to good use.我们应当好好利用我们的闲暇时间。
固定搭配
put on穿上 put away放好；储存put up张贴；建造 put down写下；记下put off推迟；拖延
put out扑灭；熄灭考
9、build…out of… 用……建造…
She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.
她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成的。
The bridge was built out of stones many years ago.这座桥是很多年前用石头建造的。
考点拓展 make…out of… 用……制作…
This art piece is made out of glass.这个艺术品是用玻璃做的。
need（及物动词）+动词不定式的被动语态或动名词：需要 （表示被动含义）
The window needs cleaning.=The window needs to be cleaned.这扇窗户需要清洁。
You need to finish your homework.你需要完成你的作业。
You need not worry about this.你不必为此担心。
Need he come here？他有必要来吗？
考点拓展
在英语中，短语或从句做定语时，一般置于名词之后，做后置定语。
Have you seen the sign on the wall？你看见墙上的标志了吗？（介词短语做后置定语）
There are some children boating on the lake over there. 在那边有一些在湖上泛舟的孩子。
（现在分词短语做后置定语）
They invented a machine that can do many kinds of housework.他们发明了一个能做多种家务的机器。
（从句做后置定语）
Unit14
1、survey的用法
和carry out，do，make等进行搭配。表示“对……调查”时，后面一般接介词of；表示“关于……的调查”时，后面接介词on或about。
After much delay，the results of the survey were published. 耽搁多时之后，调查结果公布了。
We did a survey of what movies students like watching.我们对学生喜欢看什么电影做了一个调查。
Our teachers are making a survey on/about getting up early.我们的老师正在做一个关于早起的调查。
2、standard n.标准；水平 meet the standard符合标准
did homework carefully to meet the standards of a strict teacher 认真做作业以达到一位严厉老师的标准
You must wear glasses if you need to meet the driving test standard.
如果你需要满足驾驶考试标准，你必须戴上眼镜。
3、row n .一排；一列；一行; row v. 划船; in a row 连续几次地。
There are two rows of trees on both sides of the road.路的两旁有两排树。
Six students stand in a row in front of the class.六个学生在全班面前站成一排。
In summer,I can swim in the river,catch the fish and row a boat with my friends.
在夏天，我可以和我的朋友们一起在河里游泳、抓鱼和划船。
I remember scoring two goals in a row during a soccer competition.我记得在一次足球比赛中连进两球。
4、instruction n. 指教师课堂讲解中的“指示；指导”，通常用复数形式。
instruction另有仪器、药物等的“使用说明；用法说明”，以及操作步骤的具体“做法；指令”之意，通常用复数。
He gave really clear instructions during P.E.class.他在体育课上给出非常清楚的指导。
Clear and brief instructions are very important for any teacher in any class.
对于任何课堂上的任何老师来说，清晰简明的讲解至关重要。
Please read the instructions carefully before you use the new mobile phone.
在使用新手机之前请仔细阅读说明书。
Read the instructions carefully before you take this medicine.服用此药之前请先仔细阅读说明。
5、guide v. 引导 guide sb.to do sth. 引导某人做某事 guide n. 导游；向导；指南；手册；准则
The teacher guided her students to cross the roads. 老师带领她的学生穿过马路。
Yes,and Mr. Brown guided me to do a lot better in science.是的，布朗老师引导我在科学方面做得更好。
He acted as a guide during the traveling.在旅行中，他充当导游。
6、double v. 加倍；是……的两倍 adj.（1）双重的；两人用的。（2）双倍的，两倍的。
Because of her, I put in more effort and my exam scores doubled.
因为她，我付出更多努力，并且考试分数翻倍了。
If you study harder than ever before，your scores will double.
如果你比以前学习更努力，你的分数将会翻倍。
Can you book a double room for me？你能帮我订一间双人房吗？
It has the double advantage of being easy and cheap.它具有既容易又便宜的双重优点。
We will g

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