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《英语》（选择性必修·第二册）
Unit 2 Sports culture
Grammar and usage
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. understand passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and know the regulations of them.
2. use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses skillfully in topics.
3. use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses to communicate with classmates freely.
4. acknowledge the sportsmanship through reading a blog written by Nicole.
II. Key competence focus
Master and practice the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
Use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses skillfully in topics.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T greets the class.
Get Ss to look at the screen and guide them to review the grammar in Unit 1.
T: Everybody, before we get down to our new lesson Let’s take a brief look at past continuous tense and past perfect tense in active voice. Look at the sentences on the screen and fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1. When I saw him he ________ (decorate) his room, so I had to chance to chat with him.
1. was decorating
2. We ________ (watch) TV from seven to nine last night.
2. were watching
3. He ________ (try) his best although he failed to pass the exam.
3. had tried
4. I ________ (want) to help you, but I was too busy then.
4. had wanted
T: Let’s check your answers. 1. was decorating 2. were watching 3. had tried 4. had wanted Sentences 1 & 2 are past continuous tense, with the form of “subject + was / were + past participle of verb”. From Sentence 1 we can see that the past continuous tense can express what happened at a certain point in the past. From Sentence 2, we can see that past continuous tense can express the action or state that happened or was going on in a certain period of time or in a certain period of time in the past.
T: Sentences 3 & 4 are the past perfect tense, with the form of “Subject + had + past participle”. From Sentence 3, we can see that the past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before a certain time in the past. From sentence 4, we can that the past perfect tense is sometimes used to express unfulfilled wishes in the past. It is mainly used in such words as “want, hope and intend”.
【设计意图：引领学生复习学过的过去完成式时和过去进行时的主动语态，有助于使学生集中注意力和有效地引入目标语法项目：过去完成式时和过去进行时的被动语态。】
Step 2 Exploring the rules
1. Ss read the following sentences and understand the definition of the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
Look at the sentences on the screen and fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1) The road ________ (repair) when I got there, so I could walk on it.
1) was being repaired
2) The house ________ (clean) when the guests arrived, so they had to stand outside.
2) was being cleaned
3) He told me not to worry, because the injured ________ (send) to hospital.
3) had been sent
4) I found that the meal ________ (prepare) and I sat at the table to enjoy myself.
4) had been prepared
T: Let’s check your answers. 1) was being repaired 2) was being cleaned 3) had been sent 4) had been prepared. If we want to express something is being done in the past time, we can think over the examples 1) to 2). And then, in the example 3) to 4), the action that has occurred or been completed at a certain time in the past or before an action. Open your notebook and write down these sentences. Understand what the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses is and what situation we should use them.
Ss read the sentences and understand the grammar.
【设计意图：让学生从语境中初步接触到语法现象，理解过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态。此处侧重教师讲解和学生领悟。】
Step 3 (A P20) Working out the rules
Learning about Rule 1
Ss read the blog written by Nicole and conclude the rules in the book.
Some sentences in the blog:
1) As my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what ___________.
1) had just been achieved
2) Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs ___________ to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part.
2) was being organized
3) I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits ___________ like never before.
3) were being tested
4) I was happy to learn that a lot of money ___________ for charity.
4) had been raised
Ss: The examples 2) and 3) express something is being done in the past time while the examples 1) and 4) express an action that has occurred or been completed at a certain time in the past or before an action. And there are some special structures in them.
T: Great! The structure “was/were being done” can be used in expressing something is being done in the past. The structure “had been done” can be used in expressing an action that has occurred or been completed at a certain time in the past or before an action.
【设计意图：利用语篇中导出的4个句子讲解句子成分和基本句子结构等知识。让学生通过观察和思考总结出有关过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态的规律。此处侧重学生认识和总结】
Step 4 (B1P20) Applying the rules
1. Compete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
1) It was an amazing achievement for a player who ________ (injure) so recently.
Step 4 1.
1) had been injured
2) The swimming pool ________ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began.
2) had been cleaned
3) He felt that his talents ________ (waste) as basketball player and was eager for a change.
3) was being wasted
4) Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he ________ (treat) by the team doctor.
4) were being treated
5) Photos of the rides ________ (take) before they got on their horses.
5) had been taken
2. (B2 P20) Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.
make, train, blow, place, carry, cheer
Some sentences in the passage:
By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m, tables (1) ________ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) ________ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help…. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3) ________ on how to be a volunteer at the half-marathon….
After all the preparations (4)________, the exciting half-marathon began…. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5)________ by the crowds… The litter (6)________ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle.
Step 4 2.
(1) had been carried (2) was being placed (3) was being trained (4) had been made (5) were being cheered (6) was being blown
Step 4 Extended Practice
Let Ss make as many sentences as possible by using the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
T: There are two structures that we have learnt today. Please make as many sentences as possible by using them.
Situation: If you are praised by teachers for the act of helping the old man cross the street, how do you share the glorious deeds with your classmates.
T: Share your sentences with your partners. Pick out the better ones and share them with us.
Ss 1:...
Ss 2:...
Ss 3:...
Step 4 Extended Practice (I)
Sample:
An old granny had been helped out the day before yesterday. Who did it I did it. And I was praised by my teacher. On Monday, a schoolbag was being carried by me on the way to school. The traffic light was being changed from red to green and I was about to cross the zebra crossing, when I found an old granny with a lot of vegetables crossing the road. But her movements seemed slow and labored. At that time, my heart was being beaten faster. Should I help her or rush to the school first Suddenly, the vegetables had been knocked down by a careless rider. She squatted on the ground to pick them up one by one, anxious face sweating. I went straight over to help her. Though late for school, I was happy a good deed had been done by me and had been praised by the old lady.
【设计意图：通过设置情景，增加学生的创造性学习空间，进一步帮助学生理解、掌握过去进行时被动语态和过去完成时被动语态的用法 。此处侧重口头表达】
Step 4 (B3 P20) Extended Practice (II)
Think about a sporting event you took part in or watched. Describe the experience using as much passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses as possible.
T: What is the sportsmanship in your mind How do you use these two structures Write about it using two structures.
…
T: After you have finished, I will invite some of you to share your writings with us. Please evaluate the writings and see if the sentences are complete in structure.
…
T: This is a sample for your reference.
Step 4 Extended Practice (II)
Sample:
I took part in the school sports meeting last term. At first, I didn’t really want to take part, but after being voted in the class, I had been chosen. So I had to go.
In the 4 x 100 event, I was the last runner, and when the baton was being handed to me, I was full of confidence and gave it my all. But when I was about 10 meters away from the finish line, my foot tripped over a rock and I got up with the pain. But it was too late. I lost the game.
When I returned to class, I had expected to be greeted with a rebuke, but no one cared about the result of my competition. Everyone was concerned about whether I had been injured. At that moment, I felt very warm.
【设计意图：这个步骤是语法知识语篇层面和新语境中的运用。语法教学的最终目的是为了运用。层层深入的活动设计体现了“学习理解－应用实践－迁移创新”英语学习活动观。此处侧重书面表达】
V. Homework
Surf the Internet and find some information about Kobe Bryant. Write a brief introduction to him and what you have learnt from him. Use passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses as much as possible.
V. Homework
Sample:
There’s only one person I can think of first, and that’s Kobe Bryant.
As a basketball player, he devoted his whole life to basketball, and his life would never say die. I still remember, in a basketball game, his little finger had been hit by a basketball and broken. That kind of pain was not bearable. However, he continued to play. Though he had suffered from the pain, dribbling, shooting, free throws, everything returned to normal. He had been driven by his inner desire to win every game. Even when he was being bothered in flagrant foul and hurt, he never gave up.
Nowadays, many friends told me they had been influenced by the spirit of Kobe Bryant, and I believe that the setbacks in study or work will not bring me down.
【设计意图：课下巩固课堂学习的语法知识，要求学生查寻有关科比的信息并写作成文，也为第四课的微课主题Kobe Bryant准备感性认识。】
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