资源简介

(共32张PPT)
被动语态
Passive voice
被动语态的概述
时态问题
用法与注意事项
变换规则
被动语态的概述
01
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
一. 被动语态的概述
He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
被动语态
语态
表示主语是动作的执行者
主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象
02
被动语态的时态问题
二. 被动语态的时态
1. 被动语态的形式： be done （be动词+及物动词的过去分词）
2. 被动语态的时态（8种）
现在 过去 将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done will be done
进行 am/ is/ are being done was/ were being done
完成 have/ has been done had been done shall/will have been done
例句：
① Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
② A new shop was built last year.
③ This book has been translated into many languages.
④ A new hospital will be built in our city.
⑤ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
⑥ The work would be finished soon by him.
4. 含有情态动词及助动词的被动语态
More measures needed be taken to prevent corrosion(n. 腐蚀).
This car had to be rapaired.
The washing machine will not be used again.
The museum is going to be rebulit.
(1) 情态动词及助动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词 /及助动词 + be + 过去分词；
其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词与助动词完成，“ be+过去分词”部分不变。
(2)常用的情态动词及助动词“can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need（需要）;have to（不得不）;be going to(将); used to(曾经); seem to(看起来); 等
① 一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提到主语之前。
陈述句： This work must be done at once.
一般疑问句： Must this work be done at once？
陈述句： Your homework should be finished at six.
一般疑问句：
(3) 含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式
Should your homework be finished at six
② 特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。
When must this work be done？
Where can the lost book be found？
特殊疑问句：
Why should your homework be finished at six
③ 反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。
This bridge can be built next year，can't it？
This book shouldn't be taken out of the library，should it？
Must this work be done at once？
Yes， it must. / No it needn’t
④否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。
This work needn't be done at once．
This dustbin shouldn't be put here．
* 含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词，但“must”表“必须”时，其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时，其肯定回答应用“must”。
5. 不定式的被动语态
不定式的主动语态形式：to + (动词原形)
不定式的被动语态形式：to be +过去分词 （to be done)
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的对象时（或是动作的承受者时）不定式一般要用被动式。它也可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语。
It is an honour for me to be invited to attend the meeting.
Nothing is allowed to be taken out of the building.
He did not like his idea to be laughed at.
He was anxious not to be misunderstood.
03
被动语态的使用规则与注意事项
1. 被动语态的使用规则
(1). 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.
He was selected as chairman of the committee.
His confidence was misread as arrogance.
(2). 当更加强调动作的承受者时。 此时动作的执行者由 by 引导, 置于谓语动词之后， 不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.
The tiger was killed by him.
My car was stolen by my neighbor.
(3). 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
The window was blown by wind.
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.
The way ahead was blocked by fallen trees.
The house was hidden by trees.
(4)、表示客观的说明常用“ It is + 过去分词”句型。通常用it 作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report，consider, expect,等
It is said that he has lost his will to live.
It is believed that he is a spy.
It was reported that the house is in excellent condition.
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
It is known that the Great Wall is one of the world's miracles.
2. 被动语态的注意事项
（1）有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。常用的动词有: sell, miss, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等。
The flower smells good.
This new book sells well.
(2). 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。
We heard him sing in his room just now.
→He was heard to sing in his room just now.
（3）感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 感官动词有smell, sound, taste, fell等。使役动词有let, make, have, help, hear, see, watch, notice, look, listen.
make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something.
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something.
① My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
② The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
③ The old lady was helped to pay with her mobile phone.
The students noticed the math teacher come into the classroom.
The math teacher was noticed to come into the classroom by the students.
They was helped to know more about the examination by a new teacher.
A new teacher helped them know more about the examination.
(4) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。物为主语时，动词后要加介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。人为主语时可不用。
主动语态：
Jack told us the truth.
被动语态
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told to us by Jack.
主动语态：
My father gave me a new bike.
被动语态
I was given a bike by my father.
A new bike was given to me by my father.
(5).一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’ t laugh at him. →He can’ t be laughed at by us.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
The dog is chasing after that cat. → That cat is being chased after by the dog.
(1). 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear(出现), die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true（实现）, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place（发生, 举行）等
The sun disappeared behind a bank of clouds.
I long for the day when my dream can come true.
Voting will take place in that building.
不能用被动语态的几种情况
（2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit（适合）, have, hold, last， marry, own, wish, cost(花费), notice, watch，agree with（同意）, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in（成功于）, suffer from（受害于）, happen to(碰巧), take part in(参加), walk into, belong to（属于）， contain， lack等
This key just fits the lock.
He was free to marry whomever he chose.
Lions belong to the cat family.
If you happen to talk to him, have him call me.
There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific research.
（3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）：
appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
That sausage doesn't smell right.
Children grow up so fast these days.
It tastes like chicken.
Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds.
04
主动语态变被动语态的变换规则
注意人称、时态和数的变化。
3.宾语用作被动语态中的主语
2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语
4.谓语动词变成被动语态
1. 先找出谓语动词
主动语态改为被动语态的步骤
↓
→
→
→
被动语态：
Bruce
writes
a letter
主动语态：
↓
↓
↓
主语
谓语
宾语
A letter
is written
by Bruce
Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
1. He has written two novels so far.
→Two novels have been written by him so far.
2. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.
→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
3. Lucy is writing a letter now.
→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
4. You must lock the door when you leave.
→The door must be locked when you leave.
例句：
将以下主动句转化为被动句
1. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing.
→ He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).
2. Father gave me a present at Christmas.
→ A present was given to me at Christmas (by my father).
3. This factory produces machine tools.
→Machine tools are produced (by this factory).
4. We should take measures to reduce the price.
→Measures should be taken to reduce the price(by us).
1. 一轮明月(bright moon)被浓云(heavy clouds)遮住(cover)了。
The bright moon was covered by heavy clouds
2. 那扇门被他弟弟打开了。
The door was opened by his brother.
3. Tom上周五借走了我所有的漫画书（comic book）。
All of my comic books were borrowed by Tom last Friday.
4. 到现在为止(so far)，他们已经种了二百棵树了。
So far, two hundred trees have been planted (by them) .
将以下句子用被动语态翻译出来
谢谢观看
Thank you

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