资源简介

2022—2023学年高三考前定位考试
英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. When is the man’s meeting
A. At 2:30 p.m. B. At 2:20 p.m. C. At 2:10 p.m.
2. How is the weather today
A. Rainy. B. Fine. C. Cold.
3. Which direction is the woman walking in
A. The north. B. The east. C. The south.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a hotel. B. In a library. C. In a shop.
5. What might the man be
A. A waiter. B. A boss. C. A secretary.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man do in the Turner’s shop last week
A. He had his suit washed. B. He had his suit mended. C. He ordered a suit.
7. What will the man do this afternoon
A. Go to the shop. B. Attend a meeting. C. Wait for a guest.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How many sweaters does the woman buy for herself
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
9. How does the woman pay
A. By check. B. In cash. C. By credit card.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Schoolmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.
11. Why does the man leave for Miami
A. To attend a wedding. B. To join in a gathering. C. To spend a holiday.
12. What will the man probably do after the trip
A. Treat the woman to coffee. B. Teach the woman tennis. C. Take tennis lessons.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why does the man make the call
A. To ask for a book. B. To order some machines. C. To make an appointment.
14. When will the woman deliver the machines
A. At the end of this month. B. At the end of next month. C. At the beginning of next month.
15. What will the woman do this evening
A. Work out an agreement. B. Make a telephone call. C. Attend a staff meeting.
16. When will the speakers meet
A. This afternoon. B. This evening. C. Tomorrow.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How many villagers were unable to read
A. Thirty percent. B. Fifty percent. C. Sixty percent.
18. Why did the speaker’s father open a night school
A. To teach the villagers farming skills.
B. To teach the villagers how to read.
C. To teach the children Chinese.
19. What might the speaker be good at
A. Making a speech. B. Singing. C. Farming.
20 What is the speaker’s dream
A. All children can receive a good education.
B. Hunger can be defeated in the world.
C. There is no war in the world again.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Below are several most convenient resorts (胜地) to enjoy a day of skiing in the Alps.
St. Anton am Arlberg, Austria
Having about 350 kilometers of pistes (雪道), it is the largest skiing area in Austria and the 5th largest in the world. Skiers of every level will find their perfect ride here, but it’s the advanced level that will benefit most. Some snowboarders, however, might struggle on flat connections between the bigger skiing areas.
Davos, Switzerland
Davos is where the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum takes place. Every year in late January world leaders will come to this small village. Besides that, Davos is the biggest skiing resort in Switzerland with its 300 + kilometers of pistes. Davos is very high in the mountains, so good conditions are almost always guaranteed. And the pistes are very wide and well-maintained, so skiing here is pure joy.
Kitzbüihel, Austria
Kitzbühel is frequently ranked as Austria’s best ski resort. And for a good reason—it has it all and, most importantly, in good balance.
Great conditions. Well-prepared pistes. Many restaurants and bars creating a lively Après Ski atmosphere. All of it will make up for great time—be it a day trip or a week-long holiday.
Every January Kitzbühel hosts the FIS Alpine World Cup, which some consider to be the most spectacular skiing competition outside the Winter Olympics.
Chamonix-Mont Blanc, France
Being one of the oldest resorts in France, it has been a world-class destination for skiing since it hosted the first Winter Olympics in 1924. Throughout the year this village welcomes thousands of hikers, cyclists, mountaineers, rock climbers and, of course skiers. While it is beginner-friendly, it’s a destination for experienced skiers and those seeking adventure. In particular, it’s very famous for its off-piste options.
1. What do St. Anton am Arlberg and Kitzbühel have in common
A. They are fit for a week-long holiday. B. They are located in the same country.
C. They are used for the skiing competition. D. They benefit the advanced skiers most.
2. What makes Chamonix-Mont Blanc special
A. It wins fame with its long pistes. B. It is friendly to ski beginners.
C. It once held the Winter Olympics. D. It is the oldest resort in France.
3. Which place can see world leaders every year
A. Davos. B. St. Anton am Arlberg. C. Kitzbühel. D. Chamonix-Mont Blanc.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了住于阿尔卑斯山的几个滑雪胜地。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据St. Anton am Arlberg, Austria部分中“Having about 350 kilometers of pistes (雪道), it is the largest skiing area in Austria and the 5th largest in the world.(这里有350公里长的雪道，是奥地利最大的滑雪场，也是世界第五大滑雪场)”和Kitzbühel, Austria部分中“Kitzbühel is frequently ranked as Austria’s best ski resort.( Kitzbühel经常被评为奥地利最好的滑雪胜地)”可知，这两个地方都在奥地利。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Chamonix-Mont Blane, France部分中“Being one of the oldest resorts in France, it has been a world-class destination for skiing since it hosted the first Winter Olympics in 1924.(作为法国最古老的度假胜地之一，自1924年举办第一届冬季奥运会以来，这里一直是世界级的滑雪胜地)”可知，特别之处在于冬奥会曾经在这个地方举办过。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Davos, Switzerland部分中“Davos is where the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum takes place. Every year in late January world leaders will come to this small village.(达沃斯是世界经济论坛年会的举办地。每年1月下旬，世界各国领导人都会来到这个小村庄)”可知，每年各国高层领导人都会来达沃斯参加达沃斯经济论坛。故选A。
B
Glancing at the email’s sender, my heart raced. It starts off as you would expect: “Thank you for your interest”. It ends with “We are sorry to inform you” and my eyes misted over. I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. Only later would I see that instead, it provided an exciting new direction to follow.
I always wanted to be a scientist. I started off as a biology student but quickly felt unwelcome among the premeds (医学预科生). I tried out physics but felt increasingly anxious until, thanks to a suggestion from my mom, I ended up in geography and fell in love. When I found that summer research program, I thought I had found the perfect topic and a stepping stone to my dream academic career.
Then came that rejection email. Once again, I felt lost and hopeless. It seemed clear I’d never get to work in a lab or become a scientist.
So I was shocked when, not long after the rejection email, the professor running the research program invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied for, but I felt I wasn’t in a position to be picky.
Soon I found myself cooperating with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. In the end, I finished my paper and had a new scientific interest to pursue.
At first, I decided I would be selective about the options I pursued. But through this experience, I’ve realized that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound exactly perfect, and make the most of them. And I’ve also learned to look at each rejection as a redirection instead.
4. What was the research program the author applied for about
A. Biology. B. Geography. C. Medicine. D. Physics.
5. What greatly surprised the author
A. A chance to invite a professor. B. The rejection email
C. The professor’s suggestion. D. The success in his career.
6. Which of the following can be used to describe the author
A. Flexible. B. Skillful. C. Talented. D. Picky.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. How I managed to make a right choice. B. How my professor offered help to me.
C. How I became a scientist working in a lab. D. How I learned to turn rejection into redirection.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在申请项目被拒后所做出的选择以及自己的感悟，即“学会把拒绝变为重新定向”。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I tried out physics but felt increasingly anxious until, thanks to a suggestion from my mom, I ended up in geography and fell in love.(我尝试了物理，但越来越焦虑，直到我妈妈的建议，我最终选择了地理，并爱上了地理)”可推知，作者申请的研究项目是关于地理的。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“So I was shocked when, not long after the rejection email, the professor running the research program invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied for, but I felt I wasn’t in a position to be picky.(因此，在收到拒绝邮件后不久，负责研究项目的教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作，这让我感到震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我与她讨论我可以在她的实验室从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我觉得我没有资格挑剔)”可知，教授的建议使作者大为吃惊。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Soon I found myself cooperating with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. In the end, I finished my paper and had a new scientific interest to pursue.(不久，我发现自己在与一位机器人教授合作，研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。最后，我完成了我的论文，有了一个新的科学兴趣去追求)”可知，作者在申请项目被拒绝后接受了教授提供的机会，最终发现了自己新的追求，可推知，作者很灵活。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But through this experience, I’ve realized that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound exactly perfect, and make the most of them. And I’ve also learned to look at each rejection as a redirection instead.(但通过这次经历，我意识到有时我需要抓住提供的机会，即使它们听起来并不完美，也要充分利用它们。我也学会了把每一次拒绝都看作是一次重新定向)”结合文章主要讲述了作者在申请项目被拒后所做出的选择以及自己的感悟，即“学会把拒绝变为重新定向”。可知，D选项“我如何学会将拒绝转变为重新定向”最符合文章标题。故选D。
C
According to a study conducted by UK scientists, there is something known as “plant blindness”. This leads to the common misconception that plants seem to be “less alive” as compared to animals.
Plant blindness was not proven to be what people were born with; rather, the severely reduced contact with nature in urbanized societies appeared to be the problem’s root. According to the research, a decline in relevant prior (先前的) experience with plants causes the cycle of inattention.
Urban civilizations display well-documented plant blindness. Kids are found to frequently think of plants as less superior to animals, especially when they’re young, and struggle to recognize a wide variety of species. Both teachers and students reported having different levels of plant knowledge, especially primary teachers without a science degree. Older people are more knowledgeable about plants because they are more likely to appreciate outdoor activities.
35 studies concluded that urbanization or modernization had a detrimental effect on plant knowledge. The usefulness of plant gathering was decreased by a greater dependency on urban services and a cash economy. The amount of time available to spend outdoors was reduced by work and school. These factors also decreased family time, which had a negative effect on verbally passing down plant knowledge to younger and older relatives.
Stagg said that instead of a cognitive (认知的) barrier to the visual perception of plants, people who live in highly industrialized countries have a lack of plant attention caused by a decline in relevant exposure to plants.
Stagg pointed out to break the cycle of plant awareness, people must be exposed to biodiverse environments and the key is to show that there are some direct advantages of plants to people as opposed to indirect advantages stemming from their use in industry or advantages to distant, traditional societies. Experiences with edible and practical plants in local environments can help with this. Younger generations’ level of botanical knowledge is directly correlated with how useful they think this knowledge is to them.
8. What causes “plant blindness”
A. The plants have little attraction. B. People lack contact with plants.
C. The plants have inactive characters. D. People live an unhealthy lifestyle.
9. Who are most likely to have “plant blindness”
A. Teenagers interested in animals. B. Experts devoted to agriculture.
C. Students majoring in biology. D. Farmers working in the field.
10. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Encouraging. B. Harmful. C. Joyful. D. Temporary.
11. Which statement might Stagg agree with
A. “Plant blindness” can be treated or reduced.
B. “Plant blindness” is bad for social development.
C. “Plant blindness” is something people are born with.
D. “Plant blindness” happens most in less developed countries.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种被称为“植物盲症”的现象，这种现象是由于缺乏对当地植物的理解和欣赏，是人们与植物接触时间不足的结果。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Plant blindness was not proven to be what people were born with; rather, the severely reduced contact with nature in urbanized societies appeared to be the problem’s root. According to the research, a decline in relevant prior (先前的) experience with plants causes the cycle of inattention.(植物盲症并没有被证明是人类与生俱来的；相反，城市化社会中与自然接触的严重减少似乎是问题的根源。根据这项研究，与植物相关的先验经验的减少会导致不关注的循环)”可知，人们缺乏与植物的接触导致了“植物盲症”。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Urban civilizations display well-documented plant blindness. Kids are found to frequently think of plants as less superior to animals, especially when they’re young, and struggle to recognize a wide variety of species. Both teachers and students reported having different levels of plant knowledge, especially primary teachers without a science degree. Older people are more knowledgeable about plants because they are more likely to appreciate outdoor activities.(城市文明表现出有充分证据的植物盲目性。研究发现，孩子们经常认为植物不如动物高级，尤其是当他们还小的时候，他们很难识别各种各样的物种。教师和学生报告的植物知识水平不同，特别是没有科学学位的小学教师。老年人对植物的了解更多，因为他们更喜欢户外活动)”可知，对动物感兴趣的青少年最有可能患上“植物盲症”。故选A。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The usefulness of plant gathering was decreased by a greater dependency on urban services and a cash economy. The amount of time available to spend outdoors was reduced by work and school. These factors also decreased family time, which had a negative effect on verbally passing down plant knowledge to younger and older relatives.(由于更依赖城市服务和现金经济，植物采集的有用性降低了。由于工作和学校的原因，户外活动的时间减少了。这些因素还减少了家庭时间，这对口头将植物知识传递给年轻和年长的亲属产生了负面影响)”可知，本段主要说明了户外活动减少影响了人们之间知识的口头传递，即城市化或现代化对植物知识有不利影响。故划线词意思是“有害的，不利的”。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Stagg pointed out to break the cycle of plant awareness, people must be exposed to biodiverse environments and the key is to show that there are some direct advantages of plants to people as opposed to indirect advantages stemming from their use in industry or advantages to distant, traditional societies.(Stagg指出，要打破植物意识的循环，人们必须接触到生物多样性的环境，关键是要表明植物对人们有一些直接的好处，而不是由于它们在工业上的使用而产生的间接好处或对遥远的传统社会的好处)”可推知，Stagg 认为“植物盲症”可以治疗或减少。故选A。
D
Perhaps the most challenging thing about earthquakes is the great uncertainty around where and when they are likely to strike, which makes taking action that may save lives challenging.
Earthquakes bring about redistribution of mass and this generates observable changes of the Earth’s gravitational field, measurable using specialized instruments. High accuracy gravity measurements may provide a useful tool to help with managing the risk by identifying which faults (断层) are under stress and most likely to be active. By monitoring the progression of fault movements, it’s possible to get a medium-term outlook on which areas are most likely to be affected when the next earthquake happens.
Current earthquake warning systems are based on networks which detect the early arrival “P” seismic (地震的) waves prior to the arrival of the more destructive waves, but are unable to respond before the ground movements have already started, greatly limiting how advanced the warning can be.
While a warning caused by a gravity signal might only give a few additional seconds, such a warning can provide extra time to allow the public to take preventative action.
However, making measurements of gravity with sufficient accuracy, long-term stability and data sampling rate to achieve these signals is of course challenging. Detection of small signals for early warning systems is greatly limited by the background seismic noise which affects the sensor readings. Obtaining measurements which are stable over long periods of time and consistent between different sensors is difficult too.
The Quantum Technology Hub for Sensors and Timing led by the University of Birmingham is developing sensors which meet these challenges by employing the quantum (量子) behaviour of cold atoms to measure gravity accurately. As well as the cold atom sensors being extremely sensitive to small changes in the gravitational field, the identical (完全相同的) nature of atoms makes them ideal test masses which give consistent results.
Furthermore, by measuring two separated atom clouds at the same time, common background seismic noise can be controlled, which helps to overcome the limitations of seismic noise and allows fast and accurate measurements.
12. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A. How earthquakes are formed. B. How people can better predict earthquakes.
C. What is used to monitor earthquakes. D. What is the way to identify active faults.
13. What affects the accuracy of early warning systems
A. The number of sensors. B. The temperature of atoms.
C. The background seismic noise. D. The strength of seismic waves.
14. What makes atoms perfect test masses
A. They have the same nature. B. They are tiny.
C. They are sensitive to temperature. D. They can remove the seismic noise.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To display the uncertainty of earthquakes.
B. To show the challenges in detecting earthquakes.
C To discuss the accuracy of earthquake warning systems.
D. To introduce a technology to improve earthquake detection.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地震预测方面存在的问题以及目前通过计时量子技术在这方面的改进。
12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Earthquakes bring about redistribution of mass and this generates observable changes of the Earth’s gravitational field, measurable using specialized instruments. High accuracy gravity measurements may provide a useful tool to help with managing the risk by identifying which faults (断层) are under stress and most likely to be active. By monitoring the progression of fault movements, it’s possible to get a medium-term outlook on which areas are most likely to be affected when the next earthquake happens.(地震带来了质量的重新分配，从而产生了地球引力场的可观测变化，可以用专门的仪器测量。高精度重力测量可以提供一种有用的工具，通过识别哪些断层处于压力下并且最有可能处于活动状态来帮助管理风险。通过监测断层运动的进展，有可能得到一个中期的预测，当下一次地震发生时，哪些地区最有可能受到影响)”可知，第二段主要讨论了人们如何更好地预测地震。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Detection of small signals for early warning systems is greatly limited by the background seismic noise which affects the sensor readings.(地震背景噪声对传感器读数的影响极大地限制了预警系统对小信号的检测)”可知，影响预警系统准确性的因素是地震背景噪声。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“As well as the cold atom sensors being extremely sensitive to small changes in the gravitational field, the identical (完全相同的) nature of atoms makes them ideal test masses which give consistent results.(除了冷原子传感器对引力场的微小变化极其敏感外，原子的相同性质使它们成为理想的测试质量，可以给出一致的结果)”可知，原子的相同性质使它们成为理想的测试物。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The Quantum Technology Hub for Sensors and Timing led by the University of Birmingham is developing sensors which meet these challenges by employing the quantum (量子) behaviour of cold atoms to measure gravity accurately.(由伯明翰大学领导的传感器和定时量子技术中心正在开发传感器，利用冷原子的量子行为来精确测量重力，以应对这些挑战)”结合文章介绍了在预测地震方面存在的问题以及目前新技术的优势，由此推断本文的目的是介绍一种改进地震探测的技术。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sustainability (可持续性) is rarely as simple as a yes or no question. ____16____ But sustainable fishing does exist. And by understanding the way that fisheries operate, we can develop simple rules to guide our seafood purchases. Here are some useful tips.
____17____ If you live near a coast and have access to a fish market where locally caught seafood is sold, buying there is a great way to support local, sustainability-minded fishermen. If you live further from a coast, try to keep your purchases domestic.
Look beyond the most popular fish. ____18____ So their populations are under stress. Fishermen also feel pressured to bring them to market. Then you can turn to plentiful but unfamiliar species. By asking the fish seller, you’ll get exposed to a far wider variety and you are likely to find some new favorites along the way! If you can’t talk to the fishermen, you can look up an unfamiliar species through Seafood Watch. While no perfect rating system exists, you can find a good indicator. ____19____
Stay open to frozen or tinned. To many people, fresh fish out of the seafood counter might seem like the best option. ____20____ Many small fisheries make use of flash freezing to lock in the fish’s freshness right out of the water, so whether you find these options online or in the store, you can be assured that they’re of good quality.
A. Support local fisheries.
B. Buy fish at the fish market.
C. They don’t like to eat salted fish.
D. And that’s especially true with seafood.
E. Many of the most popular fish are in high demand.
F. Actually, when it comes to quality, other options can be just as good.
G. Through it you can find whether a fish was caught sustainably or not.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些进行可持续型海鲜采购的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Sustainability (可持续性) is rarely as simple as a yes or no question.(可持续发展很少像一个是或否的问题那么简单)”以及后文“But sustainable fishing does exist. And by understanding the way that fisheries operate, we can develop simple rules to guide our seafood purchases. Here are some useful tips.(但可持续捕捞确实存在。通过了解渔业的运作方式，我们可以制定简单的规则来指导我们的海鲜采购。这里有一些有用的建议)”可知，后文提到了可持续捕捞确实存在，but表示转折，说明本句是在肯定上文提到了可持续发展不简单的观点，且呼应下文，引出海鲜的可持续发展。故D选项“海鲜尤其如此”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据后文“If you live near a coast and have access to a fish market where locally caught seafood is sold, buying there is a great way to support local, sustainability-minded fishermen. If you live further from a coast, try to keep your purchases domestic.(如果你住在海岸附近，并且有机会进入当地捕捞的海鲜出售的鱼市场，那么在那里购买是支持当地可持续发展渔民的好方法。如果你住在离海岸较远的地方，尽量在国内购买)”可知，本段指出在自己居住的海岸附近购买是一种支持可持续发展的好方法，本句为本段主旨句，即提出支持当地渔业的建议。故A选项“支持当地渔业”符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Look beyond the most popular fish.(不要只看最受欢迎的鱼)”以及后文“So their populations are under stress.(所以它们的种群处于压力之下)”可知，后文提到了某种鱼的种群处于压力之下，故本句是在说明这种鱼类种群处于压力之下的原因：受欢迎的鱼需求量很大。故E选项“许多最受欢迎的鱼需求量很大”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“While no perfect rating system exists, you can find a good indicator.(虽然不存在完美的评级系统，但你可以找到一个好的指标)”可知，上文提到了评级系统可以作为一个好的指标，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明其作用：你可以发现一条鱼是否被可持续地捕获，G选项中it指代上文“rating system”。故G选项“通过它，你可以发现一条鱼是否被可持续地捕获”符合语境，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Stay open to frozen or tinned. To many people, fresh fish out of the seafood counter might seem like the best option.(冷冻或罐装时要保持开放。对许多人来说，海鲜柜台上的新鲜鱼似乎是最好的选择)”以及后文“Many small fisheries make use of flash freezing to lock in the fish’s freshness right out of the water, so whether you find these options online or in the store, you can be assured that they’re of good quality.(许多小渔场利用快速冷冻来锁定鱼的新鲜度，所以无论你是在网上还是在商店里找到这些选择，你都可以确信它们的质量很好)”可知，上文提到了“海鲜柜台上的新鲜鱼似乎是最好的选择”，而后文提到了可以确信其他选择的质量也很好，可知本句是在说明其他选择的质量问题，F选项中quality对应后文quality。故F选项“事实上，说到质量，其他选择也一样好”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My phone rang. It was my adviser calling to tell me a preprint (预印本) had just been posted that identified wrong data in a ____21____ we’d published. My heart sank as he said the article would be retracted (撤回). We couldn’t ____22____ long—the plane soon took off. I spent the 16-hour flight processing a mix of ____23____—disbelief, embarrassment, frustration—and ____24____ what this would mean for my career.
After the plane landed, I found I received a flood of messages. Some were from supportive coworkers, but many ____25____ of our work. I felt embarrassed by the criticism.
By that point, I had ____26____ a position. Coworkers encouraged me to ignore ____27____ that seemed to be directed at me ____28____. But it was hard. I struggled with self-esteem, started to ____29____ meetings and deleted my Twitter account to protect my ____30____ health.
When it became clear that a retraction was ____31____, I offered my resignation to my department head. He didn’t ____32____ it, saying a resignation wasn’t needed, considering the ____33____ in the article were honest mistakes.
I decided to ____34____, in hopes that I could eventually recover my ____35____ by publishing sound science and demonstrating I’d learned from my mistakes. But that has turned out to be a ____36____ path: I’ve had trouble getting my articles ____37____ and had problems securing funding for new projects.
Despite (尽管) these ____38____, I don’t regret our decision to ____39____ my paper. It may have been embarrassing, but it was the ____40____ thing to do. And the experience helped me grow as a scientist.
21. A. poem B. magazine C. novel D. paper
22. A. tolerate B. work C. talk D. stay
23. A. doubts B. feelings C. choices D. faults
24. A. wondering B. explaining C. introducing D. revising
25. A. thought B. tired C. dreamed D. disapproved
26. A. secured B. reserved C. missed D. refused
27. A. warnings B. risks C. comments D. suggestions
28. A. similarly B. personally C. suddenly D. respectively
29. A. delay B. attend C. chair D. escape
30. A. mental B. visual C. physical D. behavioral
31. A. impossible B. worthwhile C. typical D. unavoidable
32. A. prohibit B. accept C. admit D. ignore
33. A. opinions B. headings C. errors D. highlights
34. A. carry on B. pull over C. settle in D. break away
35. A. health B. fortune C. reputation D. power
36. A. fruitless B. tough C. controversial D. crowded
37. A. adapted B. finished C. published D. polished
38. A. challenges B. mistakes C. predictions D. disagreements
39. A. advocate B. withdraw C. share D. release
40. A. specific B. simple C. only D. right
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为论文中的数据引用错误最终决定撤回论文的一段经历，本着对科学严谨、开放的精神，作者接受了评论家的意见，承认了自己的错误，做出了他认为正确的选择。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是我的顾问打电话告诉我，刚刚发布了一份预印本，在我们发表的一篇论文中发现了错误的数据。A. poem诗；B. magazine杂志；C. novel小说；D. paper论文。由下文“I don’t regret our decision to 　 19　　my paper.”以及语境可知，这里应指在“论文”上发现了问题。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能聊多久——飞机很快就起飞了。A. tolerate容忍；B. work工作；C. talk对话；D. stay停留。由上文“My phone rang”以及下文“the plane soon took off”可知，飞机快起飞了，所以电话上“对话”没聊多久。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在16个小时的飞行中处理了各种各样的感觉——难以置信、尴尬、沮丧——以及思考这对我的职业生涯意味着什么。A. doubts怀疑；B. feelings感受；C. choices选择；D. faults故障。由下文“disbelief, embarrassment, frustration”可知，这些都是作者的“感受”。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在16个小时的飞行中处理了各种各样的感觉——难以置信、尴尬、沮丧——以及思考这对我的职业生涯意味着什么。A. wondering想知道；B. explaining解释；C. introducing介绍；D. revising修正。由下文“what this would mean for my career”以及语境可知，这里作者“想知道”这件事有什么影响。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些来自支持我们的同事，但许多人不赞成我们的工作。A. thought思考；B. tired厌倦；C. dreamed梦见；D. disapproved不赞成。由上文“Some were from supportive coworkers”以及but表转折可知，这里表示很多人“不支持”他。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到那时，我已经获得了一个职位。A. secured取得；B. reserved保留；C. missed错过；D. refused拒绝。由下文“I offered my resignation to my department head”可知，当时作者已经“取得”一个职位，有了工作。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同事们鼓励我忽略那些似乎是针对我个人的评论。A. warnings警告；B. risks风险；C. comments评论；D. suggestions建议。由上文“I found I received a flood of messages. ”以及语境可知，这里应指同事们鼓励作者忽略这些“评论”。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同事们鼓励我忽略那些似乎是针对我个人的评论。A. similarly类似地；B. personally个人地；C. suddenly突然地；D. respectively分别地。由上文“I found I received a flood of messages. ”以及语境可知，这些评论应是专门针对作者“个人”的。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我与自尊作斗争，开始逃避会议，并删除了我的推特账户以保护我的心理健康。A. delay延迟；B. attend参加；C. chair主持；D. escape逃跑。由下文“deleted my Twitter account”以及语境可知，这里作者应该是“逃避”会议来自我保护。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我与自尊作斗争，开始逃避会议，并删除了我的推特账户以保护我的精神健康。A. mental精神的；B. visual视觉的；C. physical物理的；D. behavioral行为的。由上文“I struggled with self-esteem”可知，作者做上面这些事是为了保护自己“精神的”健康。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当撤回声明是不可避免的时，我向部门主管提出辞职。A. impossible不可能的；B. worthwhile有价值的；C. typical典型的；D. unavoidable不可避免的。由下文“I don’t regret our decision to 　19　　my paper. ”可知，这里应指撤回是“不可避免的”。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有接受，说不需要辞职，因为文章中的错误是无心之失。A. prohibit禁止；B. accept接受；C. admit承认；D. ignore忽视。由下文“saying a resignation wasn’t needed”可知，部门主管不“接受”作者的辞职。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有接受，说不需要辞职，因为文章中的错误是无心之失。 A. opinions意见；B. headings标题；C. errors错误；D. highlights亮点。由上文“identified wrong data”可知，这里指上面所述的“错误”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：我决定继续下去，希望我最终能通过发表可靠的科学并证明我从错误中吸取了教训来恢复我的声誉。A. carry on 继续；B. pull over靠边停车；C. settle in定居；D. break away挣脱。由下文“publishing sound science and demonstrating I’d learned from my mistakes.”可知，作者“继续”他的研究工作。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定继续下去，希望我最终能通过发表可靠的科学并证明我从错误中吸取了教训来恢复我的声誉。 A. health健康；B. fortune财富；C. reputation声誉；D. power权力。由上文“but many 　5　 of our work.”以及语境可知，作者准备通过吸取教训来做好自己的工作，得到人们的肯定，从而恢复“声誉”。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实证明，这是一条艰难的道路：我的文章很难发表，也很难获得新项目的资金。A. fruitless无果的；B. tough艰难的；C. controversial有争议的；D. crowded拥挤的。由下文“had problems securing funding for new projects”可知，重新开始是一条“艰难的”路。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但事实证明，这是一条艰难的道路：我的文章很难发表，也很难获得新项目的资金。A. adapted改编；B. finished完成；C. published发表；D. polished抛光。由上文“wrong data in a 　1　 we’d published.”可知，由于以前的错误，作者重新“发表”论文很难。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些挑战，我并不后悔我们决定撤回我的论文。由上文“I’ve had trouble getting my articles 　17　　and had problems securing funding for new projects.”可知，这些对作者来说都是“挑战”。A. challenges挑战；B. mistakes错误；C. predictions预测；D. disagreements分歧。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些挑战，我并不后悔我们决定撤回我的论文。A. advocate提倡；B. withdraw撤回；C. share共享；D. release释放。由上文“When it became clear that a retraction was 　11　”可知，这里指“撤回”论文。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能很尴尬，但这是一件正确的事情。A. specific特定的；B. simple简单的；C. only只有；D. right正确的。由下文“And the experience helped me grow as a scientist.”可知，作者认为这是一件“正确的”事情。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Beginning on March 21 and ending on April 4, Chunfen, or Spring Equinox, as the name ____41____ (indicate), begins when the day and the night are of equal ____42____ (long). During this period, the sun’s position in the sky moves northwards, marking a ____43____ (gradual) longer day in the Northern Hemisphere and a longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. In the two weeks, Chinese traditionally like to head out to fly kites or play a game in which they try to balance an egg to make ____44____ stand up.
There are many ____45____ (attract) customs that have been passed down in different places across China over the centuries to celebrate this unique day. At first, it ____46____ (use)by ancient farmers to mark the beginning of the sowing season and farm work, at the same time welcoming the season of spring. As time passed, customs ____47____ (surround) Chunfen produced various activities such as dragon dances and waist drum performances.
____48____ the Spring Equinox right around the corner, crowds of people from around the country have been heading to Anren, a small county in Hunan Province, ____49____ (take) part in ceremonies to memorialize China’s “Divine Farmer” Shennong and pray for a good harvest.
There are also some celebrations that are seen in most places around China, some of _____50_____ have even made their way overseas.
【答案】41. indicates
42. length 43. gradually
44. it 45. attractive
46. was used
47. surrounding
48. With 49. to take
50. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国二十四节气中“春分”的意义以及相关的民间习俗。
【41题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从3月21日开始到4月4日结束，春分，或Spring Equinox，顾名思义，开始于白天和黑夜长度相等时候。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语name是单数名词，和动词indicate之间是主动关系，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填indicates。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：从3月21日开始到4月4日结束，春分，或Spring Equinox，顾名思义，开始于白天和黑夜长度相等的时候。 形容词equal后应该用名词形式作介词of的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填length。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：在此期间，太阳在天空中的位置向北移动，标志着北半球的白天逐渐变长，南半球的夜晚逐渐变长。修饰形容词longer应该用副词gradually。故填gradually。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：在这两个星期里，中国人传统上喜欢出去放风筝，或者玩一个游戏，他们试图平衡一个鸡蛋，让它站起来。此处指代an egg，应用代词it。故填it。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，中国各地流传着许多吸引人的习俗来庆祝这个独特的日子。修饰名词customs应该用形容词attractive，作定语，表示“吸引人的”。故填attractive。
【46题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：起初，它被古代农民用来标志播种季节和农活的开始，同时欢迎春天的到来。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文by ancient farmers此处是介绍在过去人们如何看待春分，也就是它的用途，故为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was used。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，围绕春分的习俗产生了各种活动，如舞龙和腰鼓表演。分析句子结构可知surround与逻辑主语customs和动词之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填surrounding。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着春分即将来临，来自全国各地的人们纷纷涌向湖南省安仁县，参加纪念中国“农民中的圣人”神农的仪式，并祈求丰收。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处表示“随着”，属于“with+宾语+介词短语”的复合结构。首字母大写。故填With。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着春分即将来临，来自全国各地的人们纷纷涌向湖南省安仁县，参加纪念中国“农民中的圣人”神农的仪式，并祈求丰收。分析句子结构可知，用不定式表示人们去湖南安仁县的目的。故填to take。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：也有一些庆祝活动在中国大多数地方都能看到，其中一些甚至传到了海外。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，句子缺少主语，判断用关系代词，先行词是celebrations，又因在介词后，指物，故填which。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday we went to celebrate my grandfather’s eighty birthday in a restaurant. When we sat down to eat, I noticed an old man standing outside. Dress in old clothes, he was hesitating, even if walking in would need great courage. It was obviously that he had no money with him. I can’t concentrate on the dishes. So I turned to my grandfather, that was seated next to me. I pointed at the strangers outside, asking if we could invite him eat with us. To my great joy, realizing what was happening, and he agreed immediately. Then I walked out and invited the man in. We had a unforgettable birthday party.
【答案】1.eighty→eightieth
2.Dress→Dressed
3.even→as
4.obviously→obvious
5.can’t→couldn’t
6.that→who
7.strangers→stranger
8.him后添加to
9.删除and
10.a→an
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在餐馆给爷爷庆祝生日的时候，注意到了一位老人好像没钱进餐厅吃饭。于是邀请老人和自己一家一起吃饭的故事。
【详解】1.考查数词。句意：昨天，我们去一家餐馆庆祝我爷爷的八十大寿。此处指“八十岁生日”应用序数词eightieth，故eighty改为eightieth。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：穿着旧衣服，他犹豫着，好像走进去需要很大的勇气。表示“穿着”短语为be dressed in，此处省略be动词，过去分词作状语。故Dress改为Dressed。
3.考查固定句型。句意：穿着旧衣服，他犹豫着，好像走进去需要很大的勇气。引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as if；even if表示“即使”引导让步状语从句，不符合语境。故even改为as。
4.考查形容词。句意：很明显，他身上没带钱。作表语，应用形容词obvious。故obviously改为obvious。
5.考查时态。句意：我没法专心吃饭。根据上文Yesterday可知为一般过去时。故can’t改为couldn’t。
6.考查定语从句。句意：于是我转向坐在我旁边的祖父。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词grandfather，在从句中作主语，指人。故that改为who。
7.考查名词的数。句意：我指着外面的陌生人，问我们是否可以邀请他和我们一起吃饭。根据后文“asking if we could invite him”可知，此处特指上文提到那个的陌生人，stranger应用单数。故strangers改为stranger。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：我指着外面的陌生人，问我们是否可以邀请他和我们一起吃饭。表示“邀请某人做某事”短语为invite sb. to do sth.。故him后添加to。
9.考查句子结构。句意：令我非常高兴的是，意识到发生了什么，他立即同意了。此处“realizing what was happening”为现在分词短语作状语，“he agreed immediately”为简单句，前面不需要连词。故删除and。
10.考查冠词。句意：我们有一个难忘的生日聚会。unforgettable是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故a改为an。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你校计划成立3D打印俱乐部，请给你班的交换生James写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 俱乐部介绍。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear James,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear James,
Our school is planning to start a 3D printing club. Knowing that you are interested in 3D printing technology, I’m writing to invite you to join the club.
The club is expected to be composed of 15 students and a teacher. Club members are to gather every Friday afternoon to learn some basic knowledge of 3D printing, design their own products and even print their products. I think it must be very interesting and rewarding. After all, it is a new technology and will be of great importance in the future. So I strongly advise you to join the club.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给你班的交换生James写封邮件，邀请他参加你校计划成立3D打印俱乐部。其内容包括：写信目的和俱乐部介绍。
【详解】1.词汇积累
计划：plan to→be scheduled to
由……组成：be composed of →consist of
值得的：rewarding →worthwhile
重要性：importance→significance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： So I strongly advise you to join the club.
拓展句： So I strongly suggest that you should join the club.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are interested in 3D printing technology, I’m writing to invite you to join the club.（运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】The club is expected to be composed of 15 students and a teacher.（运用了被动语态）
听力：1—5 ABACB 6—10 CBABA 11—15 ACBCA 16—20 CCBBA2022—2023学年高三考前定位考试
英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. When is the man’s meeting
A. At 2:30 p.m. B. At 2:20 p.m. C. At 2:10 p.m.
2. How is the weather today
A. Rainy. B. Fine. C. Cold.
3. Which direction is the woman walking in
A. The north. B. The east. C. The south.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a hotel. B. In a library. C. In a shop.
5. What might the man be
A. A waiter. B. A boss. C. A secretary.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man do in the Turner’s shop last week
A. He had his suit washed. B. He had his suit mended. C. He ordered a suit.
7. What will the man do this afternoon
A. Go to the shop. B. Attend a meeting. C. Wait for a guest.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How many sweaters does the woman buy for herself
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
9. How does the woman pay
A. By check. B. In cash. C. By credit card.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Schoolmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.
11. Why does the man leave for Miami
A. To attend a wedding. B. To join in a gathering. C. To spend a holiday.
12. What will the man probably do after the trip
A. Treat the woman to coffee. B. Teach the woman tennis. C. Take tennis lessons.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13 Why does the man make the call
A. To ask for a book. B. To order some machines. C. To make an appointment.
14. When will the woman deliver the machines
A. At the end of this month. B. At the end of next month. C. At the beginning of next month.
15. What will the woman do this evening
A. Work out an agreement. B. Make a telephone call. C. Attend a staff meeting.
16. When will the speakers meet
A. This afternoon. B. This evening. C. Tomorrow.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How many villagers were unable to read
A. Thirty percent. B. Fifty percent. C. Sixty percent.
18. Why did the speaker’s father open a night school
A. To teach the villagers farming skills.
B. To teach the villagers how to read.
C. To teach the children Chinese.
19. What might the speaker be good at
A. Making a speech. B. Singing. C. Farming.
20. What is the speaker’s dream
A. All children can receive a good education.
B. Hunger can be defeated in the world.
C. There is no war in the world again.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Below are several most convenient resorts (胜地) to enjoy a day of skiing in the Alps.
St. Anton am Arlberg, Austria
Having about 350 kilometers of pistes (雪道), it is the largest skiing area in Austria and the 5th largest in the world. Skiers of every level will find their perfect ride here, but it’s the advanced level that will benefit most. Some snowboarders, however, might struggle on flat connections between the bigger skiing areas.
Davos, Switzerland
Davos is where the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum takes place. Every year in late January world leaders will come to this small village. Besides that, Davos is the biggest skiing resort in Switzerland with its 300 + kilometers of pistes. Davos is very high in the mountains, so good conditions are almost always guaranteed. And the pistes are very wide and well-maintained, so skiing here is pure joy.
Kitzbüihel, Austria
Kitzbühel is frequently ranked as Austria’s best ski resort. And for a good reason—it has it all and, most importantly, in good balance.
Great conditions. Well-prepared pistes. Many restaurants and bars creating a lively Après Ski atmosphere. All of it will make up for great time—be it a day trip or a week-long holiday.
Every January Kitzbühel hosts the FIS Alpine World Cup, which some consider to be the most spectacular skiing competition outside the Winter Olympics.
Chamonix-Mont Blanc, France
Being one of the oldest resorts in France, it has been a world-class destination for skiing since it hosted the first Winter Olympics in 1924. Throughout the year this village welcomes thousands of hikers, cyclists, mountaineers, rock climbers and, of course skiers. While it is beginner-friendly, it’s a destination for experienced skiers and those seeking adventure. In particular, it’s very famous for its off-piste options.
1. What do St. Anton am Arlberg and Kitzbühel have in common
A. They are fit for a week-long holiday. B. They are located in the same country.
C. They are used for the skiing competition. D. They benefit the advanced skiers most.
2. What makes Chamonix-Mont Blanc special
A. It wins fame with its long pistes. B. It is friendly to ski beginners.
C. It once held the Winter Olympics. D. It is the oldest resort in France.
3. Which place can see world leaders every year
A. Davos. B. St. Anton am Arlberg. C. Kitzbühel. D. Chamonix-Mont Blanc.
B
Glancing at the email’s sender my heart raced. It starts off as you would expect: “Thank you for your interest”. It ends with “We are sorry to inform you” and my eyes misted over. I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. Only later would I see that instead, it provided an exciting new direction to follow.
I always wanted to be a scientist. I started off as a biology student but quickly felt unwelcome among the premeds (医学预科生). I tried out physics but felt increasingly anxious until, thanks to a suggestion from my mom, I ended up in geography and fell in love. When I found that summer research program, I thought I had found the perfect topic and a stepping stone to my dream academic career.
Then came that rejection email. Once again, I felt lost and hopeless. It seemed clear I’d never get to work in a lab or become a scientist.
So I was shocked when, not long after the rejection email, the professor running the research program invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied for, but I felt I wasn’t in a position to be picky.
Soon I found myself cooperating with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. In the end, I finished my paper and had a new scientific interest to pursue.
At first, I decided I would be selective about the options I pursued. But through this experience, I’ve realized that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound exactly perfect, and make the most of them. And I’ve also learned to look at each rejection as a redirection instead.
4 What was the research program the author applied for about
A. Biology. B. Geography. C. Medicine. D. Physics.
5. What greatly surprised the author
A. A chance to invite a professor. B. The rejection email
C. The professor’s suggestion. D. The success in his career.
6. Which of the following can be used to describe the author
A. Flexible. B. Skillful. C. Talented. D. Picky.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. How I managed to make a right choice. B. How my professor offered help to me.
C. How I became a scientist working in a lab. D. How I learned to turn rejection into redirection.
C
According to a study conducted by UK scientists, there is something known as “plant blindness”. This leads to the common misconception that plants seem to be “less alive” as compared to animals.
Plant blindness was not proven to be what people were born with; rather, the severely reduced contact with nature in urbanized societies appeared to be the problem’s root. According to the research, a decline in relevant prior (先前的) experience with plants causes the cycle of inattention.
Urban civilizations display well-documented plant blindness. Kids are found to frequently think of plants as less superior to animals, especially when they’re young, and struggle to recognize a wide variety of species. Both teachers and students reported having different levels of plant knowledge, especially primary teachers without a science degree. Older people are more knowledgeable about plants because they are more likely to appreciate outdoor activities.
35 studies concluded that urbanization or modernization had a detrimental effect on plant knowledge. The usefulness of plant gathering was decreased by a greater dependency on urban services and a cash economy. The amount of time available to spend outdoors was reduced by work and school. These factors also decreased family time, which had a negative effect on verbally passing down plant knowledge to younger and older relatives.
Stagg said that instead of a cognitive (认知的) barrier to the visual perception of plants, people who live in highly industrialized countries have a lack of plant attention caused by a decline in relevant exposure to plants.
Stagg pointed out to break the cycle of plant awareness, people must be exposed to biodiverse environments and the key is to show that there are some direct advantages of plants to people as opposed to indirect advantages stemming from their use in industry or advantages to distant, traditional societies. Experiences with edible and practical plants in local environments can help with this. Younger generations’ level of botanical knowledge is directly correlated with how useful they think this knowledge is to them.
8. What causes “plant blindness”
A. The plants have little attraction. B. People lack contact with plants.
C. The plants have inactive characters. D. People live an unhealthy lifestyle.
9. Who are most likely to have “plant blindness”
A. Teenagers interested in animals. B. Experts devoted to agriculture.
C. Students majoring in biology. D. Farmers working in the field.
10. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Encouraging. B. Harmful. C. Joyful. D. Temporary.
11. Which statement might Stagg agree with
A. “Plant blindness” can be treated or reduced.
B. “Plant blindness” is bad for social development.
C. “Plant blindness” is something people are born with.
D. “Plant blindness” happens most in less developed countries.
D
Perhaps the most challenging thing about earthquakes is the great uncertainty around where and when they are likely to strike, which makes taking action that may save lives challenging.
Earthquakes bring about redistribution of mass and this generates observable changes of the Earth’s gravitational field, measurable using specialized instruments. High accuracy gravity measurements may provide a useful tool to help with managing the risk by identifying which faults (断层) are under stress and most likely to be active. By monitoring the progression of fault movements, it’s possible to get a medium-term outlook on which areas are most likely to be affected when the next earthquake happens.
Current earthquake warning systems are based on networks which detect the early arrival “P” seismic (地震的) waves prior to the arrival of the more destructive waves, but are unable to respond before the ground movements have already started, greatly limiting how advanced the warning can be.
While a warning caused by a gravity signal might only give a few additional seconds, such a warning can provide extra time to allow the public to take preventative action.
However, making measurements of gravity with sufficient accuracy, long-term stability and data sampling rate to achieve these signals is of course challenging. Detection of small signals for early warning systems is greatly limited by the background seismic noise which affects the sensor readings. Obtaining measurements which are stable over long periods of time and consistent between different sensors is difficult too.
The Quantum Technology Hub for Sensors and Timing led by the University of Birmingham is developing sensors which meet these challenges by employing the quantum (量子) behaviour of cold atoms to measure gravity accurately. As well as the cold atom sensors being extremely sensitive to small changes in the gravitational field, the identical (完全相同的) nature of atoms makes them ideal test masses which give consistent results.
Furthermore, by measuring two separated atom clouds at the same time, common background seismic noise can be controlled, which helps to overcome the limitations of seismic noise and allows fast and accurate measurements.
12. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A. How earthquakes are formed. B. How people can better predict earthquakes.
C. What is used to monitor earthquakes. D. What is the way to identify active faults.
13. What affects the accuracy of early warning systems
A. The number of sensors. B. The temperature of atoms.
C. The background seismic noise. D. The strength of seismic waves.
14. What makes atoms perfect test masses
A. They have the same nature. B. They are tiny.
C. They are sensitive to temperature. D. They can remove the seismic noise.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To display the uncertainty of earthquakes.
B. To show the challenges in detecting earthquakes.
C. To discuss the accuracy of earthquake warning systems.
D. To introduce a technology to improve earthquake detection.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sustainability (可持续性) is rarely as simple as a yes or no question. ____16____ But sustainable fishing does exist. And by understanding the way that fisheries operate, we can develop simple rules to guide our seafood purchases. Here are some useful tips.
____17____ If you live near a coast and have access to a fish market where locally caught seafood is sold, buying there is a great way to support local, sustainability-minded fishermen. If you live further from a coast, try to keep your purchases domestic.
Look beyond the most popular fish. ____18____ So their populations are under stress. Fishermen also feel pressured to bring them to market. Then you can turn to plentiful but unfamiliar species. By asking the fish seller, you’ll get exposed to a far wider variety and you are likely to find some new favorites along the way! If you can’t talk to the fishermen, you can look up an unfamiliar species through Seafood Watch. While no perfect rating system exists, you can find a good indicator. ____19____
Stay open to frozen or tinned. To many people, fresh fish out of the seafood counter might seem like the best option. ____20____ Many small fisheries make use of flash freezing to lock in the fish’s freshness right out of the water, so whether you find these options online or in the store, you can be assured that they’re of good quality.
A. Support local fisheries.
B Buy fish at the fish market.
C. They don’t like to eat salted fish.
D. And that’s especially true with seafood.
E. Many of the most popular fish are in high demand.
F. Actually, when it comes to quality, other options can be just as good.
G. Through it you can find whether a fish was caught sustainably or not.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My phone rang. It was my adviser calling to tell me a preprint (预印本) had just been posted that identified wrong data in a ____21____ we’d published. My heart sank as he said the article would be retracted (撤回). We couldn’t ____22____ long—the plane soon took off. I spent the 16-hour flight processing a mix of ____23____—disbelief, embarrassment, frustration—and ____24____ what this would mean for my career.
After the plane landed, I found I received a flood of messages. Some were from supportive coworkers, but many ____25____ of our work. I felt embarrassed by the criticism.
By that point, I had ____26____ a position. Coworkers encouraged me to ignore ____27____ that seemed to be directed at me ____28____. But it was hard. I struggled with self-esteem, started to ____29____ meetings and deleted my Twitter account to protect my ____30____ health.
When it became clear that a retraction was ____31____, I offered my resignation to my department head. He didn’t ____32____ it, saying a resignation wasn’t needed, considering the ____33____ in the article were honest mistakes.
I decided to ____34____, in hopes that I could eventually recover my ____35____ by publishing sound science and demonstrating I’d learned from my mistakes. But that has turned out to be a ____36____ path: I’ve had trouble getting my articles ____37____ and had problems securing funding for new projects.
Despite (尽管) these ____38____, I don’t regret our decision to ____39____ my paper. It may have been embarrassing, but it was the ____40____ thing to do. And the experience helped me grow as a scientist.
21. A. poem B. magazine C. novel D. paper
22. A. tolerate B. work C. talk D. stay
23. A. doubts B. feelings C. choices D. faults
24. A. wondering B. explaining C. introducing D. revising
25. A. thought B. tired C. dreamed D. disapproved
26. A. secured B. reserved C. missed D. refused
27. A. warnings B. risks C. comments D. suggestions
28. A. similarly B. personally C. suddenly D. respectively
29. A. delay B. attend C. chair D. escape
30. A. mental B. visual C. physical D. behavioral
31. A. impossible B. worthwhile C. typical D. unavoidable
32. A. prohibit B. accept C. admit D. ignore
33. A. opinions B. headings C. errors D. highlights
34. A. carry on B. pull over C. settle in D. break away
35. A. health B. fortune C. reputation D. power
36. A. fruitless B. tough C. controversial D. crowded
37. A. adapted B. finished C. published D. polished
38. A. challenges B. mistakes C. predictions D. disagreements
39. A. advocate B. withdraw C. share D. release
40. A. specific B. simple C. only D. right
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Beginning on March 21 and ending on April 4, Chunfen, or Spring Equinox, as the name ____41____ (indicate), begins when the day and the night are of equal ____42____ (long). During this period, the sun’s position in the sky moves northwards, marking a ____43____ (gradual) longer day in the Northern Hemisphere and a longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. In the two weeks, Chinese traditionally like to head out to fly kites or play a game in which they try to balance an egg to make ____44____ stand up.
There are many ____45____ (attract) customs that have been passed down in different places across China over the centuries to celebrate this unique day. At first, it ____46____ (use)by ancient farmers to mark the beginning of the sowing season and farm work, at the same time welcoming the season of spring. As time passed, customs ____47____ (surround) Chunfen produced various activities such as dragon dances and waist drum performances.
____48____ the Spring Equinox right around the corner, crowds of people from around the country have been heading to Anren, a small county in Hunan Province, ____49____ (take) part in ceremonies to memorialize China’s “Divine Farmer” Shennong and pray for a good harvest.
There are also some celebrations that are seen in most places around China, some of _____50_____ have even made their way overseas.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday, we went to celebrate my grandfather’s eighty birthday in a restaurant. When we sat down to eat, I noticed an old man standing outside. Dress in old clothes, he was hesitating, even if walking in would need great courage. It was obviously that he had no money with him. I can’t concentrate on the dishes. So I turned to my grandfather, that was seated next to me. I pointed at the strangers outside, asking if we could invite him eat with us. To my great joy, realizing what was happening, and he agreed immediately. Then I walked out and invited the man in. We had a unforgettable birthday party.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你校计划成立3D打印俱乐部，请给你班的交换生James写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 俱乐部介绍。
注意：1 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear James,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
听力：1—5 ABACB 6—10 CBABA 11—15 ACBCA 16—20 CCBBA

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