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南京师大附中2023-2024学年度第1学期
高二年级期初考试 英语试卷
注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1. 本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。 2. 答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3. 请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the man suggest going
A. By car. B. By plane. C. By ferry.
2. Why does the woman mainly chat on WeChat
A. It’s noiseless. B. It’s free. C. It’s convenient.
3. What is the man’s suggestion for the woman’s book
A. Getting rid of the artwork.
B. Improving her character’s morals.
C. Adjusting the character’s personality.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A colleague. B. An office. C. A job.
5. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a street. B. At a railway station. C. At an airport.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman want the man to do
A. Check her forms. B. Fill out application forms. C. Study abroad together.
7. Which country will the woman go to
A. America. B. England. C. Canada.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When will the man leave for Edinburgh
A. 8:35. B. 10:00. C. 10:30.
9. What will cost three pounds
A. Transporting a bicycle. B. Changing a reservation. C. Traveling during holidays.
所第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10 What does the man think of the woman’s place
A. It’s a little small. B. It’s big enough. C. It’s in a mess.
11. How long will the woman stay in Asia
A. For two weeks. B. For two months. C. For two years.
12. What does the man suggest the woman take
A. Six pairs of jeans. B. A raincoat. C. Five T-shirts.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where was the woman in the first picture
A. Behind her house. B. In a school. C. In a forest.
14. What was the woman doing in the second picture
A. She was playing with a dog.
B. She was making snowmen.
C. She was climbing mountains.
15. What was the woman’s favorite season
A. Spring. B. Autumn. C. Winter.
16. What do we know about the woman
A. She is now traveling in Alaska.
B. She spent her childhood in Alaska.
C. She painted some pictures in Alaska.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What can people do in the “Gravity Chair”
A. Experience space walk. B. Sleep in a special bed. C. See a rocket take off.
18. What is the rule of the programs
A. People have to eat freeze-dried food.
B. Children under nine can’t take part.
C. Participants must build a rocket.
19. What is the ticket price for adults
A. $550. B. $875. C. $1,500.
20. What is the talk mainly about
A. Space travel. B. Astronauts’ life. C. Camp activities.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共11小题;每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Down House, home of Charles Darwin:
Fun fact
Charles Darwin, his wife, Emma, and their children lived at Down House for 40 years from 1838. Several rooms appear as if the family still live here: with croquet sets thrown into an under-stairs cupboard, a half-played game of backgammon on a side table and Emma’s knitting(毛线) left on a chair in the drawing room. Upstairs, an exhibition showcases Darwin’s voyage aboard HMS Beagle, including a reconstruction of his cabin. Outside, visitors can explore the sheltered gardens which Darwin used as an open-air laboratory, and the greenhouse in which he planted rare plants and devised botanical experiments.
No room at Down House escaped Darwin’s experiments. In the drawing room he once placed a jar of earthworms on the grand piano to see whether they could hear.
Getting there
A 15-minute drive from the A21/Farnborough. Free parking. The R8 bus from Orpington stops nearby (except Sundays) or the 146 bus from Bromley North and South terminates (终点站) in Downe village, half a mile from the property. The nearest railway stations are Chelsfield or Orpington, about four miles away.
Value for money
It’s ￡12 (adult), ￡7.20 (child), or ￡31.30 (family with 2 adults). Under 5s go free.
Opening hours
Open daily 10am-6pm from 30 March to 30 September; daily 10 a.m. — 5 p.m. between 1 to 31 October. Opening times vary through the winter (check website for details).
Verdict(评价)
8/10. An unstuffy educational, gentle day-trip attraction with friendly, knowledgeable staff.
1. What can visitors do in Down House
A. Play the grand piano. B. Set sail in HMS Beagle.
C. Explore Darwin’s work and life. D. Try food sourced from the garden.
2. How much would a couple with their 4-year-old twin sons pay for admission
A. ￡38.40. B. ￡26.20. C. ￡31.30. D. ￡24.
3. What do we know about Down House
A. It is highly thought of. B. It charges parking fees.
C. It has fixed opening hours. D. It is inconveniently located.
B
LOVE it or hate it, there is no escape from Internet slang.
This is especially true among young people in some English-speaking countries such as Australia, the UK, and the US. These days, if they haven’t caught up with the latest popular Internet slang, chances are that they often feel out of the loop on social media.
Take these posts by The Washington Post for example: “David Bowie dying is totes tradge” and “When Cookie hugged Jamal, it made me totes emosh”. What on earth do these mean Well, “totes” is a short form of the adverb “totally”. Likewise, “tradge” means “tragic” and “emosh” means “emotional”.
It seems that, for millennials (those born between the early 1980s and late 1990s), typing in this abbreviated form is not only time-saving but also hip. Many millennial slang words are formed by what linguists call the practice of totesing — the systematic abbreviation of words, according to a recent article in The Washington Post.
Some people think that millennial slang affects the English language negatively. However, Melbourne University linguist Rosey Billington doesn’t agree.
“When you are able to use language in a creative way, you show you are linguistically knowledgeable because you know the language rules well enough to use words in a different way,” Billington told .au. Her view is backed up by two linguists, Lauren Spradlin, and Taylor Jones, from the City University of New York and the University of Pennsylvania respectively. The two believe that totes-speak is a highly-organized system that can only be used by speakers who have mastered English pronunciation.
“The ability to break apart syllables and mix different sounds together is key. Totesing is about sounds, and it follows the sometimes complicated sound system of English,” Jones told The Washington Post. Totesing is not random. On the contrary, it has strict rules to follow. You need to be very fluent in the English language to be able to understand totes-speak.
4. The underlined phrase “out of the loop” in the second paragraph probably means________.
A. accepted easily B. bored and annoyed
C comfortable and relaxed D. unaware of certain information
5. How does the author explain the phenomenon of totesing
A. By making comparisons. B. By listing examples.
C. By giving descriptions. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
6. What is Lauren Spradlin’s attitude toward the practice of totesing
A. Worried. B. Cautious. C. Positive. D. Critical.
7. Which of the following might Taylor Jones agree with
A. Internet slang is mostly created by professional linguists.
B. Totesing is mainly about making words easier to pronounce.
C. Totesing should be promoted since it is cool, creative, and time-saving.
D. Totesing requires speakers to master the language’s rules very well.
C
Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.
A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones (无人机): builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle, while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process.
The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting any errors.
The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder (圆筒) made of foam and a small cylinder made of the cement mixture. The tasks were difficult because simply making circles on top of other circles would not achieve the perfect alignment (对齐) that is necessary to ensure maximum stability.
Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours — the cylinders were built to be within 5 mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standard. While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing (制造), Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things dangerous or inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term. Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his constriction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.
8. What inspires the design of Dr Kovac’s team
A. Bees building larger hives than their size.
B. Bees flying in a more flexible way.
C. Bees growing bigger than the hive.
D. Bees working together as a team.
9 What is the feature of typical 3D printers
A. They expand the range of printing.
B. They make adjustment while printing.
C. They are more flexible than traditional ones.
D. They make objects smaller than themselves.
10. What is the function of the builders in the building process
A. Correcting any errors. B. Spraying construction material.
C. Carrying the scanning camera. D. Monitoring the building process.
11. What might the flying robots first be used to do mainly according to Dr Kovac
A. Manufacture products. B. Construct buildings.
C. Repair damage in risky places. D. Monitor air pollution in the sky.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中速出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Remember Lion King Many of us walked out of that animation movie being in awe of (钦佩) the storyline, the songs, the colours and the animation. However, how many of us would have given thought to the work done by the animators
____12____ Now, multiply the amount of work it takes to produce a 90-minute movie. Mind-blowing, is it pot The patience, skills and technical training required are a lot more demanding (高要求的) than a non-animated movie.
One of the greatest soft skills an animator can have will be the ability to work together in a team. ____13____ Just as it takes a village to bring up a child, it takes a number of people to create an animated film.
The team of animators usually use computer software and work with artists to create the magic and make the characters “come to life.” A successful production accurately captures (捕捉) the characters’ wide range of expressions, among other aspects. ____14____ It’s usually after a great amount of time spent studying acting and observational skills. The animators study body movements to create realistic and specific emotions and reactions in their characters.
Animation work usually differs from pre-production to production stages. Some animators are involved in developing and visualizing (可视化)the storyline. Some animators are involved in keeping the characters’ personalities and core (核心的) positions constant throughout the production. ____15____ At times, the movements of the actors and actresses are captured and then mapped on to the animation drawings.
Do animators go to a school to learn animation first Ideally, yes. It is highly recommended that animator-lovers get a college degree first. If you are interested in becoming an animator, do not stop there. Bravely approach production houses for internship (实习) opportunities. ____16____
A. Animation is never a solo effort.
B. These expressions are not created overnight.
C. The team will also need to be good communicators.
D. It takes weeks to create a ten-second animation production.
E. Animators at the production stage bring the characters to life.
F. An animator with a suitable qualification and experiences is always in demand.
G. Animators are the most sensitive creators when it comes to life and human nature.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Bruno went into the kitchen and got the biggest surprise of his life. He could barely believe his eyes. “Shmuel!” he said. “What are you doing here in my kitchen ”
Shmuel looked up and his terrified face ____17____ a broad smile on seeing his friend. “Bruno!” he said. “They asked me to polish the glasses. They said they needed someone with tiny ____18____.”
He held his hand out and Bruno noticed that it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton. In reply, Bruno held his own hand out, which appeared ____19____ and full of life. The veins (血管) weren’t visible through the skin, the fingers weren’t little more than dying twigs (细枝). Shmuel’s hand, however, told a very ____20____ story.
“Shmuel! Here!” said Bruno, stepping forward and putting some slices of chicken in his friend’s hand. “Just eat them.” The boy stared at the food in his hand for a moment and then looked up at Bruno with wide and ____21____ but terrified eyes. He threw a ____22____ in the direction of the door and then thrust all the slices into his mouth in one go.
“Thank you, Bruno.” said Shmuel, giving a faint smile.
Bruno smiled back and was about to offer him more food, but just at that moment Lieutenant Kotler reappeared. Bruno stared at him, feeling the ____23____ grow heavy, sensing Shmuel’s shoulders sinking down.
____24____ Bruno, Lieutenant Kotler marched over to Shmuel and glared at him. Shmuel looked up at Lieutenant Kotler, who frowned, leaning forward slightly as he examined the boy’s face. “You have been eating,” said Lieutenant Kotler. “Did you ____25____ something from that fridge ” Shmuel looked toward Bruno, his eyes pleading for _____26_____.
“Answer me!” shouted Lieutenant Kotler.
“No, sir. He gave it to me,” said Shmuel, tears welling up in his eyes. “He’s my friend,” he added.
“Do you know this boy, Bruno ” he asked in a loud voice.
Bruno’s mouth _____27_____ and he tried to say the word “yes”, but then he realized that he couldn’t because he was feeling just as _____28_____ himself.
“Tell me, Bruno!” shouted Kotler, his face growing red. “I won’t ask you a third time.”
“I’ve _____29_____ seen him before in my life,” said Bruno immediately, “I don’t know him.”
Hearing that, Shmuel wasn’t crying any more, merely staring at the floor and looking as if he was trying to _____30_____ his soul not to live inside his tiny body any more, but to _____31_____ away and sail to the door and rise up into the sky, gliding through the clouds until it was far away.
17. A. searched for B. broke into C. wiped out D. held back
18. A. mouths B. wrists C. figures D. fingers
19. A. healthy B. flexible C. rough D. slim
20. A. adventurous B. straightforward C. inspiring D. different
21. A. sharp B. curious C. grateful D. regretful
22. A. slice B. glance C. shadow D. glass
23. A. atmosphere B. breathing C. responsibility D. schedule
24. A. Comforting B. Introducing C. Ignoring D. Avoiding
25. A. collect B. steal C. clean D. remove
26. A. explanation B. help C. mercy D. apology
27. A. dropped open B. shut up C. felt dry D. worked fast
28. A. thrilled B. guilty C. awkward D. terrified
29. A. frequently B. rarely C. never D. occasionally
30. A. forbid B. convince C. warn D. permit
31. A. pull B. pass C. fell D. escape
第二节(共10题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词成括号内单词的正确形式。
If you’ve ever wondered what dreams taste like, you’re in for a treat, because Coca-Cola is releasing another new limited-edition flavor ____32____ (call) Dreamworld. ____33____ latest Coke is supposed to taste like dreams.
“This limited-edition flavor is your gateway into a lively, ____34____ (energy) world ____35____ imaginations are free to discover the magic in ordinary moments.” Coca-Cola said in a press release.
The release of the new flavor is part of the company’s effort ____36____ (attract) new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations, ____37____ will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds.
“Coca-Cola Dreamworld makes use ____38____ Gen Z’s passion for the great potential of the mind by exploring ____39____ a dream tastes like,” Alessandra Cascino, Coca-Cola North America Operating Unit’s creative shopper program director, said.
____40____ (start) Monday, Aug 15, Dreamworld will be available in grocery stores and gas stations across the US. It _____41_____ (sell) by the bottle and in cans and there will be both regular and zero-sugar options available.
第四部分 课标词汇1200(共50小题;每小题0.5分，满分25分)
高考英语词汇背诵手册检测1 (P1-83)
一、根据中文释义和首字母提示默写单词：
根据中文释义和首字母提示默写单词
42. a____________ n. 机会；通道；vt. 进入；使用
43. a____________ vt. 承认(权威，地位)；公开(感谢)
44. a____________ adj. 宏大的；有野心的；有雄心的
45. a____________ n. 渴望；焦虑，担心
46. a____________ n. 申请人
47. a____________ n. 假定，假设
48. b____________复数____________ n. 基础；原因；基准
49. b____________ vt. 使受益vi. 得益于
50. b____________ vt. /vi. 播送，广播；散布，传播
根据中文释义和首字母提示默写单词
51. c____________ n. 书法；书法艺术
52 c____________过去式____________过去分词____________ vt. 投射；投，抛；向……投以(笑容，视线等)
53. c____________ n. 品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字
54. c____________ n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费
55. c____________ n. 对比；比较
56. c____________ vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
57. c____________ n. 消耗，消耗量；消费
58. c____________ vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合
59. d____________ n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物
60. d____________ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布
61. e____________ adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的
62. f____________ n. 失败的人(事)；失败；故障
63. f____________ vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转
二、选择所给单词或短语的中文释义：
选择所给单词或短语的中文释义
64. abstract
A. 畸形的 B. 抽象的 C. 滥用的
65. adopt
A. 宣传 B. 改编 C. 收养
66. advocate
A. 解决 B. 敦促 C. 提倡
67. anticipate
A. 预料 B. 通知 C. 欣赏
68. autonomous
A. 矛盾的 B. 自主的 C. 自动的
69. barely
A. 几乎不 B. 经常 C. 差不多
70. bonus
A. 纽带 B. 奖金 C. 边界
71. capacity
A. 容积 B. 容器 C. 资本
72. category
A. 名望 B. 机遇 C. 类别
mercial
A. 商业的 B. 投入的 C. 奉献的
ponent
A. 对比 B. 成分 C. 能力
75. content
A. 满意的 B. 不变的 C. 复杂的
76. contradictory
A. 传统的 B. 核心的 C. 对立的
77. credit
A. 赞扬 B. 进程 C. 标准
78. departure
A. 发展 B. 表现 C. 离开
选择所给单词或短语的中文释义
79. discrimination
A. 辨别力 B. 多样性 C. 支配度
80. enthusiastic
A. 娱乐的 B. 热情的 C. 招待的
81. exceptional
A. 优秀的 B. 多余的 C. 额外的
82. facilitate
A. 使扩大 B. 使延期 C. 使便利
83. flexible
A. 灵活的 B. 分担的 C. 合格的
84. former
A. 正式的 B. 相对的 C. 昔日的
85. friction
A. 摩擦 B. 边缘 C. 频繁
86. fundamental
A. 现实的 B. 一般的 C. 重大的
87. format
A. 外形 B. 版式 C. 模具
88. generate
A. 概括 B. 聚集 C. 引起
第五部分 B2U2-B3U2课内基础知识(共三节，满分22分)
第一节 重点单词变形(共24小题;每小题0.5分，满分12分)
词性转换
89. exist vi. 存在；生活，生存→______________ n. 生存；存在
90. select vt. 选择，挑选→______________ n. 选择，挑选
91. promote v. 促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→______________ n. 促进，推动；促销；晋升
92. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的→______________ n. 方便，便利；便利设施
93. represent vt. 代表；体现→______________ n. 代表；典型人物adj. 有代表性的；典型的
94. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心vi. 决心→______________ n. 决心；决定
95. significant adj. 有重要意义的；显著的→______________ n. 意义；重要性
96. reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；反射；沉思→______________ n. 反映；思考；反射；映像
97. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的→______________ n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量
98. devote vt. 致力，献身，倾注→______________ n. 奉献，忠心
99. harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害→______________ adj. 有害的
词性转换
100. survive vi. 存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难→______________ n. 幸存
101. extinction n. 灭绝，绝种→______________ adj. 灭绝的，绝种的
102. profit n. 利润；好处vi. & vt. 获益→______________ adj. 有利润的，盈利的
103. defence n. 辩护；防御，保护→______________ adj. 保护性的
104. poison v. 污染；毒死，毒害n. 毒物，毒药→______________ adj. 有毒的
105. consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→______________ adj. 随之而来的
106. poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的，不幸的→______________ n. 贫穷
107. injure v. 伤害，使受伤；损害→______________ n. 伤害
108. relief n. 宽慰；减轻；救济→______vt. 减轻
109. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的______ n. 好奇心
110. erupt vi. &vt. (火山)爆发；突然发生→____________________ n. 爆发
111. distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→______adj. 遥远的
112. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的→______________vt. 使锋利
第二节 根据句意或括号中的中英文提示，用单词的适当形式完成句子。(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分)
113. The answer came to her in a flash of ___________(inspire). （所给词的适当形式填空）
114. The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If _______(breathe) in, it may result in illness or even death. (所给词的适当形式填空)
115. My brother ________(admit) into a university, which delighted us all. （所给词的适当形式填空）
116. To my _________(满意), the boss was very generous and treated me to a beer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
117. Seeing the girl struggling in the lake, he threw himself in the icy water without _________ (犹豫迟疑), and saved her from drowning. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
118. ____ (congratulate)! You've done an amazing performance! You win! (所给词的适当形式填空)
119. Scientists have invested time, money and efforts into research of space _________ (explore). (所给词的适当形式填空)
120. There’s no harm in your staying up late______(occasion). (所给词的适当形式填空)
121. Landing on the moon’s far side is ________ (extreme) challenging. （所给词的适当形式填空）
122. Varieties of ceremonies have been held ____ (annual) to memorize the founding of New China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
123. Paper cutting is often used as a _________(装饰) for a joyous atmosphere. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
124. An enormous (巨大的) wave covered our boat and Bill fell into the sea. _________ (fortunate), he was picked up by a boat passing by. (所给词的适当形式填空)
125. There is worldwide concern about the_______(destroy) of the rainforest. (所给词的适当形式填空）
126. Please take good care of yourself and keep your parents ________ (inform) of what is happening to you. （所给词的适当形式填空）
127. The police have issued a detailed _________ (describe) of the missing woman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
128. The animal protection organization is calling for a ________ (globe) ban on whaling. （所给词的适当形式填空）
129. The ______ (long) of the time needed has a close association with the amount of work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
130. Picking up the award, she declared she had no _________(退休) plans recently. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
131. Before choices are finalized, parents will receive a _________(confirm) letter regarding their child’s choices. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
第六部分 原版小说阅读(共三节，满分18分)
第一节 根据括号内所给中文释义及首字母并用单词的恰当形式填空。(共16小题;每小题0.5分，满分8分)
132. He could feel tears s_________ (涌) up behind his eyes but he was determined that he wouldn’t allow them to appear. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
133. He f_________ (突然停住，呆住), unable to move for a moment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
134. A few stood near the huts in quiet groups, staring at the ground as if it was the sort of game where they didn’t want to be s_________(发现，注意到). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
135. Bruno s_________ (做吞咽动作) nervously and, after a few moments’ silence, glanced back at Father, who was staring him stony-faced. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
136. He stared at the spidery cracks and imagined that there were insects living in the spaces between the paint and the ceiling, trying to create a gap so that they could s_________ (挤入) through. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
137. “Now, Mother,” said Father in a t_________ (宽容的) voice. “You know this isn’t the time.” (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
138. All the people who w_________ (闲适，漫步) through his house wore uniforms of varying quality and decoration. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
139. You look directly ahead and show him the respect and courtesy that such a great leader d_________ (值得，应得). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
140. He looked at her without saying anything for a moment and thought to himself that she couldn’t have a_________ (涂，敷) her make-up correctly that morning. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
141. “Because he’s an imaginary friend,” said Bruno, trying his best to look e_________ (尴尬的) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
142. Bruno n_________ (眯起) his eyes and wished he were taller, stronger and eight years older. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
143. It had been almost a year since Bruno had come home to find Maria packing his things, and his memories of life in Berlin had almost all f_________ (逐渐消失) away. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
144. Bruno opened his mouth to speak but worried that he would get himself into trouble if he r_________ (透露，揭示) too much. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
145. “Wonderful,” said Bruno, caught up in the e_________(热情) of the moment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
146. But he could put that down to being a typical boy, which was what Mother c_________ (声称) he was. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
147. “Yes, you did. You said that someone will think you’ve forgotten them.” “Pardon ” “Bruno!” she said in a t_________ (威胁的) voice. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
第二节 选择所给词组的中文释义。(共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分)
选择所给词组的中文释义
148. sth. be in chaos
A. 处于一片混乱中 B. 处于一片和谐中
149. stretch out one’s arm
A. 挠了挠某人的胳膊 B. 伸出某人的胳膊
150. stick in one’s mind
A. 坚持一个人的思想 B. 深深留在某人的脑海里
151. resign oneself to sth.
A. 顺从于某事 B. 辞职去做某事
152. on the spot
A. 当场，立即 B. 在这个点上
153. to one’s credit
A. 某人信用良好 B. 某人值得赞扬
154. be committed to sth.
A. 某人致力于做某事 B. 某人因做某事而犯罪
155. summon up one’s courage
A. 鼓起勇气 B. 唤醒勇气
156. gather one’s thoughts
A. 做好思想准备 B. 集中注意力
157 be at the mercy of sb
A. 任由某人摆布 B. 受某人的怜悯
第三节 翻译所给句子。(共1小题;满分2分)
158. She sighed and threw her hands in the air in frustration before marching back to the staircase (楼梯), followed by Bruno, who wasn’t going to let the matter drop without an explanation. (英译汉)
第四节 回答问题。(共1小题;满分3分)
In literature the point of view refers to the person telling the story. It can be narrated by a character in the book or by the author. Sometimes even though the book is narrated by the author, it focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character. Who is telling the story On whose thoughts and feelings does the narration focus Why does the author choose this point of view
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________南京师大附中2023-2024学年度第1学期
高二年级期初考试 英语试卷
注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1. 本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。 2. 答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3. 请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the man suggest going
A. By car. B. By plane. C. By ferry.
2. Why does the woman mainly chat on WeChat
A. It’s noiseless. B. It’s free. C. It’s convenient.
3. What is the man’s suggestion for the woman’s book
A. Getting rid of the artwork.
B. Improving her character’s morals.
C. Adjusting the character’s personality.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A colleague. B. An office. C. A job.
5. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a street. B. At a railway station. C. At an airport.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman want the man to do
A. Check her forms. B. Fill out application forms. C. Study abroad together.
7. Which country will the woman go to
A. America. B. England. C. Canada.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When will the man leave for Edinburgh
A. 8:35. B. 10:00. C. 10:30.
9. What will cost three pounds
A. Transporting a bicycle. B. Changing a reservation. C. Traveling during holidays.
所第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man think of the woman’s place
A. It’s a little small. B. It’s big enough. C. It’s in a mess.
11. How long will the woman stay in Asia
A. For two weeks. B. For two months. C. For two years.
12. What does the man suggest the woman take
A. Six pairs of jeans. B. A raincoat. C. Five T-shirts.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where was the woman in the first picture
A. Behind her house. B. In a school. C. In a forest.
14. What was the woman doing in the second picture
A. She was playing with a dog.
B. She was making snowmen.
C. She was climbing mountains.
15. What was the woman’s favorite season
A. Spring. B. Autumn. C. Winter.
16. What do we know about the woman
A. She is now traveling in Alaska.
B. She spent her childhood in Alaska.
C. She painted some pictures in Alaska.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What can people do in the “Gravity Chair”
A. Experience space walk. B. Sleep in a special bed. C. See a rocket take off.
18. What is the rule of the programs
A. People have to eat freeze-dried food.
B. Children under nine can’t take part.
C. Participants must build a rocket.
19. What is the ticket price for adults
A. $550. B. $875. C. $1,500.
20. What is the talk mainly about
A. Space travel. B. Astronauts’ life. C. Camp activities.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共11小题;每小题2.5分，满分27.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Down House, home of Charles Darwin:
Fun fact
Charles Darwin, his wife, Emma, and their children lived at Down House for 40 years from 1838. Several rooms appear as if the family still live here: with croquet sets thrown into an under-stairs cupboard, a half-played game of backgammon on a side table and Emma’s knitting(毛线) left on a chair in the drawing room. Upstairs, an exhibition showcases Darwin’s voyage aboard HMS Beagle, including a reconstruction of his cabin. Outside, visitors can explore the sheltered gardens which Darwin used as an open-air laboratory, and the greenhouse in which he planted rare plants and devised botanical experiments.
No room at Down House escaped Darwin’s experiments. In the drawing room he once placed a jar of earthworms on the grand piano to see whether they could hear.
Getting there
A 15-minute drive from the A21/Farnborough. Free parking. The R8 bus from Orpington stops nearby (except Sundays) or the 146 bus from Bromley North and South terminates (终点站) in Downe village, half a mile from the property. The nearest railway stations are Chelsfield or Orpington, about four miles away.
Value for money
It’s ￡12 (adult), ￡7.20 (child), or ￡31.30 (family with 2 adults). Under 5s go free.
Opening hours
Open daily 10am-6pm from 30 March to 30 September; daily 10 a.m. — 5 p.m. between 1 to 31 October. Opening times vary through the winter (check website for details).
Verdict(评价)
8/10. An unstuffy educational, gentle day-trip attraction with friendly, knowledgeable staff.
1. What can visitors do in Down House
A. Play the grand piano. B. Set sail in HMS Beagle.
C. Explore Darwin’s work and life. D. Try food sourced from the garden.
2. How much would a couple with their 4-year-old twin sons pay for admission
A. ￡38.40. B. ￡26.20. C. ￡31.30. D. ￡24.
3. What do we know about Down House
A. It is highly thought of. B. It charges parking fees.
C. It has fixed opening hours. D. It is inconveniently located.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文。文章主要介绍了参观达尔文故居的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fun fact部分中“Outside, visitors can explore the sheltered gardens which Darwin used as an open-air laboratory, and the greenhouse in which he planted rare plants and devised botanical experiments.(在外面，游客可以探索达尔文用作露天实验室的遮蔽花园，以及他种植稀有植物和设计植物学实验的温室)”可知，游客在这里可以探索了解达尔文当年的工作生活情况，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Value for money部分中“It’s ￡12 (adult), ￡7.20 (child), or ￡31.30 (family with 2 adults). Under 5s go free.(成人￡12，儿童￡7.20，或￡31.30（一个有2个成年人的家庭）。5岁以下免费)”可知，四岁孩子不要钱，父母带两个四岁孩子的最优惠价格是12+12=24英镑，故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Verdict部分“8/10. An unstuffy educational, gentle day-trip attraction with friendly, knowledgeable staff.(8/10。一个充满教育气息、温和的一日游景点，拥有友好、知识渊博的工作人员)”可知该处景点评价很高，故选A。
B
LOVE it or hate it, there is no escape from Internet slang.
This is especially true among young people in some English-speaking countries such as Australia, the UK, and the US. These days, if they haven’t caught up with the latest popular Internet slang, chances are that they often feel out of the loop on social media.
Take these posts by The Washington Post for example: “David Bowie dying is totes tradge” and “When Cookie hugged Jamal, it made me totes emosh”. What on earth do these mean Well, “totes” is a short form of the adverb “totally”. Likewise, “tradge” means “tragic” and “emosh” means “emotional”.
It seems that, for millennials (those born between the early 1980s and late 1990s), typing in this abbreviated form is not only time-saving but also hip. Many millennial slang words are formed by what linguists call the practice of totesing — the systematic abbreviation of words, according to a recent article in The Washington Post.
Some people think that millennial slang affects the English language negatively. However, Melbourne University linguist Rosey Billington doesn’t agree.
“When you are able to use language in a creative way, you show you are linguistically knowledgeable because you know the language rules well enough to use words in a different way,” Billington told .au. Her view is backed up by two linguists, Lauren Spradlin, and Taylor Jones, from the City University of New York and the University of Pennsylvania respectively. The two believe that totes-speak is a highly-organized system that can only be used by speakers who have mastered English pronunciation.
“The ability to break apart syllables and mix different sounds together is key. Totesing is about sounds, and it follows the sometimes complicated sound system of English,” Jones told The Washington Post. Totesing is not random. On the contrary, it has strict rules to follow. You need to be very fluent in the English language to be able to understand totes-speak.
4. The underlined phrase “out of the loop” in the second paragraph probably means________.
A. accepted easily B. bored and annoyed
C. comfortable and relaxed D. unaware of certain information
5. How does the author explain the phenomenon of totesing
A. By making comparisons. B. By listing examples.
C By giving descriptions. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
6. What is Lauren Spradlin’s attitude toward the practice of totesing
A. Worried. B. Cautious. C. Positive. D. Critical.
7. Which of the following might Taylor Jones agree with
A. Internet slang is mostly created by professional linguists.
B. Totesing is mainly about making words easier to pronounce.
C. Totesing should be promoted since it is cool, creative, and time-saving.
D. Totesing requires speakers to master the language’s rules very well.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。网络俚语很受欢迎，《华盛顿邮报》最近的一篇文章指出，许多千禧一代的俚语词汇都是由语言学家所说的“totesing”行为形成的，这是词汇的系统性缩写。有些人认为千禧一代俚语对英语有负面影响，然而一些语言学家却不这么认为。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“LOVE it or hate it, there is no escape from Internet slang.(爱也好，恨也罢，网络俚语无处不在)”及“These days, if they haven’t caught up with the latest popular Internet slang(如今，如果他们还没有跟上最新流行的网络俚语)”可知，网络俚语很流行，如果他们还没有跟上最新流行的网络俚语，他们很可能会觉得自己不知道社交媒体上的信息。由此推知，划线短语的意思是“不知道某些信息”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Take these posts by The Washington Post for example: “David Bowie dying is totes tradge” and “When Cookie hugged Jamal it made me totes emosh.”What on earth do these mean Well, “totes” is a short form of the adverb “totally”. Likewise, “tradge” means “tragic” and “emosh” means “emotional”.(以《华盛顿邮报》的这些帖子为例：“ david bowie 的死就是 totes tradge”和“ Cookie 拥抱 jamal 让我感到 totes emosh”这到底是什么意思？” “totes”是副词“total”的缩写形式。同样，“tradge”表示“悲剧”，“emosh”表示“情绪化”)”可知，作者是通过实例来解释totesing的现象的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Her view is backed up by two linguists, Lauren Spradlin and Taylor Jones, from the City University of New York and the University of Pennsylvania respectively. The two believe that totes-speak is a highly-organized system that can only be used by speakers who have mastered English pronunciation.(她的观点得到了纽约城市大学和宾夕法尼亚大学两位语言学家Lauren Spradlin和Taylor Jones的支持。两人认为，totes speak是一个高度组织的系统，只有掌握了英语发音的人才能使用)”可推知，Lauren Spradlin对于Totesing是积极的态度。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Totesing is about sounds, and it follows the sometimes-complicated sound system of English,” Jones told The Washington Post. “Totesing is not random. On the contrary, it has strict rules to follow. You need to be very fluent in the English language to be able to understand totes-speak.”(Jones告诉《华盛顿邮报》：“Totesing是关于声音的，它遵循的是很复杂的英语声音系统。Totesing不是随机的。相反，它有严格的规则要遵守。你需要非常流利的英语，才能理解他们的语言)”可推知，Totesing要求使用者很好地掌握这门语言的规则。故选D项。
C
Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.
A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones (无人机): builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle, while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process.
The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting any errors.
The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder (圆筒) made of foam and a small cylinder made of the cement mixture. The tasks were difficult because simply making circles on top of other circles would not achieve the perfect alignment (对齐) that is necessary to ensure maximum stability.
Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours — the cylinders were built to be within 5 mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standard. While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing (制造), Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things dangerous or inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term. Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his constriction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.
8. What inspires the design of Dr Kovac’s team
A. Bees building larger hives than their size.
B. Bees flying in a more flexible way.
C. Bees growing bigger than the hive.
D. Bees working together as a team.
9. What is the feature of typical 3D printers
A. They expand the range of printing.
B. They make adjustment while printing.
C. They are more flexible than traditional ones.
D. They make objects smaller than themselves.
10. What is the function of the builders in the building process
A. Correcting any errors. B. Spraying construction material.
C. Carrying the scanning camera. D. Monitoring the building process.
11. What might the flying robots first be used to do mainly according to Dr Kovac
A. Manufacture products. B. Construct buildings.
C. Repair damage in risky places. D. Monitor air pollution in the sky.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受到蜜蜂飞行建筑团队的启发，Kovac博士开发了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法，消除了以往3D打印机因喷嘴喷射范围有限，只能制造比自身小的物体的局限。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.(蜂组队完成一个复杂的蜂巢，最终蜂巢的大小是它们的许多倍。正是这些昆虫建造团队启发了伦敦帝国理工学院的机器人专家Mirko Kovac，他开发了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法)”结合下文介绍一个有建造者和扫描仪的3D打印机可推知，作为一个团队一起工作的蜜蜂启发了Kovac博士团队的设计。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself.(典型的3D打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印比自己小的物体)”可知，典型的3D打印机的特点是它们能制造出比自己小的物体。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path.(首先，建造者在它的操作区域上空盘旋，当沿着它的飞行路径巧妙地移动时，它开始释放建筑材料的射流)”可知，这款3D打印机中建造者的功能是在建造过程中喷涂建筑材料。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing (制造), Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things m dangerous or inaccessible places.(虽然这些机器人已经被证明具有制造能力，但Kovac博士说，它们的主要工作可能是修复。飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，这使得它们非常适合在危险或难以接近的地方修理东西)”可推知，飞行机器人可能首先主要用于修复危险场所的损坏。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中速出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Remember Lion King Many of us walked out of that animation movie being in awe of (钦佩) the storyline, the songs, the colours and the animation. However, how many of us would have given thought to the work done by the animators
____12____ Now, multiply the amount of work it takes to produce a 90-minute movie. Mind-blowing, is it pot The patience, skills and technical training required are a lot more demanding (高要求的) than a non-animated movie.
One of the greatest soft skills an animator can have will be the ability to work together in a team. ____13____ Just as it takes a village to bring up a child, it takes a number of people to create an animated film.
The team of animators usually use computer software and work with artists to create the magic and make the characters “come to life.” A successful production accurately captures (捕捉) the characters’ wide range of expressions, among other aspects. ____14____ It’s usually after a great amount of time spent studying acting and observational skills. The animators study body movements to create realistic and specific emotions and reactions in their characters.
Animation work usually differs from pre-production to production stages. Some animators are involved in developing and visualizing (可视化)the storyline. Some animators are involved in keeping the characters’ personalities and core (核心的) positions constant throughout the production. ____15____ At times, the movements of the actors and actresses are captured and then mapped on to the animation drawings.
Do animators go to a school to learn animation first Ideally, yes. It is highly recommended that animator-lovers get a college degree first. If you are interested in becoming an animator, do not stop there. Bravely approach production houses for internship (实习) opportunities. ____16____
A. Animation is never a solo effort.
B. These expressions are not created overnight.
C. The team will also need to be good communicators.
D. It takes weeks to create a ten-second animation production.
E. Animators at the production stage bring the characters to life.
F. An animator with a suitable qualification and experiences is always in demand.
G Animators are the most sensitive creators when it comes to life and human nature.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. E 16. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动画师是如何创作动画电影的。
【12题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Now, multiply the amount of work it takes to produce a 90-minute movie. Mind-blowing, is it pot The patience, skills and technical training required are a lot more demanding (高要求的) than a non-animated movie.(现在，将制作一部90分钟的电影所需的工作量翻倍。令人兴奋，是大麻吗？与非动画电影相比，对耐心、技巧和技术训练的要求要高得多。)”可知，动画电影所需要的时间、努力等要比非动画电影多得多。选项D“It takes weeks to create a ten-second animation production.(制作一个十秒钟的动画作品需要几个星期。)”指的也是制作动画电影需要大量时间，与下文内容一致。故选D。
【13题详解】
根据空后内容“Just as it takes a village to bring up a child, it takes a number of people to create an animated film.(正如养育一个孩子需要一个村庄一样，制作一部动画电影也需要很多人。)”可知，制作一部动画电影需要很多人的努力。选项A“Animation is never a solo effort.(动画电影从来不是一个人的努力。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是动画电影需要很多人的努力。故选A。
【14题详解】
根据空前“A successful production accurately captures (捕捉) the characters’ wide range of expressions, among other aspects.(一部成功的作品准确地捕捉了人物广泛的表情，以及其他方面。)”可知，好的动画作品还需要人物广泛的表情。选项B“These expressions are not created overnight.(这些表达不是一夜之间形成的。)”是上文内容的自然延续，同时引出下文“It’s usually after a great amount of time spent studying acting and observational skills. The animators study body movements to create realistic and specific emotions and reactions in their characters.(通常是在花大量时间学习表演和观察技巧之后。动画师研究身体动作，为他们的角色创造真实而具体的情绪和反应。)”。故选B。
【15题详解】
根据空前“Animation work usually differs from pre-production to production stages. Some animators are involved in developing and visualizing (可视化)the storyline. Some animators are involved in keeping the characters’ personalities and core (核心的) positions constant throughout the production.(动画工作通常不同于前期制作和后期制作阶段。一些动画师参与发展和可视化故事情节。在整个制作过程中，一些动画师参与保持角色的个性和核心位置不变。)”可知，动画师需要在制作过程中赋予角色生命。选项E“Animators at the production stage bring the characters to life.(动画师在制作阶段给角色赋予生命。)”与上文内容一致，同时引出下文“At times, the movements of the actors and actresses are captured and then mapped on to the animation drawings.(有时，演员的动作被捕捉到，然后映射到动画图纸上。)”。整段内容讲述的都是动画师如何进行角色塑造。故选E。
【16题详解】
根据空前“Do animators go to a school to learn animation first Ideally, yes. It is highly recommended that animator-lovers get a college degree first. If you are interested in becoming an animator, do not stop there. Bravely approach production houses for internship (实习) opportunities.(动画师会先去学校学习动画吗？理想情况下，是的。强烈建议动画爱好者首先获得大学学位。如果你有兴趣成为一名动画师，不要止步于此。勇敢地向制片公司寻求实习机会。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是成为动画师的要求。选项F“Animators are the most sensitive creators when it comes to life and human nature.(具有适当资格和经验的动画师总是需要的。)”是上文内容的总结，讲述的是动画师需要有适当的资格和经验。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Bruno went into the kitchen and got the biggest surprise of his life. He could barely believe his eyes. “Shmuel!” he said. “What are you doing here in my kitchen ”
Shmuel looked up and his terrified face ____17____ a broad smile on seeing his friend. “Bruno!” he said. “They asked me to polish the glasses. They said they needed someone with tiny ____18____.”
He held his hand out and Bruno noticed that it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton. In reply, Bruno held his own hand out, which appeared ____19____ and full of life. The veins (血管) weren’t visible through the skin, the fingers weren’t little more than dying twigs (细枝). Shmuel’s hand, however, told a very ____20____ story.
“Shmuel! Here!” said Bruno, stepping forward and putting some slices of chicken in his friend’s hand. “Just eat them.” The boy stared at the food in his hand for a moment and then looked up at Bruno with wide and ____21____ but terrified eyes. He threw a ____22____ in the direction of the door and then thrust all the slices into his mouth in one go.
“Thank you, Bruno.” said Shmuel, giving a faint smile.
Bruno smiled back and was about to offer him more food, but just at that moment Lieutenant Kotler reappeared. Bruno stared at him, feeling the ____23____ grow heavy, sensing Shmuel’s shoulders sinking down.
____24____ Bruno, Lieutenant Kotler marched over to Shmuel and glared at him. Shmuel looked up at Lieutenant Kotler, who frowned, leaning forward slightly as he examined the boy’s face. “You have been eating,” said Lieutenant Kotler. “Did you ____25____ something from that fridge ” Shmuel looked toward Bruno, his eyes pleading for _____26_____.
“Answer me!” shouted Lieutenant Kotler.
“No, sir. He gave it to me,” said Shmuel, tears welling up in his eyes. “He’s my friend,” he added.
“Do you know this boy, Bruno ” he asked in a loud voice.
Bruno’s mouth _____27_____ and he tried to say the word “yes”, but then he realized that he couldn’t because he was feeling just as _____28_____ himself.
“Tell me, Bruno!” shouted Kotler, his face growing red. “I won’t ask you a third time.”
“I’ve _____29_____ seen him before in my life,” said Bruno immediately, “I don’t know him.”
Hearing that, Shmuel wasn’t crying any more, merely staring at the floor and looking as if he was trying to _____30_____ his soul not to live inside his tiny body any more, but to _____31_____ away and sail to the door and rise up into the sky, gliding through the clouds until it was far away.
17. A. searched for B. broke into C. wiped out D. held back
18. A. mouths B. wrists C. figures D. fingers
19. A. healthy B. flexible C. rough D. slim
20. A. adventurous B. straightforward C. inspiring D. different
21. A. sharp B. curious C. grateful D. regretful
22. A. slice B. glance C. shadow D. glass
23. A. atmosphere B. breathing C. responsibility D. schedule
24. A. Comforting B. Introducing C. Ignoring D. Avoiding
25. A. collect B. steal C. clean D. remove
26. A. explanation B. help C. mercy D. apology
27. A. dropped open B. shut up C. felt dry D. worked fast
28. A. thrilled B. guilty C. awkward D. terrified
29. A. frequently B. rarely C. never D. occasionally
30. A. forbid B. convince C. warn D. permit
31 A. pull B. pass C. fell D. escape
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选自小说《穿条纹睡衣的男孩》，讲述了被关在集中营里的男孩Shmuel被纳粹军官Kotler中尉带到男孩Bruno家里擦拭玻璃杯，之前已经和Shmuel成为朋友的Bruno给瘦弱的Shmuel食物吃，却被Kotler中尉发现了，暴躁残忍的Kotler中尉质问Bruno是否认识Shmuel，出于恐惧Bruno否认了，这让Shmuel受到心灵上的伤害。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shmuel抬起头来，看到他的朋友，他惊恐的脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容。A. searched for搜索；B. broke into突然……起来；C. wiped out清除；D. held back抑制。根据下文“a broad smile on seeing his friend”可推知，broke into符合语境，broke into a smile是固定短语，意为“突然笑起来”，此处表示Shmuel看到Bruno这个朋友后绽开了灿烂的笑容。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说他们需要手指细小的人。A. mouths嘴巴；B. wrists手腕；C. figures数字；D. fingers手指。根据上文“They asked me to polish the glasses.”和下文“He held his hand out”可知，Shmuel是被派来擦拭玻璃杯的，他向Bruno伸出了手，由此推知是需要手指细小的人。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为回答，Bruno伸出他那健康而充满活力的手。A. healthy健康的；B. flexible灵活的；C. rough粗糙的；D. slim苗条的。空处和下文的“full of life”并列，用于形容Bruno的手，应该是健康而充满活力的。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Shmuel的手却讲述了一个完全不同的故事。A. adventurous冒险的；B. straightforward直接的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. different不同的。根据上文“it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton”和“The veins (血管) weren’t visible through the skin, the fingers weren’t little more than dying twigs (细枝).”可知，Shmuel的手非常干瘦、细弱，与Bruno的手相比较而言，讲述的是完全不同的故事。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男孩盯着手里的食物看了一会儿，然后抬起头，用感激而又恐惧的大眼睛看着Bruno。A. sharp锋利的；B. curious好奇的；C. grateful感激的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton”和“The veins (血管) weren’t visible through the skin, the fingers weren’t little more than dying twigs (细枝).”可知，Shmuel的手非常干瘦、细弱，因此他很可能是缺乏食物的，此时Bruno拿给他几片鸡肉吃，他会很感激。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他朝门口的方向瞥了一眼，然后一口把所有的切片都塞进嘴里。A. slice切片；B. glance一瞥；C. shadow影子；D. glass玻璃。根据上文“He threw a”和下文“in the direction of the door and then thrust all the slices into his mouth in one go”可推知，Shmuel应该是很警惕，不想让人发现自己吃鸡肉，因此会朝门口的方向瞥了一眼，再快速吃掉鸡肉，throw a glance是固定短语，意为“瞥一眼”。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bruno盯着他，感觉气氛变得沉重起来，感觉到Shmuel的肩膀往下沉。A. atmosphere气氛；B. breathing呼吸；C. responsibility责任；D. schedule日程安排。根据下文““Answer me!” shouted Lieutenant Kotler.”和““Tell me, Bruno!” shouted Kotler, his face growing red. “I won’t ask you a third time.””可知，Kotler中尉一直在大吼，非常暴躁可怕，因此他的出现会让气氛变得沉重起来。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kotler中尉无视Bruno，大步走到Shmuel面前，怒视着他。A. Comforting安慰；B. Introducing介绍；C. Ignoring忽视；D. Avoiding避免。根据下文“Lieutenant Kotler marched over to Shmuel and glared at him”可知，Kotler中尉直接走到了Shmuel面前，因此是无视了Bruno。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你从冰箱里偷东西了吗？”A. collect收集；B. steal偷；C. clean清洁；D. remove移除。根据下文Shmuel的回答“No, sir. He gave it to me”可知，Shmuel说鸡肉是Bruno给自己的，由此推知，他否认的是从冰箱里偷东西的问题。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shmuel看着Bruno，他的眼睛在乞求帮助。A. explanation解释；B. help帮助；C. mercy怜悯；D. apology道歉。根据上文Kotler中尉严酷的质问，以及下文Shmuel惊恐的回答，眼里的泪水可推知，Shmuel此时想让Bruno帮助自己，说明自己没有从冰箱里偷东西。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Bruno的嘴张得大大的，他想说“是”这个词，但后来他意识到他不能说，因为他自己也感到同样的害怕。A. dropped open张大；B. shut up闭嘴；C. felt dry变干；D. worked fast快速工作。根据下文“he tried to say the word “yes””可知，Bruno是想说话的，因此他嘴应该是张得大大的。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bruno的嘴张得大大的，他想说“是”这个词，但后来他意识到他不能说，因为他自己也感到同样的害怕。A. thrilled兴奋的；B. guilty有罪的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. terrified害怕的。根据上文Kotler中尉严酷的质问，Shmuel惊恐的回答，眼里的泪水，以及下文“just as”可知，Bruno此时的感受和Shmuel是一样的，他也很害怕。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我从来没见过他，”Bruno马上说，“我不认识他。”A. frequently频繁地；B. rarely很少地；C. never从未；D. occasionally偶尔。根据下文“I don’t know him.”可知，Bruno说自己不认识Shmuel，因此是从来没见过他。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：听了这些话，Shmuel不再哭了，只是盯着地板，看起来好像他在试图说服自己的灵魂不要再生活在他小小的身体里，而是要逃离，驶向门口，升上天空，穿过云层，直到它消失得很远。A. forbid禁止；B. convince说服；C. warn警告；D. permit允许。根据上文Shmuel希望Bruno承认两人是朋友，但是Bruno却说从未见过自己，以及下文“his soul not to live inside his tiny body any more”可推知，Shmuel的心灵受到了背叛，他会想说服自己的灵魂离开自己的身体，让自己不那么痛苦。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：听了这些话，Shmuel不再哭了，只是盯着地板，看起来好像他在试图说服自己的灵魂不要再生活在他小小的身体里，而是要逃离，驶向门口，升上天空，穿过云层，直到它消失得很远。A. pull拉；B. pass通过；C. fell倒下；D. escape逃脱。根据上文Shmuel希望Bruno承认两人是朋友，但是Bruno却说从未见过自己，以及下文“away and sail to the door and rise up into the sky”可推知，Shmuel的心灵受到了背叛，面对现在被指控偷吃的罪名，他会想让灵魂逃离这里，escape away是固定短语，意为“逃离，逃脱”。故选D。
第二节(共10题，每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词成括号内单词的正确形式。
If you’ve ever wondered what dreams taste like, you’re in for a treat, because Coca-Cola is releasing another new limited-edition flavor ____32____ (call) Dreamworld. ____33____ latest Coke is supposed to taste like dreams.
“This limited-edition flavor is your gateway into a lively, ____34____ (energy) world ____35____ imaginations are free to discover the magic in ordinary moments.” Coca-Cola said in a press release.
The release of the new flavor is part of the company’s effort ____36____ (attract) new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations, ____37____ will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds.
“Coca-Cola Dreamworld makes use ____38____ Gen Z’s passion for the great potential of the mind by exploring ____39____ a dream tastes like,” Alessandra Cascino, Coca-Cola North America Operating Unit’s creative shopper program director, said.
____40____ (start) Monday, Aug 15, Dreamworld will be available in grocery stores and gas stations across the US. It _____41_____ (sell) by the bottle and in cans and there will be both regular and zero-sugar options available.
【答案】32. called
33. The 34. energetic
35. where 36. to attract
37. which 38. of
39. what 40. Starting
41. will be sold
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍可口可乐公司新推出的一款可乐Dreamworld。
【32题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你想知道梦的味道是什么，那你就有机会了，因为可口可乐公司推出了另一款限量版口味，名为“梦幻世界”。分析句子结构可知，动词call和new limited-edition flavor是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。
【33题详解】
考查冠词。句意：最新的可口可乐应该尝起来像梦。表示“最新的”应用the latest，首字母大写。故填The。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“这款限量版口味是你进入一个充满活力的世界的大门，在这里，想象力可以自由地发现平凡时刻的魔力。”可口可乐在新闻发布会上说。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词做定语，修饰后面的名词world。故填energetic。
【35题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“这款限量版口味是你进入一个充满活力的世界的大门，在这里，想象力可以自由地发现平凡时刻的魔力。”可口可乐在新闻发布会上说。定语从句修饰先行词world，在从句中作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新口味的发布是该公司努力通过可口可乐创意吸引新的Z世代消费者的一部分，可口可乐创意将在实体和数字世界中推出一系列意想不到的饮料和体验。分析句子结构和意思可知，“attract new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations”是effort的定语，常用不定式作定语。故填to attract。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：新口味的发布是该公司努力通过可口可乐创意吸引新的Z世代消费者的一部分，可口可乐创意将在实体和数字世界中推出一系列意想不到的饮料和体验。此处“____5____ will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Creations，在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which。故填which。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：可口可乐北美运营部门创意购物项目总监亚历山德拉 卡西诺表示：“可口可乐梦幻世界通过探索梦想的味道，利用了Z世代对心灵巨大潜力的热情。”表示“利用”短语为make use of。故填of。
【39题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：可口可乐北美运营部门创意购物项目总监亚历山德拉 卡西诺表示：“可口可乐梦幻世界通过探索梦想的味道，利用了Z世代对心灵巨大潜力的热情。”分析句子结构和意思可知，“____7____ a dream tastes like”是宾语从句，从句中缺少介词like的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用从属连词what。故填what。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从8月15日星期一开始，“梦幻世界”将在美国各地的杂货店和加油站有售。分析句子结构可知start与逻辑主语Dreamworld构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Starting。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：它将以瓶装和罐装的形式出售，有普通和无糖两种选择。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文there will be可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be sold。
第四部分 课标词汇1200(共50小题;每小题0.5分，满分25分)
高考英语词汇背诵手册检测1 (P1-83)
一、根据中文释义和首字母提示默写单词：
根据中文释义和首字母提示默写单词
42. a____________ n. 机会；通道；vt. 进入；使用
43. a____________ vt. 承认(权威，地位)；公开(感谢)
44. a____________ adj. 宏大的；有野心的；有雄心的
45. a____________ n. 渴望；焦虑，担心
46. a____________ n. 申请人
47. a____________ n. 假定，假设
48. b____________复数____________ n. 基础；原因；基准
49. b____________ vt. 使受益vi. 得益于
50. b____________ vt. /vi. 播送，广播；散布，传播
【答案】42. access
43. acknowledge
44. ambitious
45. anxiety
46. applicant
47. assumption
48. ①. basis ②. bases
49. benefit
50. broadcast
【解析】
【42题详解】
考查名词和动词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查名词/动词access。故填access。
【43题详解】
考查动词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查动词acknowledge。故填acknowledge。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查形容词ambitious。故填ambitious。
【45题详解】
考查名词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查名词anxiety。故填anxiety。
【46题详解】
考查名词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查名词applicant。故填applicant。
【47题详解】
考查名词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查名词assumption。故填assumption。
【48题详解】
考查名词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查名词basis，复数是bases。故填①basis；②bases。
【49题详解】
考查动词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查动词benefit。故填benefit。
【50题详解】
考查动词。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处考查动词broadcast。故填broadcast。
根据中文释义和首字母提示默写单词
51. c____________ n. 书法；书法艺术
52. c____________过去式____________过去分词____________ vt. 投射；投，抛；向……投以(笑容，视线等)
53. c____________ n. 品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字
54. c____________ n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费
55. c____________ n. 对比；比较
56. c____________ vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
57. c____________ n. 消耗，消耗量；消费
58. c____________ vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合
59. d____________ n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物
60. d____________ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布
61. e____________ adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的
62. f____________ n. 失败的人(事)；失败；故障
63. f____________ vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转
【答案】51. calligraphy
52. ①. cast ②. cast ③. cast
53. character
mitment
parison
56. confirm
57. consumption
58. cooperate
59. defense
60. distribution
61. elderly
62. failure
63. function
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。“书法；书法艺术”英文为calligraphy，为名词形式。故填calligraphy。
【52题详解】
考查动词。“投射；投，抛；向……投以(笑容，视线等)”英文为cast，为动词形式。其过去式和过去分词都为cast。故填cast; cast; cast。
【53题详解】
考查名词。“品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字”英文为character，为名词形式。故填character。
【54题详解】
考查名词。“献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费”英文为commitment，为名词形式。故填commitment。
【55题详解】
考查名词。“对比；比较”英文为comparison，为名词形式。故填comparison。
【56题详解】
考查动词。“证实，确认；使确信；批准”英文为confirm，为动词形式。故填confirm。
【57题详解】
考查名词。“消耗，消耗量；消费”英文为consumption，为名词形式。故填consumption。
【58题详解】
考查动词。“合作，协作；协助，配合”英文为cooperate，为动词形式。故填cooperate。
【59题详解】
考查名词。“辩护；防御，保护；防御物”英文为defense，为名词形式。故填defense。
【60题详解】
考查名词。“分发，分送；分配，分布”英文为distribution，为名词形式。故填distribution。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。“年纪较大的，上了年纪的”英文为elderly，为形容词形式。故填elderly。
【62题详解】
考查名词。“失败的人(事)；失败；故障”英文为failure，为名词形式。故填failure。
【63题详解】
考查动词。“起作用，正常工作，运转”英文为function，为动词形式。故填function。
二、选择所给单词或短语的中文释义：
选择所给单词或短语的中文释义
64. abstract
A. 畸形的 B. 抽象的 C. 滥用的
65. adopt
A. 宣传 B. 改编 C. 收养
66. advocate
A. 解决 B. 敦促 C. 提倡
67. anticipate
A. 预料 B. 通知 C. 欣赏
68. autonomous
A. 矛盾的 B. 自主的 C. 自动的
69. barely
A. 几乎不 B. 经常 C. 差不多
70. bonus
A. 纽带 B. 奖金 C. 边界
71. capacity
A. 容积 B. 容器 C. 资本
72. category
A. 名望 B. 机遇 C. 类别
mercial
A. 商业的 B. 投入的 C. 奉献的
ponent
A. 对比 B. 成分 C. 能力
75. content
A. 满意的 B. 不变的 C. 复杂的
76. contradictory
A. 传统的 B. 核心的 C. 对立的
77. credit
A. 赞扬 B. 进程 C. 标准
78 departure
A. 发展 B. 表现 C. 离开
【答案】64. B 65. C 66. C 67. A 68. B 69. A 70. B 71. A 72. C 73. A 74. B 75. A 76. C 77. A 78. C
【解析】
【64题详解】
abstract形容词，意为“抽象的”。故选B项。
【65题详解】
adopt动词，意为“采取，收养”。故选C项。
【66题详解】
advocate动词，意为“提倡，拥护”。故选C项。
【67题详解】
anticipate动词，意为“预期，预料”。故选A项。
【68题详解】
autonomous形容词，意为“自治的，自主的”。故选B项。
【69题详解】
barely副词，意为“几乎不，勉强地”。故选A项。
【70题详解】
bonus名词，意为“奖金，津贴”。故选B项。
【71题详解】
capacity名词，意为“容积，能力”。故选A项。
【72题详解】
category名词，意为“类别，范畴”。故选C项。
【73题详解】
commercial形容词，意为“商业的，商务的”。故选A项。
【74题详解】
component名词，意为“成分，部件”。故选B项。
【75题详解】
content形容词，意为“满意的，满足的”。故选A项。
【76题详解】
contradictory形容词，意为“矛盾的，对立的”。故选C项。
【77题详解】
credit名词，意为“信用，赞扬”。故选A项。
【78题详解】
departure名词，意为“背离，离开”。故选C项。
选择所给单词或短语的中文释义
79. discrimination
A. 辨别力 B. 多样性 C. 支配度
80. enthusiastic
A. 娱乐的 B. 热情的 C. 招待的
81. exceptional
A. 优秀的 B. 多余的 C. 额外的
82. facilitate
A. 使扩大 B. 使延期 C. 使便利
83. flexible
A. 灵活的 B. 分担的 C. 合格的
84. former
A. 正式的 B. 相对的 C. 昔日的
85. friction
A. 摩擦 B. 边缘 C. 频繁
86. fundamental
A. 现实的 B. 一般的 C. 重大的
87. format
A. 外形 B. 版式 C. 模具
88. generate
A. 概括 B. 聚集 C. 引起
【答案】79. A 80. B 81. A 82. C 83. A 84. C 85. A 86. C 87. B 88. C
【解析】
【79题详解】
discrimination意为“辨别力”，故选A。
【80题详解】
enthusiastic意为“热情的”，故选B。
【81题详解】
exceptional意为“优秀的”，故选A。
【82题详解】
facilitate意为“使便利”，故选C。
【83题详解】
flexible意为“灵活的”，故选A。
【84题详解】
former意为“昔日的”，故选C。
【85题详解】
friction意为“摩擦”，故选A。
【86题详解】
fundamental意为“重大的”，故选C。
【87题详解】
format意为“版式”，故选B。
【88题详解】
generate意为“引起”，故选C。
第五部分 B2U2-B3U2课内基础知识(共三节，满分22分)
第一节 重点单词变形(共24小题;每小题0.5分，满分12分)
词性转换
89. exist vi. 存在；生活，生存→______________ n. 生存；存在
90. select vt. 选择，挑选→______________ n. 选择，挑选
91. promote v. 促进，推动；促销；提升，晋升→______________ n. 促进，推动；促销；晋升
92. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的→______________ n. 方便，便利；便利设施
93. represent vt. 代表；体现→______________ n. 代表；典型人物adj. 有代表性的；典型的
94. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心vi. 决心→______________ n. 决心；决定
95. significant adj. 有重要意义的；显著的→______________ n. 意义；重要性
96. reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；反射；沉思→______________ n. 反映；思考；反射；映像
97. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的→______________ n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量
98. devote vt. 致力，献身，倾注→______________ n. 奉献，忠心
99. harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害→______________ adj. 有害的
【答案】89. existence
90. selection
91. promotion
92. convenience
93. representative
94. determination
95. significance
96. reflection
97. generosity
98. devotion
99. harmful
【解析】
【89题详解】
考查名词。exist的名词“生存；存在”是existence。故填existence。
【90题详解】
考查名词。select的名词“选择，挑选”是selection。故填selection。
【91题详解】
考查名词。promote的名词“促进，推动；促销；晋升”是promotion。故填promotion。
【92题详解】
考查名词。convenient的名词“方便，便利；便利设施”是convenience。故填convenience。
【93题详解】
考查名词和形容词。represent的名词“代表；典型人物”和形容词“有代表性的；典型的”是representative。故填representative。
【94题详解】
考查名词。determine的名词“决心；决定”是determination。故填determination。
【95题详解】
考查名词。significant的名词“意义；重要性”是significance。故填significance。
【96题详解】
考查名词。reflect的名词“反映；思考；反射；映像”是reflection。故填reflection。
【97题详解】
考查名词。generous的名词“慷慨，大方，宽宏大量”是generosity。故填generosity。
【98题详解】
考查名词。devote的名词“奉献，忠心”是devotion。故填devotion。
【99题详解】
考查形容词。harm的形容词“有害的”是harmful。故填harmful。
词性转换
100. survive vi. 存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难→______________ n. 幸存
101. extinction n. 灭绝，绝种→______________ adj. 灭绝的，绝种的
102. profit n. 利润；好处vi. & vt. 获益→______________ adj. 有利润的，盈利的
103. defence n. 辩护；防御，保护→______________ adj. 保护性的
104. poison v. 污染；毒死，毒害n. 毒物，毒药→______________ adj. 有毒的
105. consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→______________ adj. 随之而来的
106. poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的，不幸的→______________ n. 贫穷
107. injure v. 伤害，使受伤；损害→______________ n. 伤害
108. relief n. 宽慰；减轻；救济→______vt. 减轻
109. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的______ n. 好奇心
110. erupt vi. &vt. (火山)爆发；突然发生→____________________ n. 爆发
111. distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→______adj. 遥远的
112. sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的→______________vt. 使锋利
【答案】100. survival
101. extinct
102. profitable
103. defensive
104. poisonous
105. consequent
106. poverty
107. injury
108. relieve
109. curiosity
110. eruption
111. distant
112. sharpen
【解析】
【100题详解】
考查名词。survive的名词“幸存”是survival。故填survival。
【101题详解】
考查形容词。extinction的形容词“灭绝的，绝种的”是extinct。故填extinct。
【102题详解】
考查形容词。profit的形容词“有利润的，盈利的”是profitable。故填profitable。
【103题详解】
考查形容词。defence的形容词“保护性的”是defensive。故填defensive。
【104题详解】
考查形容词。poison的形容词“有毒的”是poisonous。故填poisonous。
【105题详解】
考查形容词。consequence的形容词“随之而来的”是consequent。故填consequent。
【106题详解】
考查名词。poor的名词“贫穷”是poverty。故填poverty。
【107题详解】
考查名词。injure的名词“伤害”是injury。故填injury。
【108题详解】
考查动词。relief的动词“减轻”是relieve。故填relieve。
【109题详解】
考查名词。curious的名词“好奇心”是curiosity。故填curiosity。
【110题详解】
考查名词。erupt的名词“爆发”是eruption。故填eruption。
【111题详解】
考查形容词。distance的形容词“遥远的”是distant。故填distant。
【112题详解】
考查动词。sharp的动词“使锋利”是sharpen。故填sharpen。
第二节 根据句意或括号中的中英文提示，用单词的适当形式完成句子。(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分)
113. The answer came to her in a flash of ___________(inspire). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】inspiration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她灵机一动想出了答案。介词of后接名词形式，抽象名词，不可数，故填inspiration。
114. The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If _______(breathe) in, it may result in illness or even death. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】breathed
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：工厂里的空气污染严重。如果被吸入，它可能会导致疾病甚至死亡。此处是if引导的条件状语从句的省略，从句主语是it（指代air），和动词breathe之间是被动关系，故完整形式为If it is breathed in，当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略。故填breathed。
115. My brother ________(admit) into a university, which delighted us all. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was admitted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我哥哥被一所大学录取了，这使我们大家都很高兴。admit与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由delighted可知，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填was admitted。
116. To my _________(满意), the boss was very generous and treated me to a beer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】satisfaction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我满意的是，老板很慷慨，请我喝啤酒。空处被my修饰，作介词To的宾语，“满意”应用名词satisfaction，是不可数名词，to one’s satisfaction是固定短语，意为“令某人满意的是”。故填satisfaction。
117. Seeing the girl struggling in the lake, he threw himself in the icy water without _________ (犹豫迟疑), and saved her from drowning. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】hesitation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：看到女孩在湖中挣扎，他毫不犹豫地跳入冰冷的水中，把她从溺水中救了出来。。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用名词hesitation，作介词without的宾语，不可数名词，构成短语without hesitation“毫不犹豫地”。故填hesitation。
118. ____ (congratulate)! You've done an amazing performance! You win! (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Congratulations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：祝贺！你的表现太棒了！你赢了！名词congratulations常独立使用，表示“祝贺，恭喜”，且用复数形式。首字母应大写。故填Congratulations。
119. Scientists have invested time, money and efforts into research of space _________ (explore). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exploration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家们投入了时间、金钱和精力进行太空探索研究。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用名词exploration，作介词of的宾语，space exploration“太空探索”。故填exploration。
120. There’s no harm in your staying up late______(occasion). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】occasionally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：你偶尔熬夜没有什么危害。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰动词短语stay up late，结合语意可知，此处意为“偶尔”，故空处应用副词occasionally。故填occasionally。
121. Landing on the moon’s far side is ________ (extreme) challenging. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】extremely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆是极具挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词challenging，应用副词extremely“极度，非常”。故填extremely。
122. Varieties of ceremonies have been held ____ (annual) to memorize the founding of New China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】annually
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：为了纪念新中国成立，每年都会举行各种仪式。根据句意和提示词可知，副词修饰动词held，annual“每年的，年度的”，副词形式annually。故填annually。
123. Paper cutting is often used as a _________(装饰) for a joyous atmosphere. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】decoration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：剪纸常被用作装饰，营造欢乐的气氛。空处作as的宾语，空前有不定冠词a，因此“装饰”应用名词decoration的单数形式。故填decoration。
124. An enormous (巨大的) wave covered our boat and Bill fell into the sea. _________ (fortunate), he was picked up by a boat passing by. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Fortunately
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，比尔掉进了海里。幸运的是，他被一艘路过的船救起。分析可知，空处单词放句首作状语，所以用副词，“他被一艘路过的船救起”说明他是幸运的，所以用fortunately，句首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。
125. There is worldwide concern about the_______(destroy) of the rainforest. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】destruction
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：热带雨林的破坏引起了全世界的关注。分析可知，空前“about”为介词，所填空应是名词作宾语。“destroy”动词，意为“破坏，毁坏”，其名词形式为“destruction”，不可数名词。故填destruction。
126. Please take good care of yourself and keep your parents ________ (inform) of what is happening to you. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】informed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请照顾好自己，随时通知父母你的近况。分析可知，空处和句子谓语动词keep之间无and连接，所以用非谓语动词，inform和其逻辑主语parents之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词做宾补。故填informed。
127. The police have issued a detailed _________ (describe) of the missing woman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】description
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：警方发布了对失踪妇女的详细描述。此处作宾语，应用名词description“描述”，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填description。
128. The animal protection organization is calling for a ________ (globe) ban on whaling. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】global
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个动物保护组织呼吁在全球范围内禁止捕鲸。形容词修饰名词ban作定语，globe形容词是global，故填global。
129. The ______ (long) of the time needed has a close association with the amount of work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】length
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：所需时间的长短与工作量有密切的关系。根据定冠词The可知，此处应用名词length(不可数) 作主语。故填length。
130. Picking up the award, she declared she had no _________(退休) plans recently. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】retirement
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在领奖时，她宣布自己最近没有退休计划。空处作修饰plans的定语，因此“退休”应用名词retirement，为不可数名词，和plans搭配表示“退休计划”。故填retirement。
131. Before choices are finalized, parents will receive a _________(confirm) letter regarding their child’s choices. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】confirmation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在选择最终确定之前，家长将收到一封关于孩子选择的确认信。分析句子可知，空处是修饰letter的定语，应用confirm的名词形式confirmation，意为“确认”，是不可数名词，和letter搭配表示“确认信”。故填confirmation。
第六部分 原版小说阅读(共三节，满分18分)
第一节 根据括号内所给中文释义及首字母并用单词的恰当形式填空。(共16小题;每小题0.5分，满分8分)
132. He could feel tears s_________ (涌) up behind his eyes but he was determined that he wouldn’t allow them to appear. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】springing##pringing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他能感觉到从眼睛后面涌出的眼泪，但他下定决心不让泪水出现。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知为spring up；且与tears构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填springing。
133. He f_________ (突然停住，呆住) unable to move for a moment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】froze##roze
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他僵住了，一时动弹不得。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应用动词freeze，作谓语，结合语境可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填froze。
134. A few stood near the huts in quiet groups, staring at the ground as if it was the sort of game where they didn’t want to be s_________(发现，注意到). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】spotted##potted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：有几人静静地三五成群地站在小屋附近，眼睛盯着地面，好像这是一种他们不想被人发现的游戏。根据首字母和中文提示可知，空处应用动词spot，且此处用了固定短语want to do sth.，spot和they逻辑上是被动的关系，应用不定式的被动语态，空前已有be动词，因此应用spotted。故填spotted。
135. Bruno s_________ (做吞咽动作) nervously and, after a few moments’ silence, glanced back at Father, who was staring him stony-faced. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】swallowed##wallowed
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：布鲁诺紧张地咽了口气，沉默了一会儿后，回头看了父亲一眼，父亲正板着脸盯着他。根据并列连词and可知，设空处与后面的glanced并列，所以设空处也要用一般过去时；根据首字母及汉语提示可知，要填swallowed。故填swallowed。
136. He stared at the spidery cracks and imagined that there were insects living in the spaces between the paint and the ceiling, trying to create a gap so that they could s_________ (挤入) through. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】squeeze##queeze
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他盯着那些蜘蛛状的裂缝，想象着油漆和天花板之间的空隙里住着昆虫，它们试图制造一个缝隙，这样它们就可以挤过去。分析句子，设空处置于情态动词之后，故使用动词原形。表示“挤入”用squeeze。故填squeeze。
137. “Now, Mother,” said Father in a t_________ (宽容的) voice. “You know this isn’t the time.” (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】tolerant##olerant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：“好了，妈妈，”爸爸宽容地说。“你知道现在不是时候。”设空处位于名词voice前面充当定语，所以设空处要用形容词；根据首字母及汉语提示可知，设空处要填tolerant。故填tolerant。
138. All the people who w_________ (闲适，漫步) through his house wore uniforms of varying quality and decoration. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】wandered##andered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：所有在他房子里走来走去的人都穿着不同质量和装饰的制服。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，who引导的句子对前面的名词people起修饰限定作用，所以这是一个定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分可知，从句缺少谓语动词，可推断设空处充当谓语；根据主句谓语动词wore可知，句子描述的是过去的事件，所以从句也要用一般过去时；根据首字母及汉语提示可知，要填wandered。故填wandered。
139. You look directly ahead and show him the respect and courtesy that such a great leader d_________ (值得，应得). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】deserves##eserves
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：你直视前方，对他表现出这样一位伟大的领袖应有的尊重和礼貌。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，that引导的句子对前面的名词respect and courtesy起修饰限定作用，所以这是一个定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分可知，从句缺少谓语动词，所以设空处充当谓语；根据语境可知，从句描述的是现在的一般情况，所以要用一般现在时；从句主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用三单形式；根据中文提示和首字母可知，要填deserves。故填deserves。
140. He looked at her without saying anything for a moment and thought to himself that she couldn’t have a_________ (涂，敷) her make-up correctly that morning. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】applied##pplied
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他看了她一会儿，什么也没说，心里想，那天早上她可能没有把妆涂对。根据单词首字母以及提示可知应填动词apply，作谓语，结合上文couldn’t have可知为couldn’t have done形式。故填applied。
141. “Because he’s an imaginary friend,” said Bruno, trying his best to look e_________ (尴尬的) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】embarrassed##mbarrassed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：“因为他是一个想象中的朋友。”布鲁诺尽力装出一副尴尬的样子说道。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语。表示“尴尬的”用-ed形容词embarrassed。故填embarrassed。
142. Bruno n_________ (眯起) his eyes and wished he were taller, stronger and eight years older. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】narrowed##arrowed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：布鲁诺眯起眼睛，希望自己长得高些，强壮些，老八岁。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词narrow，由and wished he were taller, stronger and eight years older可知，句子陈述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填narrowed。
143. It had been almost a year since Bruno had come home to find Maria packing his things, and his memories of life in Berlin had almost all f_________ (逐渐消失) away. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】faded##aded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：布鲁诺回家发现玛丽亚在收拾他的东西已经快一年了，他在柏林生活的记忆几乎都消失了。fade away逐渐消失。根据句中had可知，用动词的过去分词形式，构成过去完成时。根据中英文提示及句意，故填faded。
144. Bruno opened his mouth to speak but worried that he would get himself into trouble if he r_________ (透露，揭示) too much. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】revealed##evealed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：布鲁诺张开嘴想说话，但他担心如果说得太多会给自己带来麻烦。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的opened可知，句子表述的是过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“揭露”用reveal。故填revealed。
145. “Wonderful,” said Bruno, caught up in the e_________(热情) of the moment. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】enthusiasm##nthusiasm
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：“太好了，”布鲁诺说，沉浸在此刻的热情中。根据首字母和中文提示可知，空处应用名词enthusiasm，是不可数名词，作in的宾语。故填enthusiasm。
146. But he could put that down to being a typical boy, which was what Mother c_________ (声称) he was. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】claimed##laimed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：但他可以把这归结为一个典型的男孩，正如他母亲声称他所是的样子。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词claim，由语境可知，句子放在was之后是表语从句，陈述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填claimed。
147. “Yes, you did. You said that someone will think you’ve forgotten them.” “Pardon ” “Bruno!” she said in a t_________ (威胁的) voice. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】threatening## hreatening
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：“是的，你说过，有人会认为你忘了他们。”“什么？”“布鲁诺！”她用一种威胁的声音说道。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词voice，表示“威胁的”用threatening。故填threatening。
第二节 选择所给词组的中文释义。(共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分)
选择所给词组的中文释义
148. sth. be in chaos
A. 处于一片混乱中 B. 处于一片和谐中
149. stretch out one’s arm
A. 挠了挠某人的胳膊 B. 伸出某人的胳膊
150. stick in one’s mind
A. 坚持一个人的思想 B. 深深留在某人的脑海里
151. resign oneself to sth.
A. 顺从于某事 B. 辞职去做某事
152. on the spot
A. 当场，立即 B. 在这个点上
153. to one’s credit
A. 某人信用良好 B. 某人值得赞扬
154. be committed to sth.
A. 某人致力于做某事 B. 某人因做某事而犯罪
155. summon up one’s courage
A. 鼓起勇气 B. 唤醒勇气
156. gather one’s thoughts
A. 做好思想准备 B. 集中注意力
157. be at the mercy of sb
A. 任由某人摆布 B. 受某人的怜悯
【答案】148. A 149. B 150. B 151. A 152. A 153. B 154. A 155. A 156. B 157. A
【解析】
【148题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语sth. be in chaos表示“处于一片混乱中”。故选A。
【149题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语stretch out one’s arm表示“伸出某人的胳膊”。故选B。
【150题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语stick in one’s mind表示“深深留在某人的脑海里”。故选B。
【151题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语resign oneself to sth.表示“顺从于某事”。故选A。
【152题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语on the spot表示“当场，立即”。故选A。
【153题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语 to one’s credit表示“某人值得赞扬”。故选B。
【154题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语be committed to sth.表示“某人致力于做某事”。故选A。
【155题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语summon up one’s courage表示“鼓起勇气”。故选A。
【156题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语gather one’s thoughts表示“集中注意力”。故选B。
【157题详解】
考查短语含义辨析。短语be at the mercy of sb表示“任由某人摆布”。故选A。
第三节 翻译所给句子。(共1小题;满分2分)
158. She sighed and threw her hands in the air in frustration before marching back to the staircase (楼梯), followed by Bruno, who wasn’t going to let the matter drop without an explanation. (英译汉)
【答案】她叹了口气，沮丧地在空中挥舞着双手，然后回到楼梯上，后面跟着布鲁诺，他不会不解释就把这件事放过的。
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构和定语从句。分析句子可知，这是一个主从复合句；主句She sighed and threw her hands in the air in frustration是主谓宾状结构，主语是she“她”，谓语部分是sighed and threw her hands“叹气和挥手”，her hands作动词threw的宾语，in the air“在空中”和in frustration“沮丧地”是状语，译为“她叹了口气，沮丧地在空中挥舞着双手”；before marching back to the staircase “然后回到楼梯上”是时间状语， followed by Bruno“后面跟着布鲁诺”是过去分词短语作状语； who wasn’t going to let the matter drop without an explanation是关系代词who引导的定语从句，who作主语，be going to“打算”，let the matter drop翻译为“停止追究；罢休”，介词短语without explanation翻译为“没有解释”，故定语从句译为“他不会不解释就把这件事放过的”。故翻译为：她叹了口气，沮丧地在空中挥舞着双手，然后回到楼梯上，后面跟着布鲁诺，他不会不解释就把这件事放过的。
第四节 回答问题。(共1小题;满分3分)
In literature the point of view refers to the person telling the story. It can be narrated by a character in the book or by the author. Sometimes even though the book is narrated by the author, it focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character. Who is telling the story On whose thoughts and feelings does the narration focus Why does the author choose this point of view
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