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2024届 九年级英语 中考一轮复习【语法专题】
现在完成时和过去完成时 知识点考点总结（讲义）
九年级英语教研室 整理
现在完成时
现在完成时态是中学阶段一个学习的难点和重点，相对来说比较难的一个语法点。
它涉及到对这个时态意义的充分理解和正确应用，连用的标志词也比较多，还有延续性动词和非延续性动词，在过去时和完成时之间的相互转换应用，以及have been to /gone to区别。
一，现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的基本结构:
助动词have/ has+动词的过去分词(pp)
肯定句:
I have seen the film.
我已经看过这部电影了.
否定句:
I haven't seen the film.
我没有看过这部电影。
疑问句:
Have you seen the film
Yes，I have.
No， I haven't.
你看过这部电影了吗？
是的，我看过了。
不，我没看过。
二，现在完成时的用法及时间标志
①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一个动作，对现在造成的影响。
常用的时间标志有:already， just ，yet ，before， so far， recently， ever， never，until now，in the past five years等
She has already cleaned her bedroom.
她已经打扫过她的卧室了。
She hasn't cleaned her bedroom yet.
她还没打扫她的卧室呢。
Have you decided yet
你已经决定了吗？
注意: already常用在肯定句中，意为“已经”，yet用在一般疑问句和否定句末。
在一般疑问中，意为“已经”
在否定句中，意为“还”。
She has just come back from Paris.
她刚从巴黎回来。
She has written three books so far.
到目前为止，她已经写了三本书了。
Have we met before
我们以前见过面吗？
How have you been recently
你最近怎么样？
② 有些动词的现在完成时表示可以从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，还有可能会继续下去的动作和状态，常和表一段时间的状语连用。
常用的标志词有: for+一段时间，since+时间点，since+从句
I have lived in Xinjiang for twenty years.=
I have lived in Xinjiang since twenty years ago.
我在新疆20年了。
She has lived here since she was born.
自从出生以来，她就住在这里。
下面重点来说完成时态中常见短暂性动词，与之对应的延续性动词的用法。
borrow ——keep 借
begin ——be on 开始
buy ——have 买
become—— be 成为
die—— be dead 死亡
come/ arrive—— be in 到来
close ——be closed 结束
leave—— be away 离开
open—— be open 打开
finish—— be over 结束
marry—— be married 结婚
join ——be in /be a member of 参加
所有例词，左边为非延续性动词，右边为延续性动词，左边用在过去时，右边用在完成时。
具体请看:
他借用我的词典已经一周了。
He has kept my dictionary for a week.
He borrowed my dictionary a week ago.
两句句意相同，前一句是完成时用keep，后面一句是过去式，需用borrow
再看一例:
他两年前参军。
he joined the army two years ago.=
He has been in the army for two years.
注意，非延续性动词不能和段时间连用。不过在否定句中非延续性动词可以一段时间连用。
I haven't seen him for a long time.
我好久没见他了。

再来几例:
他们结婚十年了。=
他们十年前结的婚。
They have been married for ten years.=
They got married ten years ago.
我离开这所学校已经八年了。
I have been away from this school for eight years.=
我八年前离开了这所学校。
I left this school eight years ago.
我买这个手机三年了。
I've had the phone for three years.
I bought the phone three years ago.
我来新疆20年了。
I have been in Xinjiang for twenty years.
I came to Xinjiang twenty years ago.
从以上多个例句，我们可以看出，过去时和完成时表达的汉语意思差不多，但当我们用过去时，动词要用非延续性动词并和过去时间点连用。
用完成时需要和段时间连用，时间状语标志词常为:for+时间段或since+时间点。
动词需要转换成延续性动词喔。
过去完成时
过去完成时的构成:
过去完成时是由had+动词的过去分词【done】构成
过去完成时的用法及时间标志:
过去完成时表示，过去某一时间和动作之前已发生或完成的动作和状态。
常用的标志词有: before，after，by the end of短语和when引导的时间状语从句。
还有和for和since引导的段时间连用。
请看以下例句:
1. When I arrived at the party, everyone had already left.
当我到达派对时，每个人都已经离开了。
2. The meeting had been on for ten minutes when I got there.
当我到那，会议已经开始十分钟了。
3. She realized she had forgotten her phone after she had already left the house.
她离开房子之后，才意识到自己忘带手机了。
4. By the end of last term， we had learned ten English songs.
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了十首英文歌。
5. She had taught in that school for ten years before she came to our school.
她来到我们学校之前，在那所学校已经教学十年了。
6. I had read the book before I saw the film .
看这部电影前，我已经看过书了。
7. After they had arrived at the airport, they realized they had left their passports at home.
他们到达机场后才意识到把护照忘在家里了。
二，用于宾语从句中，主句的谓语一般用过去时，从句用过去完成时，从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
①He said that he had lived in town for ten years.
他说他在镇上已经住了十年了。
② She said that she had been to Japan twice.
她说她去过日本两次。
③ Sam found the pen that he had lost.
山姆找到了他丢失的那只钢笔。
④Lucy said she had never seen such a nice picture.
Lucy说她从来没有看到过这么漂亮的画。
⑤He said that he had got a new car already.
他说他已经买了一辆新车了。
三，表示愿望和打算的动词如:want ，hope， think ，expect， plan， intend等的过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望和意图。
① I had thought they would come tomorrow.
我原以为他们明天才来呢。
② By the time he got back to the office, his colleagues had already finished the project, which he had expected to be incomplete.
当他回到办公室时，他的同事已经完成了那个项目，而他原本预期它还没有完成。
③ She had planned on getting up early, but she overslept and missed her flight.
她原计划提早起床，但她睡过头了，错过了她的航班。
④ By the time we arrived at the restaurant, we realized we had forgotten to make a reservation, which we had thought we had done earlier.
当我们到达餐厅时，我们意识到自己忘记了预订，而我们之前以为自己已经做了预订。

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