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2024年初中英语语法考试复习之定语从句10 大考点
1.定语从句的定义是:定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的句子，通常由关系代词who、whom、whose、which或关系副词when、where、why等引导。在英语中，定语从句可以用来进一步描述名词或代词，使其更具体、详细或明确。例如:
The book that I read last week was very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)(定语从句“that I read last week”修饰book)
The man whose car you borrowed is very grateful.(你借给他车的那个男人非常感激。)(定语从句“whose car you borrowed”修饰man)
需要注意的是，关系代词who、whom、whose、which和that都可以引导定语从句，但在不同的语境中有不同的用法。同时，关系副词when、where、why也可以引导定语从句，用于表示时间、地点或原因。
2.定语从句分为形容词性定语从句和名词性定语从句。其中，形容词性定语从句修饰名词或代词，而名词性定语从句则修饰其他名词或代词。例如:
形容词性定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，通常由关系代词who、whose、which和that引导。例如:
The book that I read last week was very interesting. (形容词性定语从句)
The man who I saw yesterday was my old friend. (形容词性定语从句)
The house whose garden we saw last week is very beautiful. (形容词性定语从句)
需要注意的是，形容词性定语从句通常放在所修饰的词之前，也可以放在所修饰的词之后。
名词性定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，通常由关系代词who、whose、which和that引导。例如:
The book that I read last week was very interesting. (名词性定语从句)
The man who I saw yesterday was my old friend. (名词性定语从句)
The house whose garden we saw last week is very beautiful. (名词性定语从句)
需要注意的是，名词性定语从句通常放在所修饰的词之前，也可以放在所修饰的词之后。
关系代词的用法:关系代词who、whom、whose、which和that都可以引导定语从句，但在不同的语境中有不同的用法。
关系代词在定语从句中有不同的用法。以下是它们的常见用法:
who:引导限制性定语从句，用于指代人。例如:
She is the person who I saw yesterday. (限制性定语从句)
需要注意的是，who可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
The person who I saw yesterday was my old friend. (非限制性定语从句)
whom:引导限制性定语从句，用于指代人。例如:
I saw her yesterday. (限制性定语从句)
需要注意的是，whom可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
The person whom I saw yesterday was my old friend. (非限制性定语从句)
whose:引导所有格定语从句，用于修饰名词。例如:
This is the house whose garden we saw last week. (所有格定语从句)
需要注意的是，whose可以引导所有格定语从句，也可以引导形容词性定语从句。例如:
The house whose garden we saw last week is very beautiful. (形容词性定语从句)
which:引导限制性定语从句，用于指代物。例如:
The book which I read last week was very interesting. (限制性定语从句)
需要注意的是，which可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
The book which I read last week is very interesting. (非限制性定语从句)
that:引导限制性定语从句，用于指代已经提到的人或物。例如:
The book that I read last week was very interesting. (限制性定语从句)
需要注意的是，that可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
The book that I read last week is very interesting. (非限制性定语从句)
4.关系副词的用法:关系副词when、where、why可以引导定语从句，用于表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词在定语从句中有不同的用法。以下是它们的常见用法:
when:引导时间状语从句，用于表示时间。例如:
I will see her again when she comes back next week. (时间状语从句)
需要注意的是，when可以引导时间状语从句，也可以引导其他类型的从句，如原因状语从句、条件状语从句等。例如:
I will see her again when she comes back next week because she is my old friend. (原因状语从句)
I will see her again when she comes back next week if it's not too late. (条件状语从句)
where:引导地点状语从句，用于表示地点。例如:
We will meet at the park where we saw the beautiful sunset last week. (地点状语从句)
需要注意的是，where可以引导地点状语从句，也可以引导其他类型的从句，如原因状语从句、条件状语从句等。例如:
We will meet at the park where we saw the beautiful sunset last week because it's a nice place to relax. (原因状语从句)
We will meet at the park where we saw the beautiful sunset last week if it's not too far away. (条件状语从句
why:引导原因状语从句，用于表示原因。例如:
I don't like that movie because it's too violent. (原因状语从句)
需要注意的是，why可以引导原因状语从句，也可以引导其他类型的从句，如条件状语从句、结果状语从句等。例如:
I don't like that movie because it's too violent, but I will still watch it anyway. (结果状语从句)
I don't like that movie because it's too violent, so I will go watch a different one. (条件状语从句)
5.定语从句的位置:定语从句通常位于所修饰的词之前或之后，也可以位于句子中间。定语从句通常位于所修饰的词之前或之后，也可以位于句子中间。例如:
The book that I read last week was very interesting. (定语从句在所修饰的词之前)
The man who I saw yesterday was my old friend. (定语从句在所修饰的词之后)
The house whose garden we saw last week is very beautiful. (定语从句在句子中间)
6.非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的句子，但没有限制性，可以在句子中任意位置出现。例如:
The book that I read last week was very interesting. (非限制性定语从句)
The man who I saw yesterday was my old friend. (非限制性定语从句)
The house whose garden we saw last week is very beautiful. (非限制性定语从句)
7.限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的句子，有限制性，必须在所修饰的词前出现。例如:
The book, which I read last week, was very interesting. (限制性定语从句)
The man, whom I saw yesterday, was my old friend. (限制性定语从句)
The house, whose garden we saw last week, is very beautiful. (限制性定语从句)
8.定语从句的省略:在某些情况下，定语从句可以省略引导词，例如:
The book, which I read last week, was very interesting. (省略了关系代词 which)
The man, whom I saw yesterday, was my old friend. (省略了关系代词 whom)
The house, whose garden we saw last week, is very beautiful. (省略了关系代词 whose)
需要注意的是，如果省略了
9.定语从句的否定通常由not或双重否定构成。例如:
The book, which I read last week, was not very interesting. (使用了not)
The man, whom I saw yesterday, was not my old friend. (使用了not)
The house, whose garden we saw last week, is not very beautiful. (使用了双重否定)
10.定语从句可以嵌套使用，形成复杂的定语从句结构。例如:
The book, which I read last week, that was very interesting, I will keep for a while. (使用了嵌套的定语从句)
The man, whom I saw yesterday, that was my old friend, I will never forget. (使用了嵌套的定语从句)
The house, whose garden we saw last week, that was very beautiful, I will always remember. (使用了嵌套的定语从句)

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