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2024年初中英语语法专项学习之动词+-ing
“动词+-ing”形式做主语
　　动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。例如：Listening to music is my sister’s hobby. 听音乐是我姐姐的爱好。Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃的太多对你的身体没有好处。
动词-ing形式是一种非谓语形式，其可以在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的多种成分。
动词ing形式做主语思维导图英语
1.动词-ing形式的用法
1）作主语。比如：
Beinga middle school teacher is fun.
当一名中学老师是一大乐趣。
Doing is not so easy as saying.
做不像说那么容易。
Flying in the sky is great fun.
在空中飞行很好玩。
Sing is better than saying.
唱比说好听。
Walking in the water is great interesting.
在水中走很有趣。
说明：
动词-ing形式作主语时（特别是较长时），经常可以换用形式主语的句式：
It is no use shouting hysterically.
歇斯底里叫没有用。
It is no good crying over spilt milk.
牛奶泼掉了哭也没用。
It was good meeting you here.
在这碰到你真好。
英语作业
一、选择填空。
1. When you are being interviewed, youmust have good manners. You know just how important it is ___ a good impression.
A. giving B. togive
C. give D.if give
2. I spent my last week in Rome ___the teachers of the Art College and ___ pictures with them.
A. visited, took B. to visit, take
C. visiting, to take D. visiting,taking
参考答案：
1-2: BD
二、分析句子的语法结构，并译成中文。
The US secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, has arrived in Saudi Arabia for crisis talks with King Salman, as reports emerged that the kingdom was poised to acknowledge that the missing Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi died inside a diplomatic building in Istanbul.【The Guardian】
动词ing形式作宾语的用法
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的三类重要考点
考点一：考查介词后接动词时所用形式
【考题实例】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___61___ (be) late for school.
【考点分析】本句答案为being。因为空格前的 about 为介词，根据英语语法的要求，当介词后面接一个动词作宾语时，这个动词通常要用-ing形式（即传统语法中的动名词形式）。又如：
I’m very nervous about taking that exam. 参加那个考试我很紧张。
She rested for two weeks after being in the hospital. 出院后，她休息了两周。
Save the document to disk before closing it. 关闭文件前把它保存到磁盘上。
He ran ten kilometres without stopping. 他一路不停跑了10公里。
【特别提醒】表示“除……之外”的介词but和except是例外，当它后面接动词作宾语时，该动词通常用不定式（不定式是否带to与其前是否有动词do有关：有do则通常不带to，没有do则通常带to）。如：
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。
She had nothing to do except spend money. 她除了花钱更无所事事。
考点二：考查习惯上只接动词-ing形式作宾语的用法
【考题实例】Still, the boy kept ___67___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
【考点分析】本题答案填 riding。在英语中，当一个动词后面接另一个动词作宾语时，用作宾语的动词有时要用不定式，有时要用动词的-ing形式，而本句中的 keep 则是一个只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词。
【相关归纳】习惯上只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词主要有： acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, include, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, prohibit, propose, put off, recall, recollect, recommend, repent, report, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest, understand, witness等。
考点三：考查动词-ing形式与不定式的用法区别
【考题实例】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___66___ (stop) until we reached the next stop.
【考点分析】本题答案填 to stop。在高考中动词-ing形式的用法总与不定式的用法有着千丝万缕的联系。正如有些动词后接另一动词作宾语习惯上要用-ing形式一样，还有一些动词则习惯上要接不定式作宾语，本题的 refuse 就是其中之一。高考阅卷的统计数据表明，做题本题的答卷中，90%以上的考生是错填了动词的-ing形式（stopping）。
【相关归纳】习惯上只接不定式作宾语的动词主要有：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, wish等。
系动词是什么
系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明：
有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
Food goes bad in summer.
He went to school at six.
1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand，例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。
3）表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look，例如：
He looks tired.他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。
跟“动词+-ing”形式做宾语的动词和动词短语
⑴enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
⑵finish doing sth.完成做某事
⑶keep (sb.) doing sth.（让某人）一直做某事
⑷stop doing sth.停止做某事
⑸go on doing sth.继续做某事
⑹be busy doing sth.忙着做某事
⑺like doing sth.喜欢做某事
⑻hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正做某事
⑼see sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事
⑽find sb. doing sth.发现某人正做某事
⑾watch sb. doing sth.观看某人正做某事
⑿feel sb. doing sth.感到某人正做某事
⒀spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费钱/时间做某事
⒁go doing sth.去做某事
【牛刀小试】
Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times (1)________ most of us enjoy (2)________ (eat) sweets and ice-cream, they are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite. It’s (3)________ (importance) for us to eat our meal at regular time each day. When we feel (4)________ (worry) or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges often decided (5)________ a man was telling the truth by (6)________ (give) him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow the bread, it (7)________ (mean) that he wasn’t telling (8)________ truth. Though this seems strange and (9)________ (fool), they thought it was a good way of finding out truth. A man who is worried about something has difficulty in (10)________ (swallow) anything dry because he loses his appetite.
【参考答案】1. when 2. eating 3. important 4. worried 5. if / whether 6. giving 7. meant 8. the 9. foolish 10. swallowing

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