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高一英语上学期期中专项突破—阅读理解 （新高考全国Ⅰ卷）（含解析）
（2022秋·河北石家庄·高一河北新乐市第一中学校考期中）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush (灌木丛) in the Amazon may have more kinds of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the Earth—storing large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) and producing a huge amount of the world’s oxygen (氧气) .Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy (树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps (缝隙) .The ground floor of the forest is not all leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually quite clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rain forests can create 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal—and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won’t keep you dry if there is a full rain storm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity (湿气) of large rainforests helps the formation of rain clouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Rainforests produce oxygen. B．Rainforests cover a large area.
C．Rainforests are well managed. D．Rainforests are rich in wildlife.
2．Which of the following helps most with the survival of rainforests
A．Heavy rains. B．Big trees. C．Small plants. D．Forest animals.
3．Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
A．For more sunlight. B．For more growing space.
C．For self-protection. D．For feeding the insects.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Life-giving Rainforests B．The Law of Nature
C．Animals in the Amazon D．Weather in Rainforests
（2022秋·河北石家庄·高一河北新乐市第一中学校考期中）Grace and her family thought they had lost Thor forever when they moved to Windsor, Nova Scotia from British Columbia last August.
“We probably spent seven or eight months looking for Thor,” Grace said. “What made it worse was that there were rumors(谣言) going around that there was dogfighting in our area. We still always hoped that somebody had taken him to be a pet, but you just never knew.”
“It was terrible. My daughter Bronwyn would try to find Thor everywhere, which had been a Christmas present for her. Even while watching TV programmes, she would say, ‘Oh, look! That dog looks like Thor!’” Grace said. Then the family moved, and the hope became impossible.
But one day, the phone rang. It was their former vet in British Columbia, saying Thor was in a rescue shelter(收容所) in High River, Alberta. He had been found at a work camp in the northern part of the place and taken to south by a man planning to keep him. But the man was forced to turn him over to the shelter when he couldn’t keep Thor in his rented home. Luckily, the ring on Thor’s neck gave people some information.
Thor was flown to Nova Scotia last week. The family picked him up at the airport. “Thor was just lying in his box and looking down, and my daughter walked over and said, ‘Hey Thor.’ He immediately stood up, trying to greet my daughter. We let him out and he jumped on her as if he was giving her a big hug and he kissed her face. Then he sat down suddenly at her feet and rolled over for attention. He was cute.” Grace said.
5．Who helped Thor back home
A．The author. B．Grace. C．The former vet. D．Bronwyn.
6．What do we know about Thor
A．He came back by air.
B．He was killed in the dogfighting.
C．He was given to Grace by Bronwyn.
D．He moved to British Columbia with the family.
7．How did Thor respond when seeing the family again
A．Anxious and shocked. B．Excited and joyful.
C．Confused and annoyed. D．Hopeful and calm.
8．Where can you probably read the passage
A．A travel brochure. B．A news report.
C．A geography text book. D．A health magazine.
（2022秋·河北石家庄·高一校考期中）If you are planning on travelling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.
First of all, always check and double—check departure (启程) time. It is amazing how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten, my secretary had got the ticket for me and I thoughts he had said that the plane left at 10:50. When I arrived at the airport, the clerk at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.
The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards, it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency (货币) with you when you arrive in a country. This can be necessary if you are flying to a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen! I only take real money!” the driver said angrily. Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel, but it was awkward.
The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suit and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.
9．Where is the writer most probably from
A．Italy. B．The USA． C．The UK. D．Greece.
10．According to the passage, the driver was angry because the writer________.
A．gave him false money B．did not give him the local money
C．offered to pay by credit card D．had no enough change
11．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The author tells people to choose warm places as their travel destinations.
B．You don’t have to take credit cards when travelling.
C．You should to check the departure time carefully.
D．You don’t need to know the weather of the place you’ll visit.
12．The writer mainly tells us________.
A．how to make life easier B．how to be well prepared for a trip
C．how to enjoy ourselves on trip D．how to plan our trip
（2022秋·福建福州·高一福建省连江第一中学校联考期中）For people suffering from depression (抑郁症), there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
13．Who are least likely to suffer from depression according to the passage
A．Those who have a family history of depression.
B．Those with genes related to depression.
C．Those who get more exercise.
D．Those with effective approaches.
14．What is the purpose of the text
A．To discuss a disease.
B．To introduce a method.
C．To analyze a genetic risk.
D．To explain a phenomenon.
15．What does the study show about depression
A．Physical activity betters medical treatment.
B．Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it.
C．Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same.
D．Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment.
16．How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A．By analyzing a mass of data.
B．By conducting genetic research.
C．By comparing various levels of activity.
D．By tracking the subjects for many years.
17．From which is the text probably taken
A．An ad. B．A news report.
C．A health magazine. D．A science book.
（2022秋·福建福州·高一福建省连江第一中学校联考期中）I am rather good at using maps. But I forgot the maps and here we were, late afternoon, last day of holiday, my daughter, my cousin and I, driving along a two-lane highway in Oregon. No other car in sight, and the sun had just gone down. Where was that sweet little village
It was supposed to be right along this river. We drove on, farther into the unknown river always at left as our guide. We kept passing farms and fields and now a few lights were coming out. In my head, I was doing a lot of self-criticism: Why didn’t we start earlier, bring the map and so on My cousin and I were both impatient and stressed. My daughter, at least, was happy in the back seat, texting a friend. I pulled up on the shoulder of the road to think.
Just the — Wow! Amazing! A new scene appeared. Where did it come from
Right there, out of nowhere: a magical misty landscape. Fields stretched in silent purple, with rows of tall trees, darkening in the dusk. I turned the car engine off. All was silent in the hot summer air. Beside us, a plum-covered river hardly moved between a border of trees, its dark lazy water reflecting the last light of day.
How breathtaking! Where had it been If I had seen even a bit of beauty while driving along, I could have stopped and taken a look. I had missed it all.
We miss a lot, almost everything, in fact, in our world. Our task-focused filters (过滤器) takes care of that, selecting only what we need. We need to get to work. Have some lunch. We see what we need to see, often for purposes of survival. Gregory Bateson, speaking of beauty, said the judgment is selection of a fact. In our daily lives, who or what is doing the selecting Can we make a change Can we see further
18．Which of the following might be the destination of the author’s driving
A．Her own home. B．A destination of her holiday.
C．A tourist attraction. D．Her cousin’s farm.
19．What made the author keep blaming himself in the beginning
A．That the holiday is unexpectedly tiring and boring.
B．That she hadn’t been well prepared got her cousin annoyed.
C．That there was no familiar river in sight.
D．That lack of full preparation made her lose her way.
20．Why did the author feel really amazed
A．Because her carelessness brought an unexpected pleasure.
B．Because she finally reached what she had intended.
C．Because the right route to her destination was close.
D．Because she discovered a tourist spot unknown to others.
21．Which word can best explain “reflecting” underlined in paragraph 4
A．Covering. B．Receiving.
C．Mirroring. D．Affecting.
22．What does the story intend to tell us
A．Stay calm even if trapped in trouble.
B．Slow down your pace and enjoy the beauty in life.
C．Keep positive because everything has a way out.
D．Adjust your plan for the purpose of pleasure.
（2022秋·福建厦门·高一翔安一中校考期中）Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, which doctors suggest we all should cut down on.
“It seems like every time I study an illness and search for the first cause, I find my way back to sugar,” says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million adults have diabetes (糖尿病) .Why “Sugar, we believe is one of the culprits, if not the major reason,” says Johnson.
Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the solution It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals(谷物) to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.
But there are those who are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier food like fruit Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.
23．What do scientists think of sugar
A．It benefits our health.
B．It is less addictive than drugs.
C．It causes us to become dependent on it
D．It should be taken under a doctor’s guidance.
24．What does the underlined word “culprits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Diseases. B．Poor diets.
C．Unknown things. D．Causes of a problem.
25．Why is it so hard to avoid sugar
A．We like it too much.
B．We cannot survive without it.
C．It gives us much n ceded energy.
D．It’s in so many foods and drinks.
26．What is the best title for the passage
A．Ways to Avoid Sugar
B．Our Addiction to Sugar
C．Illnesses Caused by Sugar
D．Good Sugar VS Bad Sugar
（2022秋·福建福州·高一福建省福州第二中学校考期中）Do you know the names of the people who live next door Chances are you live next to someone, but do you actually know them Sadly, the only time we do seem to hear about people’s neighbors is when things go wrong — hearing people say things like they have the bad neighbors! So, what does go wrong
When talking about famous feuds (宿仇) with people who live close, you only need to think of the Montagues and Capulets in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Thankfully, most real-life quarrels don’t go that far. These days, especially in cities, many people live in buildings. Our neighbors are all around us — so what problems can come from that
The first obvious cause of argument is noise pollution. Loud noise through the walls construction (施工), or people arguing next door can disturb the silence of your living space. Asking someone directly to turn the music down can cause you to feel anxious. However, if you get someone like a building manager to speak to your neighbors, it can make things more awkward because you didn’t speak to your neighbors directly.
And then what about smells If your neighbors like eating food with pungent (刺激的) smells, and the smells flow through your window, what can you do There are some other common problems, such as water running through the wall, pets making noise, and Jittering from the window above you. These can bring anger over time.
It’s not easy living next door to someone, especially if they’re noisy. But having a clear and honest conversation might help. Also, try thinking what you are doing could make your neighbors angry. If it’s something that would make you feel bad, maybe think again.
27．Why does the author mention Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in paragraph 2
A．To present a fact. B．To provide an example.
C．To explain a topic. D．To make a comparison.
28．What are you advised to do if a neighbor makes too much noise
A．Turn to the police. B．Talk to the neighbor directly.
C．Quarrel with the neighbor. D．Ask the building manager for help.
29．What can we infer about a neighbor’s pungent food smells
A．They provide you pleasure. B．They open your imagination.
C．They’re your neighbor’s favorites. D．They make you uncomfortable.
30．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How to make a neighbor happy. B．How to deal with a noisy neighbor.
C．How to communicate with a neighbor. D．How to get along well with a neighbor.
（2022秋·山东临沂·高一山东省临沂第一中学校考期中）When Katie Stagliano grew a 40-pound cabbage, she didn’t know that she was beginning to develop a dream as well. When the 10-year-old girl from Summerville, South Carolina realized how much cabbage was in her garden, she decided to donate it to needy families by working with Fields to Families, a nonprofit organization based in South Carolina that gives the hungry access to nutritious fruits and vegetables.
Katie’s cabbage fed nearly 300 people and inspired her to learn more about childhood hunger in the United States. On discovering that more than 12 million kids in the United States go to bed hungry each night, Katie decided to take action.
Her first task was to work together with her family to expand their own garden so that they could donate more vegetables to needy families. But beyond her own backyard, she wanted to teach other children how to get involved. To grow her idea, she started the planting of a garden at her school, which also donates its fresh produce to local food agencies. Through a generous donation from Fields to Families, Katie’s school is receiving seeds and volunteer help, and Katie will get the chance to work there with a master gardener as her teacher!
Katie also designed her very own “No Hungry Children” T-shirt, which is available for purchase online. A part of the proceeds from her T-shirt sales economically supports Katie’s efforts, as well as the work of Amazing Kids, a nonprofit organization that focuses on the dreams of kids like Katie.
“I think it is important to have something to strive for,” says Katie. “By planting a garden or just some seeds in a pot you can make a difference. My cabbage alone fed 275 people. If more kids did the same, we all could be helping to make a long-time dream of no hungry people possible.”
31．According to the passage, Fields to Families ________ .
A．works to feed hungry people B．grows fruits and vegetables
C．has fields in Summerville D．provides job opportunities for poor families
32．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Hunger is a problem most American children face.
B．Katie expanded her friends’ gardens to grow vegetables.
C．Katie will learn more about gardening at Fields to Families.
D．Amazing Kids helped Katie design the “No Hungry Children” T-shirt.
33．The underlined word “proceeds” in Paragraph 4 can be best replaced by “________”.
A．experiences B．profits
C．ideas D．friends
34．According to the last paragraph, Katie hopes that ________.
A．she can grow more cabbages in her garden
B．every child has something important in their lives
C．hungry people can have dreams like others
D．more children will plant vegetables to help the hungry
（2022秋·山东济南·高一校考期中）Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
35．Alfred’s business was _____.
A．making and selling explosives B．not making and selling weapons
C．making explosives and selling weapons D．making weapons and selling explosives
36．Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because _____.
A．he made enough money B．he hated war
C．he wanted to get more interest from the fund D．he liked to live in a peaceful world
37．Nobel Prizes come from _____.
A．all Nobel’s money in the fund B．all Nobel’s money in his company
C．all the interest from the fund D．some of the interest in the fund
38．Which statement of the following is Right according to the passage
A．Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.
B．Most of Nobel’s money was used for the world Wars.
C．Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D．Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.
（2022秋·山东青岛·高一山东省青岛第五十八中学校考期中）Parrots live extremely long partly due to their relatively large brains, an international team of researchers has discovered. Simeon Smeele, a doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, led the study, the results of which were published in March in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B．
When it comes to lifespan (寿命), birds truly stand out. Lifespan tends to increase with an animal’s body size, roughly speaking. Thus, the bigger the animal, the longer they live. But a bird tends to live much longer than a comparably-sized mammal (哺乳动物). One theory is that birds’ ability to fly means they are less at risk from the animals that kill them, which reduces their risk of being eaten, decreases stress, and frees up bodily resources for growth.
And among birds, parrots are the aging champions. The confirmed longest living bird was Cookie, a Major Mitchell’s cockatoo (a species of parrot), who lived at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois for all but one of his 83 years. Though cockatoos often weigh around a pound, they usually live for four decades. Most of the other 398 parrot species also live longer than other birds of similar size.
What sets parrots apart In the new research, Smeele and his colleagues gathered data on over 130,000 individual parrots held in more than 1,000 zoos, representing 217 species. Through this data, they created reliable estimates of the average lifespan for each species. They next searched for a link between each species’ lifespan and its relative brain size and found a clear, positive correspondence. Parrot species with larger brains relative to their body size lived longer than species with smaller brains.
“This supports the idea that in general larger brains make species more flexible and allow them to live longer,” Smeele said in a statement. “For example, if they run out of their favorite food, they could learn to find something new and thus survive.” He added, “All parrots have relatively large brain sizes compared to most other birds.”
Researchers have previously shown that, when trained, some parrots can recognize and understand objects, colors, and shapes, and even speak with an impressive vocabulary. They can even match five-year-old humans on basic tests of intelligence.
39．What may cause birds’ long life
A．Their big body size. B．Their ability to fly.
C．Their less adventurous nature. D．Their slow-paced lifestyle.
40．What do we know about parrots according to the text
A．They outlive other similar-sized birds.
B．They live longer in the zoo than in the wild.
C．They have an average lifespan of four decades.
D．They live in relatively less competitive environments.
41．What does the underlined word “correspondence” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Goal. B．Evidence. C．Difference D．Connection.
42．What does the author want to stress with the example in Paragraph5
A．Parrots find it hard to survive nowadays.
B．Bigger brains give parrots more adaptability(适应性).
C．Parrots like to discover new things by nature.
D．Bigger brains aid parrots with their social ability.
（2022秋·山东青岛·高一青岛二中校考期中）Researchers recently offered the most complete examination yet of the history of penguins. They said penguins came from a common ancestor shared with a group of seabirds like albatrosses. Penguins first developed the ability to dive, and then lost the ability to fly as they adapted to water.
The earliest-known penguin is called Waimanu manneringi, from New Zealand. It is believed to have lived 61 million years ago. Penguins live mainly in the southern hemisphere. The Galapagos penguin is the only one found north of the equator. Daniel Ksepka of the Bruce Museum in Greenwich, Connecticut, is the co-writer of the study that was published in Nature Communications. Ksepka noted that penguins are appealing animals. He added that they are interestingly charming creatures. Apart from their funny upright posture, they love, they fight, and they steal, making it really easy to imagine them having all the same motivations as people.
The study proposes that changes in world temperatures and in major ocean currents have been important drivers of penguin evolution. Theresa Cole is the study’s lead writer. Cole said the research found a number of genes likely involved in physical changes known as adaptations.
Such adaptations include gene transforms that shift the way penguins see the world. Penguins’ vision is more sensitive toward the blue end of the color spectrum(光谱). Blue light goes more deeply into the ocean than light at the red end of the spectrum. Genes that help birds detect salty and sour tastes are active in penguins. But genes that help detect bitter and sweet tastes become inactive. Those may no longer be needed as penguins find food in cold, salty water and usually swallow the whole fish. Penguins show changes in their wing ones and a reduction of their flight feathers. Penguins also have reduced air spaces in the bone and the ability to store more oxygen in their muscles for long dives.
43．What does the underlined word “hemisphere” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Deep ocean. B．Earth’s pole.
C．Half globe. D．Large land.
44．Which of the following makes people tend to imagine penguins sharing human’s inner desires
A．Penguins’ habitats. B．Penguins’ appearances.
C．Penguins’ characters. D．Penguins’ behaviors.
45．What mainly cause penguins to develop
A．Physical changes from gene transforms. B．Changes of geographical environment.
C．Interactions with human beings. D．Competitions with other animals.
46．What is presented in the last paragraph
A．How penguins survive by adaptions. B．Why penguins change their body.
C．How penguins are unique. D．What damages penguins’ genes.
（2022秋·广东东莞·高一东莞实验中学校考期中）Rainforests provide much of the world’s oxygen. People have been trying to protect them for years. But another type of forest, the cloud forest, is just as important to humans.
These forests are at the tops of mountains, generally near the equator (赤道). These wet, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American countries. They are called “cloud forests” because their height allows for the formation of clouds among the trees. The trees in these forests pull water out of the clouds. The water gathers on the leaves and falls into small rivers below, which flow into towns at the bottom of the mountain. The yearly rainfall in these areas is about 180 centimetres. Cloud forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that. The water is important to the plants and the people in the area. It helps them survive.
Cloud forests are also home to countless species of plants that can’t be found anywhere else. One small cloud forest has as many types of plants as there are in all of Europe. In fact, there are so many that scientists haven’t made a complete list of them yet.
These forests are being destroyed at an increasing speed. Trees are being cut down, and roads are being built in their place. Some people have a goal to get government money to protect the forests. But they have had little success so far. Another way is to take the place of the destroyed plants with new ones. That, too, has been difficult because the plants are so special. There’s plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still possible with creative solutions.
47．Where can you probably find cloud forests
A．In North America. B．Far from the equator.
C．In an African country. D．At the foot of mountains.
48．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Europe is short of plant types.
B．Scientists are working on a list.
C．Cloud forests are getting smaller.
D．Cloud forests house many plants.
49．What will be discussed in the following part of the text
A．Ways to protect cloud forests.
B．Goals of cloud forest protectors.
C．Difficulties in planting new trees.
D．Successes of getting wide support.
50．Where can we probably find the text
A．In a storybook. B．In a travel guide.
C．In a chemistry textbook. D．In a geography magazine.
（2022春·广东广州·高一校考期中）In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 , is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2, doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
51．What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making
A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B．The quality of the ice will be affected.
C．The ice surface will be more consistent.
D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
52．Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games
A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making.
B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C．CO2 is more environmentally friendly than Freon.
D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
53．What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making
A．Unclear. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
54．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming
B．Beneath Olympic Ice
C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games
D．The Structure of Ice
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。热带雨林是许多药用植物、食物、鸟类鸟禽猛兽的家园。文章主要介绍了热带雨林的概况和对地球生态系统的贡献。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. (热带雨林是丰富多样的药用植物、食物、鸟类和动物的家园。)”可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生生物，故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, dry heat from the sun and strong winds. (热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干、树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳和强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。)”可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. (科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。)”可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次，热带雨林就是地球的肺——它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%，而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”，故选A项。
5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一家人通过努力以及别人的帮助找回了去年丢失的狗的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But one day, the phone rang. It was their former vet in British Columbia, saying Thor was in a rescue shelter(收容所) in High River, Alberta. (但是有一天，电话响了。这是他们在不列颠哥伦比亚省的前兽医打来的，说Thor在阿尔伯塔省高河的一个救援收容所。)”可知，是以前的兽医看到了Thor，给Thor的家人打电话，帮助Thor回家。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thor was flown to Nova Scotia last week. The family picked him up at the airport. (Thor上周飞往新斯科舍省。家人到机场去接他。)”可知，Thor是乘坐飞机回来的。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He immediately stood up, trying to greet my daughter. We let him out and he jumped on her as if he was giving her a big hug and he kissed her face. Then he sat down suddenly at her feet and rolled over for attention. (他立刻站了起来，想跟我女儿打招呼。我们让他出来，他跳到她身上，好像要给她一个大大的拥抱，他吻了她的脸。然后他突然在她脚边坐了下来，翻了个身来引起她的注意。)”可知，当看到家人时，Thor是非常兴奋和开心的。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“Grace and her family thought they had lost Thor forever when they moved to Windsor, Nova Scotia from British Columbia last August. (去年8月，当Grace和她的家人从不列颠哥伦比亚省搬到新斯科舍省的温莎时，他们以为他们永远失去了Thor。)”等内容可知，文章主要讲述了一家人通过努力以及别人的帮助找回了去年丢失的狗的故事，由此可推断出，这应该是一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者就外出旅行给读者提了三点建议。第一点是再三确认出发时间；第二点是随身带一些当地的货币；第三点是充分了解当地的天气情况。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead.(到我的旅馆的唯一办法是坐出租车，因为我没有美元，我提出用英镑付款)”可知，作者没有带美元，想用英镑付打车的费用，由此可知，作者可能来自英国。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen! I only take real money!” the driver said angrily. Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel, but it was awkward.(去酒店的唯一途径是打车，因为我没有美元，所以我提出用英镑支付。“听着！我只要真正的钱！”司机愤怒地说。幸运的是，我能从酒店的一位职员那里借到几美元，但这很尴尬)”可知，司机生气是因为作者没有用美元支付，即没有用当地的钱。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段的“First of all, always check and double—check departure (启程) time.(首先，总是检查并仔细检查出发时间)”可知，我们应该仔细检查出发时间。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“If you are planning on travelling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.(如果你计划去旅行，这里有一些简单的规则可以让你在旅行前后更轻松)”和后面几段提出的具体规则可知，作者就如何为旅行做好准备提供了三条建议。故选B。
13．C 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的研究表明，运动可以减少和预防人们患抑郁症的可能性，甚至是有遗传风险的人。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“For people suffering from depression (抑郁症), there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows. (对于患有抑郁症的人来说，他们应该使用一种纯天然的治疗方法——多运动。新的研究表明，即使人们有遗传风险，它也可以帮助对抗抑郁症)”可知，运动可以帮助人们对抗抑郁症，因此运动多的人患抑郁症的可能性最小。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合第一段中的“For people suffering from depression (抑郁症), there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. (对于患有抑郁症的人来说，他们应该使用一种纯天然的治疗方法——多运动)”可知，文章主要围绕一项新的研究展开，该研究发现运动可以帮助人们对抗抑郁症。因此，文章的目的在于介绍一个治疗抑郁症的方法——运动。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes. (平均而言，每天大约35分钟的额外体育活动可以帮助人们降低患抑郁症的风险，并预防未来的抑郁症发作)”可知，该研究显示运动能够减少和预防抑郁症。故选B项。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. (在这项研究中，研究人员收集了近8000人的信息，在对他们进行检查后发现，拥有相关基因的人在未来两年内患抑郁症的可能性更大)”可知，研究人员通过收集和分析大量的数据得出结论。故选A项。
17．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一项新的针对抑郁症和运动之间关系的研究展开，该研究发现运动可以减少和预防人们患抑郁症的可能性，甚至是有遗传风险的人。文章的主题是医疗健康，因此有可能出自健康杂志。故选C项。
18．A 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者由于粗心没有做好充足的准备导致迷路，这使得她和家人们遇到了美丽的风景，给她们带来了意想不到的快乐。作者由此感悟，我们在生活中不仅仅是要为了生存去完成生活中的各种任务，还应当放慢脚步，来欣赏生活中的美。
18．推理判断题。根据第一段“I am rather good at using maps. But I forgot the maps and here we were, late afternoon, last day of holiday, my daughter, my cousin and I, driving along a two-lane highway in Oregon.(我很擅长使用地图。但我忘了带地图，于是我们就在这里，在假期的最后一天，下午晚些时候，我女儿、我表妹和我，沿着俄勒冈州的一条双车道公路行驶)”可知，这是作者她们假期的最后一天。由此推知，此时她们在返程，所以作者的目的地是她自己的家。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段“In my head, I was doing a lot of self-criticism: Why didn’t we start earlier, bring the map and so on (在我的脑海里，我做了很多自我批评：为什么我们不早点开始，带上地图等等？)”可知，缺乏充分的准备使她们迷路了，这使作者在开始时一直责备自己。故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段“Just the — Wow! Amazing! A new scene appeared. Where did it come from (哇！神奇的！新的景象出现了。它是从哪里来的？)”可知，作者由于粗心没有做好充分准备导致迷路，而这个时候却遇到了令人惊奇的美丽风景。由此可知，作者感到非常惊讶，因为她的粗心带来了意想不到的快乐。故选A。
21．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“its dark lazy water(它那幽暗慵懒的河水)”和下文“the last light of day(白天最后的光线)”及常识可知，河水会反射光线。由此可知，划线词reflecting与mirroring“反射”意思一致。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第五段“How breathtaking! Where had it been If I had seen even a bit of beauty while driving along, I could have stopped and taken a look. I had missed it all.(多么激动人心啊！它在哪里？如果我在开车的时候看到这种美景，我就会停下来看一看。我错过了这一切)”可知，作者此时的感悟是我们应当放慢脚步来欣赏沿途的风景；再根据最后一段“We miss a lot, almost everything, in fact, in our world. Our task-focused filters (过滤器) takes care of that, selecting only what we need. We need to get to work. Have some lunch. We see what we need to see, often for purposes of survival.(我们错过了很多，事实上，在我们的世界里，我们几乎错过了一切。我们的以任务为中心的过滤器负责这一点，只选择我们需要的东西。我们需要去工作。吃一些午餐。我们看到我们需要看到的，通常是为了生存)”可知，我们在生活中所做的事情大多是为了生存，而错过了很多生活中的美好。由此推知，本文想告诉我们：放慢脚步，去欣赏生活中的美。故选B。
23．C 24．D 25．D 26．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对糖上瘾以及戒不掉糖的原因，以及吃糖的危害。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good. Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more. All tasty foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect. In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, which doctors suggest we all should cut down on.(许多科学家认为，我们对糖的喜爱实际上可能是一种上瘾。当我们吃或喝含糖食物时，糖会进入我们的血液，影响我们大脑中让我们感觉良好的部分。然后这种美好的感觉消失了，让我们想要更多。所有美味的食物都有这种作用，但糖的作用尤其强烈。这样看来，它实际上是一种令人上瘾的药物，医生建议我们都应该减少使用)”可知，科学家认为糖使我们变得依赖它。故选C项。
24．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段，“One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure and up to 347 million have diabetes. Why (全球有三分之一的成人有高血压，高达3. 47亿的人有糖尿病。为什么？)”可知，后文应该在说原因，糖是其中的一个原因，但并非主要原因。故划线词意思是“问题的原因”。故选D项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The trouble is, in today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals(谷物) to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.(问题是，在当今世界，这是极其难以避免的。从早餐麦片到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地充斥着它)”可知，难以避免糖的原因是绝大多数的食物里面都含有糖，故选D项。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. (许多科学家认为，我们对糖的喜爱实际上可能是一种上瘾)”以及全文可知，文章介绍了人们对糖上瘾的问题，所以B项“Our Addiction to Sugar(我们对糖的依赖)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
27．B 28．B 29．D 30．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一些邻里之间发生争吵的原因以及建议。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段“When talking about famous feuds (宿仇) with people who live close, you only need to think of the Montagues and Capulets in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Thankfully, most real-life quarrels don’t go that far. These days, especially in cities, many people live in buildings. Our neighbors are all around us — so what problems can come from that (当谈到与住得很近的人的著名不和时，你只需要想想莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的蒙太古和凯普莱特。值得庆幸的是，大多数现实生活中的争吵都不会走到那一步。如今，尤其是在城市里，许多人住在大楼里。我们的邻居都在我们周围——那么这会产生什么问题呢？)”可推知，作者在第二段提到莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是为了提供一个邻里之间相处不和睦的例子。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, if you get someone like a building manager to speak to your neighbors, It can make things more awkward because you didn’t speak to your neighbors directly.(然而，如果你让建筑管理员这样的人和你的邻居说话，这可能会让事情变得更尴尬，因为你没有直接和邻居说话)”可知，如果邻居太吵闹，你应该直接和邻居说。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And then what about smells If your neighbors like eating food with pungent (刺激的) smells, and the smells flow through your window, what can you do There are some other common problems, such as water running through the wall, pets making noise, and Jittering from the window above you. These can bring anger over time.(那么气味呢？如果你的邻居喜欢吃有刺鼻气味的食物，而气味又从你的窗户飘进来，你该怎么办？还有其他一些常见的问题，比如水从墙上流进来，宠物发出噪音，从你上面的窗户发出抖动。随着时间的推移，这些会带来愤怒)”可推知，邻居刺鼻的食物气味让你不舒服。故选D。
30．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It’s not easy living next door to someone, especially if they’re noisy. But having a clear and honest conversation might help. Also, try thinking what you are doing could make your neighbors angry. If it’s something that would make you feel bad, maybe think again.(住在别人隔壁并不容易，尤其是当他们很吵的时候。但进行一次清晰而诚实的对话可能会有所帮助。此外，试着想想你正在做的事情可能会让你的邻居生气。如果这是让你感觉不好的事情，也许再考虑一下)”可知，最后一段主要讲如何与邻居和睦相处。故选D。
31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个来自南卡罗来纳州萨默维尔的10岁女孩意识到她的菜园里有很多卷心菜时，她决定与非营利组织Fields to families合作，把这些卷心菜捐给贫困家庭，她还希望更多的孩子参与进来，以实现消除饥饿的长期梦想。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“a nonprofit organization based in South Carolina that gives the hungry access to nutritious fruits and vegetables.（Fields to families是一个位于南卡罗来纳州的非营利组织，该组织为饥饿的人提供营养丰富的水果和蔬菜。）”可知，Fields to families为饥饿的人提供食物。故选A项。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Through a generous donation from Fields to Families, Katie’s school is receiving seeds and volunteer help, and Katie will get the chance to work there with a master gardener as her teacher!（通过Fields to Families的慷慨捐赠，凯蒂的学校得到了种子和志愿者的帮助，凯蒂将有机会在那里与一位作为她老师的园艺大师一起工作！）”可知，凯蒂将在Fields to Families学习更多园艺知识。故选C项。
33．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“which is available for purchase online”（可以在网上购买）以及“from her T-shirt sales economically supports Katie’s efforts”（用于资助凯蒂的努力）故可推测，proceeds一词为“销售额，利润”的意思，结合选项B：profits“利润”意思一致。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If more kids did the same, we all could be helping to make a long-time dream of no hungry people possible.（如果更多的孩子这样做，我们都可以帮助实现一个没有饥饿人口的长期梦想。）”可知，凯蒂希望更多的孩子种植蔬菜来帮助饥饿的人。故选D项。
35．A 36．B 37．C 38．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是诺贝尔奖设立的由来。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons.(他的生意可能会让你大吃一惊。他制造并销售炸药。他的公司甚至制造和销售武器。)”可知，Alfred的生意是制造并贩卖炸药的。故选A项。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world.(虽然Alfred Nobel从武器中赚了很多钱，但他讨厌战争。他希望世界上不会有战争。)”以及“According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. (根据他的遗嘱，他的大部分钱都存入了一个基金。)”可知，Alfred Nobel赚了很多钱，但是他痛恨战争，所以在他去世后，按照他的遗愿，把他的大部分钱建立了一个基金，由此可知，他创立诺贝尔和平奖是因为他痛恨战争。故选B项。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.(他希望基金的利息每年都用作奖金。)”可知，Nobel Prizes的主要来源是他基金中的利息。故选C项。
38．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth.(他靠自己的努力赚了钱，但他把财富留给了世界。)”可知，Alfred Nobel努力工作并将所挣的钱全部留给了世界人民分享。故选D项。
39．B 40．A 41．D 42．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个国际研究小组发现，鹦鹉的寿命非常长，部分原因是它们的大脑相对较大。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及关于鹦鹉寿命长的发现。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段“One theory is that birds’ ability to fly means they are less at risk from the animals that kill them, which reduces their risk of being eaten, decreases stress, and frees up bodily resources for growth.(一种理论认为，鸟类的飞行能力意味着它们受到杀死它们的动物的威胁较小，这降低了它们被吃掉的风险，减轻了压力，并为生长释放了身体资源)”可知，飞行能力导致鸟类长寿。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of the other 398 parrot species also live longer than other birds of similar size.(其他398种鹦鹉中的大多数也比其他类似大小的鸟类寿命更长)”可知，鹦鹉比其他类似大小的鸟类寿命长。故选A。
41．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They next searched for a link between each species’ lifespan and its relative brain size and found a clear, positive”以及后文“Parrot species with larger brains relative to their body size lived longer than species with smaller brains.(与体型相比，大脑较大的鹦鹉比大脑较小的鹦鹉寿命更长)”可知，研究人员寻找每个物种的寿命与其相对大脑大小之间的联系，发现两者之间存在一个明确的、积极的对应联系，即“与体型相比，大脑较大的鹦鹉比大脑较小的鹦鹉寿命更长”。故划线词意思是“联系”。故选D。
42．推理判断题。根据第五段““This supports the idea that in general larger brains make species more flexible and allow them to live longer,” Smeele said in a statement. “For example, if they run out of their favorite food, they could learn to find something new and thus survive.” He added, “All parrots have relatively large brain sizes compared to most other birds.”(Smeele在一份声明中说：“这支持了一个观点，即一般来说，更大的大脑使物种更灵活，并使它们活得更长。”“例如，如果它们吃完了最喜欢的食物，它们可以学会寻找新的食物，从而生存下来。”他补充说：“与大多数其他鸟类相比，所有鹦鹉的大脑体积都相对较大。”)”可推知，作者想用第5段的例子强调大脑越大，鹦鹉的适应能力就越强。故选B。
43．C 44．D 45．B 46．A
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究者们对企鹅的起源及进化史所做的研究结果。
43．词义猜测题。根据下一句“The Galapagos penguin is the only one found north of the equator.”（加拉帕戈斯企鹅是唯一在赤道以北发现的企鹅。）可知，企鹅主要的居住地应该是赤道以南，即南半球；结合划线词所在句“Penguins live mainly in the southern hemisphere.”中的“mainly”和“southern”可知，该句应该表示“企鹅主要生活在南半球”，故“hemisphere”应表示“半球”，即half globe。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段“Apart from their funny upright posture, they love, they fight, and they steal, making it really easy to imagine them having all the same motivations as people.”（除了滑稽的直立姿势，它们爱，它们打架，它们偷窃，让我们很容易想象它们有和人类一样的动机。）可知，企鹅的这些行为使人们很容易想象它们有着和人类一样的内心欲望，即动机。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study proposes that changes in world temperatures and in major ocean currents have been important drivers of penguin evolution.”（该研究提出，世界温度和主要洋流的变化是企鹅进化的重要驱动力。）可知，气温、洋流等地理环境的改变，促使企鹅不断地进化、发展。故选B。
46．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Such adaptations include gene transforms that shift the way penguins see the world.”（这种适应包括改变企鹅看待世界的方式的基因转变。）、“Those may no longer be needed as penguins find food in cold, salty water and usually swallow the whole fish.”（这些可能不再需要，因为企鹅在寒冷的咸水中寻找食物，通常会吞下整条鱼）、“Penguins show changes in their wing ones and a reduction of their flight feathers. ”（企鹅的翅膀会发生变化，飞行羽毛也会减少。）和“Penguins also have reduced air spaces in the bone and the ability to store more oxygen in their muscles for long dives.”（企鹅的骨骼中也有更少的空气空间，能够在肌肉中储存更多的氧气，以适应长时间的潜水。）可知，最后一段主要讲述了企鹅是如何通过适应环境的变化而改变自己，从而生存下来的。故选A。
47．C 48．D 49．A 50．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对人类重要的一种森林——云雾林。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These forests are at the tops of mountains, generally near the equator (赤道). These wet, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American countries. (这些云雾林位于山顶，通常靠近赤道。这些潮湿、树木繁茂的山顶主要分布在非洲、中美洲和南美洲国家)”可知，云雾森林通常位于靠近赤道，分布在非洲、中美和南美国家。故选C。
48．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Cloud forests are also home to countless species of plants that can’t be found anywhere else. One small cloud forest has as many types of plants as there are in all of Europe. In fact, there are so many that scientists haven’t made a complete list of them yet. (云雾林也是很多在别处看不到的植物的家园。一个云雾林的植物种类和整个欧洲的植物种类一样多。事实上，它们数量多到科学家们还没有列出它们的完整清单)”可知，本段主要介绍云雾林中的植物数量多且种类多样。故选D。
49．推理判断题。最后一段先描述了目前云雾林遭到严重破坏，但是根据最后一句“There’s plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still possible with creative solutions. (我们还有很多工作要做，但用创新式的解决方案去拯救云森林仍然是可能的)”可知，作者认为用创新性的办法是有机会拯救云雾林的，所以文章接下来会重点讨论保护云雾林的方法。故选A。
50．推理判断题。本篇文章介绍了云雾林的地理位置，对人类的奉献，及要采取措施保护云雾林。通篇反复强调关键词“云雾林”，这和地理息息相关。由此推知，本文很有可能出现在一本地理杂志中。故选D。
51．B 52．C 53．D 54．B
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，既要保证冰的纯净又要保证其环保。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.(这种杂质不适合于水结冰时形成的常规六边形结构。水越纯净，冰面越稳定。)”可知，这些杂质不适合水结冰时形成的规则的六边形结构。水越纯净，冰面就越坚固，即水中的杂质会使冰的质量受到影响。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly(作为大气中的一种元素，二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。尽管二氧化碳是一种温室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他合成制冷剂，冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用二氧化碳代替氟利昂作为制冷剂，将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。)”可知，二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利昂更环保。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way(我们认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式将北京2022年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。)” 可知，高博认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式将北京2022年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。由此可推断，高博对二氧化碳用于制冰持支持态度。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon”，a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.(2021年1月，北京冬奥会标志性场馆“冰丝带”的制冰工程竣工。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是北京冬奥会的冰及在制冰的原料和技术上的高标准，故Beneath Olympic Ice(奥运会冰的秘密)适合作本文的标题。故选B。
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