资源简介 初中英语基础知识汇总基础知识1 .字母:26 个字母的大小写: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母: A E I O U 12 个单元音:前元音:[i :][r]/e/[ ],中元音:[3:][ ],后元音:[D:][a][o:][u:][u][∧]双元音(8个)(1)合口双元音(5个) : [ai] [ei] [au] [au] [oi] (2)集中双元音(3个): [i ] [ e ] [ u ]二、10 种单词词性动词 v. 名词 n. 冠词 art. 副词 adv. 形容词 adj. 介词 prep. 数词 num. 感叹词 int. 连词 conj. 代词 pron.三、8 组人称代词疑问代词 I 我(主格) me 我(宾格) my 我的you 你(主格) you 你(宾格) your 你的she 她(主格) her 她(宾格) hers 她的he 他(主格) him 他(宾格) his 他的we 我们(主格) us 我们(宾格) our 我们的they 他们(主格) them 他们(宾格) their 他们的It 它(主格) it 它(宾格) its 它的that 那,那个 these 这些 those 那些四、20 个疑问代词疑问代词问什么 what 问原因 why 问哪里 where问哪个 which 问谁 who 问谁的 whose问颜色 what color 问几点 what time 问星期 what day问时候 when 问怎样 how 问年龄 how old问多大 how big 问多长 how long 问多久 how time问多少 how many 问价格 how much 问多高 how tall五、16种时态1.-般现在时do2.-般过去时did3.-般将来时will do4.过去将来时would do5.现在进行时be doing6.将来进行时will be doing7.现在完成时have/has done8.过去进行时was/were doing9.过去完成时had done10.将来完成时will have done11过去将来进行would be doing12.过去将来完成would have done13.现在完成进行have been doing14.过去完成进行had been doing15.将来完成进行时will have been doing16.过去将来完成进行时would have been doing六、常见英文缩写I am ---I' m That is--- that' s did not---didn' t Is not --- isn' t It is --it' scan not--- can' t What is ---what' s There is---there' s I will ---I' II are not--- aren' t You are--- you' re When is---when' s He is ---he's do not---don' t we will--we' II was not --- wasn' t We are--- we' reWho is--- who' s She is --- She' s does not--- doesn' t will not---won' twere not--- weren' t They are---they' re where is--- where' s七、8大被动语态①一般现在时 do/does am/is/are②-般将来时 will do will/shall be done③一般过去时 did was/were done④现在进行时 be doing am/is/are being doing⑤现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done⑥过去完成时 had done had been done⑦过去将来时 would do would be done⑧过去进行时 be doing was/were being done八、句子结构主+谓:S+V 主+谓+宾+宾补:S+V+O+C 主+谓+宾:S+V+O主+谓+宾宾:S+V+0+O 主+系+表:S+V+C 名词性从句九、8大时态标志词一般现在时1.always总是 2.usually通常 3.often经常 4.sometimes有时 5.never从不; 6.every day每天 7.every time每次 8.in the morning早上 9.once a week每周1次 10.three times a week每周三次 11.twice a month每月两次 12.hardly ever几乎不13.every Sunday每个周日 14.at night在晚上一般过去时1.ago以前 2.yesterday昨天 3.just now刚才 4.last time上次 5.last night昨晚 6.last year去年 7.last term上学期 8.last Monday周一 9.once曾经 10.once upon a time曾经 11.in+过去的时间过去某时12.in the early days在早期 13.the day before yesterday前天一般将来时1.tomorrow明天 2.the day after tomorrow后天 3.tomorrow night明晚 4.next time下次 5.next Friday下周五 6.next month'下个月 7.soon很快8.next term下学期 9.in+一段时间 多久之后 10.sooner or later迟早 11.at once立刻 12.by the end of+将来时间现在进行时1.now现在 2.look看 3.listen听 4.at this time此时5.at this moment此时 6.at present现在过去进行时1.at that time在那时 2.at that moment在那时 将来进行时1.tomorrow明天 4.the day after tomorrow后天 2.soon待会3.the week/ month/ year... 5.next week/month/ year/..下个周/月/明年现在完成时1.already已经 2.yet还 3.just刚才 4.never从不 5.ever曾经 6.before以前 7.up to now目前为止 8.so far目前为止 9.for+ 一段时间 10.since+过去某一时间过去完成时by+过去时间点 before +过去时间点 by the time到..时候为止 by then到那时候 up until+过去时间点 up until then直到那时 by last time最后一次 up until last time直到上次 by the end of last week到了上周末十、名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如: book-books,bag-bags ,cat - cats,bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es, 如: bus -buses, box- boxes, brush-brushes, watch- watches3.以”辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family- -families , strawberry - strawberries4.以“f或fe” 结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如: knife - knives5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse -mice, child-children, foot -feet, tooth-teeth.fish-fish .people-people, Chinese -Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice , tea(二)名词的格1.有生命的东西的名词所有格:(1)单数后加's,如: Lucy'sruler ; my father' s shirt(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加' 如:“his friends bags(3)不以S结尾的复数后加’s,如: children ' s shoesa)并列名词中,如果把' s加在最后一一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车b)要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加' sTom ' S and Mike ' s cars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车2、表示无生命东西的名词通常用"of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China十一、冠词:不定冠词,定冠词不定冠词a/an(泛指)an+元,a+辅,序词又一个①an+元音aeiou如:an umbrella,an hour, an honest boy (拼读时h不发音,o发元音)②a+辅音(除元音)如:a cat,a uniform, a university,a useful book, a one-way street 一条街 (o不发元音)③a/an+序数词:又一个如:I have a third apple . 我又吃了一个苹果.(表示一共吃三个)定冠词the(特指)一家人过中国节,宇宙日月星辰定冠词+形 容 词、分 词、姓 氏:“ 某 一 类人/家人”如:the rich富人,the wounded伤员,the Greens格林家中国传统节日如:the Dragon Boat Festival,the Spring Festival (Chines New Year)宇宙中独一无二的事物如:the sun,the earth,the moon,the sky,the world固定早中晚,手拉乐器,在80年西方固定搭配如:play the violn,in the morning,in the east,in the 1980s,on the shoulder黄河专属地,演奏得最好,世界第一名专有名词如:the West Lake,the Pacife Ocean,the Yellow River序数、形容词最高级如:the third,He is the talest.零冠词(泛指)人名抽身份,有其他限定人/地名、抽象名词、身份如:Mike、Shanghai、love、mum有其它限定词如:this book、each person学习餐球棋,在洋节12月星期5球/棋类,三餐,学科如:play football、play chess、eat dinner、learn English星期,月份,外国节日如:on Sunday、on October 1st、Children’s Day 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览