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2024年初中英语语法学习之介词用法大全
短语介词和介词短语的区别
　　⑴in与after：in ①指“在（说话时的一段时间）之后”，用于一般将来时。如：He will return home in two days. Jim said that he would go to the park in three hours. ②指“在（一段时间）以内”。如：This kind of building can be built in one month. after ①指“在（过去一段时间）以后”，用于一般过去时。如：Mother left the school after two hours. ②指“在（具体时间点）之后”，可用于一般将来时。如：I will go home after 5:00 in the afternoon.
　　⑵on, over与above：on “在（表面）上”，含有接触的意思。如：There is a book on the table. over ①“在……正上方”，反义词是under。如：There’s a bridge over the river. ②“覆盖在……上面”。如：There’s a piece of cloth over the table. above （泛指）“在……的上方”，反义词是below。如：Please put the picture above the fireplace.
　　⑶with, in, by与on：with“用（具体的事物）”。如：Please draw the picture with a pencil. in“用（语言或材料）”。如：Please write a letter in English. by ①用（某种方式）。如：Lin Feng made the baby stop crying by jumping like a monkey. ②乘（交通工具）。如：I often go to work by bus. on以（某种方式）。如：The Chinese people live on rice. I often go to school on foot.
　　⑷beside, except与but：besides“除……以外”，表示包括其后的成分。如：All of the students in Class 2 went to the park besides Li Lei. Now he is talking about it. except“除……以外”，表示不包括其后的成分。如：All of the students in Class 2 went to the park except Li Lei. He had to look after his sister. but“除……以外”，常用于不定代词之后。如：There is nothing but a card in the box.
　　⑸before, in front of与in/at the front of：before ①“在……以前”，表示时间。如：I know it’s on TV before Today’s News is broadcast. ②“在……前面”，表示位置、顺序。如：Before I got to bed, I’ll take a shower. in front of“在……(外部的)前面”,表示位置。如：Please stand in front of your classroom. in/at the front of “在……（内部的）前面”，表示位置。如：There is a desk in the front of the room.
　　⑹in, on与to表示方向：in+方向名词，“在……部”，指内部方位。如：Shanghai is in the east of China. on+方向名词，“在……边”，指相邻方位。如：Canada is on the north of America. to+方向名词，“在……面”，指分离方位。如：Japan is to the east of China.
　　⑺be made + of / from / by：be made of“由……做成/制成”，表示制成品中可看出原料。如：The desk is made of wood. be made from“由……做成/制成”，表示制成品中看不出原料。如：Paper is made from wood. be made by“由/被……制作”，后接动作的执行者。如：The desk was made by my father.
⑻be strict + with / in：be strict with对（某人）要求严格。如：My mother is strict with her students. be strict in对（某事）要求严格。如：My mother is strict in her work.
　　⑼be angry + with / at / about：be angry with/at对（某人）生气。如：Mrs. Black is angry with her son. be angry at/about对（某事）生气。如：What is Mrs. Black angry about
　　⑽be different + from / in：be different from与……不同。如：My uniform is different from Hon’s uniform. be different in在……方面不同。如：The shirts are different in colors.
　　⑾be good + for / to / for / at：be good for对……有好处。如：Walking after supper is good for your health. be good to / with对……友好。如：Jim is good to his classmates. Be good at 擅长……。如：Kate is good at English.
　　⑿be used + as / for / by：be used as被当作……使用。如：English is used as a second language in India. be used for被用来做……。如：The knife is used for cutting things. be used by被……使用。如：English is used widely by businessmen and travelers.
　　⒀介词 + way：in a way在某一方面。如：In a way, you are right, I think. in the/one’s way挡路，妨碍。如：Please don’t be in my way. in this way用这种方法。如：Rose worked out this math problem in this way. on the way在路上。如：On my way to school I found a wallet. by the way顺便说/问一下。如：By the way, where is the No.1 People’s Hospital
⒁介词 + end：in the end最后。如：John won the race in the end. at the end of“在……的尽头/末期”，可以指地点和时间。如：You’ll find the cinema at the end of the road. We’re going to have a test at the end of this month. by the end of“到……末为止；在……末之前”，一般用来指时间。如：We had learnt 2,000 English words by the end of last term.
介词的使用场合
　　⑴不能遗漏介词的场合：
①含介词的动词短语，如：Kate arrived in the city of Shanghai last night. ②含介词的动词短语在变为被动结构时，如：The old people must be spoken to politely. ③含介词的动词不定式短语作定语与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，如：The Shutes didn’t have a house to live in. ④句尾含介词的动词短语与句首主语、疑问词或宾语从句的引导词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，如：Who are you waiting for I don’t know what they are talking about. ⑤含介词的动词短语在接疑问代、副词+不定式或从句时，如：We’re talking about when to start. They were worried about how they would go home.
　　⑵不用介词的场合：
yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow等时间状语前，如：The twins didn’t go to school yesterday morning. ②在last, this, next, every, one, some, all等开头的时间状语前，如：Last night I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. ③在reach, see, circle等及物动词后，如：The teacher said that the earth circles the sun. ④在here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs等副词前，如：I saw Kate go downstairs just now.
常用介词的用法
　　⑴ at：①表示时间关系，表示“在具体时间或时间的某一点”，如：at seven thirty，at night，at this time ②表示位置关系，表示“在某一地点（小地方），在……旁边”，如： at home，at the end of the road，at the table ③表示方法、方式、途径，表示“以……速度，在……（状态）”，如：at school，at 60 kilometers an hour ④表示目的、对象、属性，表示“对着，向……（目标）；在……方面”，如：look at, laugh at，be surprised at
　　⑵ on：①表示时间关系，表示“在具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上”，如：on Saturday，on Sunday evening，on the morning of October 1st ②表示位置关系，表示“在……上面；在……方位；在……路上；在某地”，如： on the desk/wall，on the right/left，on the way to…，on the farm ③表示方法、方式、途径，表示“靠，以；处于……状态”，如：on duty，on business ④表示目的、对象、属性，表示“关于，在……方面”，如：spend…on…，work hard on…
　　⑶ in：①表示时间关系，表示“在世纪、年、月、周（大于一天的时间）；泛指一天的上午、下午和晚上；在……之后（表示将来）”，如： in 2003, in February, ，in a week，in the morning /evening/afternoon，in a few months ②表示位置关系，表示“在某一地点（大地方）；在……里面；在……方位”，如： in Beijing，in the pencil-box，in the east ③表示方法、方式、途径，表示“用某种语言；用某种材料；以某种方式；穿着……”，如：say…in English，write…in ink，in pairs, in groups，in this way，a boy in a white shirt ④表示目的、对象、属性，表示“在……方面，对……”，如：do well in，be interested in
　　⑷from：①表示时间关系，表示“从某一时间起”，如：last from…to… ②表示位置关系，表示“从某个地方，来自某地”，如： come from… ③表示方法、方式、途径，表示“由……做成/制成”，如：be made from ④表示目的、对象、属性，表示“与……， 对……”，如：be different from，stop…from…
　　⑸to：①表示时间关系，表示“到某一时间止；（几点）差……”，如：from eight to eleven，a quarter to nine ②表示位置关系，表示“向/往/到……”，如：go to school，on the way to school ③表示目的、对象、属性，表示“给予……，对于”，如：give…to…，pass…to…，speak to 。

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