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2024年初中英语语法学习之形容词、副词比较等级的用法
　　(1) 原级：①表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相等，基本句型是“as+形容词或副词原形+as”。如：I think swimming is as interesting as cycling. Tom runs as fast as Mike. ②表示甲在某一方面不及乙，基本句型是“not as/so+形容词或副词原形+as”。如：Amy is not as tall as Peter. She didn’t come as/so early as you.
　　(2) 比较级：①表示两者（人或事物）比较，两方中一方超过另一方，基本句型是“形容词或副词的比较级+than（在形容词、副词的比较级前，可以用much, a little/bit, far, even, any等来修饰）”。如：Sandy’s hair is longer than Millie’s hair. A car goes faster than a bike. ②表示本身的程度改变，不与其他事物相比，基本句型是“形容词或副词的比较级+形容词或副词的比较级或more and more+多音节形容词或副词”。如：The nights are getting shorter and shorter. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.
(3) 最高级：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）比较，其中某一方程度最高，基本句型是“the+形容词或副词的最高级+（名词）+表示比较范围的介词短语（in+集体名词或of+个体名词的复数）或从句”。如：He is the tallest boy in my class. Lin Tao jumped (the ) highest of the three. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
常见相似副词的区别
(1) hard与hardly：hard努力地；hardly几乎不。如：Jim is working hard on English. Mike hardly work at English.
(2) wide与widely：wide宽阔地；widely。如：The window is wide open. English is widely used in many countries.
(3) high与highly：high高高地；highly高度地。如：The plane is flying high in the sky. Mr. Brown spoke highly of Jim.
(4) near与nearly：near接近地；nearly几乎，差不多。如：Women’s Day is coming near. It’s nearly 10:00 o’clock in the evening.
说明：与形容词同形的副词一般表示实际、具体的意义；而-ly副词则表示抽象的意义。
ed形容词和ing形容词的区别和用法
　　(1)-ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物影响到人，意思一般是“使人（感到）……的”。如：interesting 有趣的；surprising使人惊讶的；pleasing使人愉快的；moving动人的；exciting令人激动的；tiring使人疲倦的
以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
ed形容词和ing形容词的区别和用法
　　(2)-ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人受到事物的影响，意思是“感到……的”，常用于“sb.+-ed形容词+介词”结构，有时也作定语用。如：interested感兴趣的；surprised感到惊讶的；pleased感到愉快的；moved受感动的；excited感到激动的；tired感到疲倦的
以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。
副词的类别与用法
英语中副词的用法和位置
　　(1) 时间副词：①表确定时间，today, yesterday, tomorrow，一般用于句尾，强调时用于句首。如：It’s Sunday today. Tomorrow morning I’ll go to the park. ②表不确定时间，recently, soon, already, yet，可用于句尾，用于句中（be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前），也可用于句首。如：Have you seen any films recently, Sandy I have already finished my homework. I have not heard from her yet. ③表频率，always, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldom，一般用于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前，sometimes可用于句首或句尾。如：The boys seldom eat chicken but the girls often eat it. He usually goes to school at 6:00 in the morning. Sometimes I go to work by bus.
　　(2) 地点副词：home here, there, up, down, around，位于动词之后。如：I must stay home to look after my sister. He looked around, but saw nothing.
　　(3) 方式副词：fast, quickly, slowly, happily，不及物动词之后，句尾。如：Lily ran quickly and caught the bus. The children were playing happily.
　　(4) 程度副词：very, quite, rather, too，常用于所修饰词之前；enough，用于所修饰的形容词、副词之后。如：It is quite a nice horse. English is very useful. The little boy is old enough to go to school.
　　(5) 疑问副词：when, whe re, why, how，位于特殊疑问句句首。如：Where were you born
　　(6) 连接副词：when, where, why, how，引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。如：Could you tell me why Kate didn’t come to school today
　　(7) 副词连用的顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词；多个时间副词、地点副词连用时，按“由小到大”的顺序。如：The students all worked very hard there yesterday. My daughter was born at 4:30 in the afternoon on April 8th, 1999.

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