资源简介

四川天府新区实外高级中学
2023-2024学年度上期高三年级英语学科入学考试
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
回答听力部分时，先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Teacher and student. B. Husband and wife. C. Manager and secretary.
2. How much will the man pay
A. 75 dollars. B. 60 dollars. C. 50 dollars.
3. When did the man see David
A. At 5:00. B. At 3:00. C. At 6:00.
4. What present did the man buy
A. Beatles’ CDs. B. A book about the Beatles. C. A gift from the Beatles.
5. How does the man go to work every day
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By bike.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What seems to be the man’s problem
A. Having trouble making friends.
B. Cleaning his room.
C. Getting along with his roommate.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Try to do some cleaning. B. Talk to Charlie. C. Talk to Charlie’s friend.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8 Why did the man go to Dali
A. To meet a friend from college. B. To visit his sister. C. To accompany his sister.
9. What did the woman do on her vacation
A. She did some shopping. B. She went to Dali. C. She visited a friend.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How does the man feel about the coming exam
A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Unconcerned.
11. Where will the man go
A. His home. B. The supermarket. C. The school.
12. What will the man buy
A. A cake. B. Some chocolate. C. Some strawberries.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What can we learn about the house the man rented
A. It’s big. B. It’s modern. C. It has two balconies.
14. What does the man’s roommate do
A. He is a doctor. B. He is a cook. C. He is a student.
15. What did the man’s roommate cook last night
A. Dumplings and pies.
B. Dumplings and vegetable soup.
C. Noodles and vegetable soup.
16. What can we learn about the man’s roommate
A. He likes sharing the food he cooks.
B. He doesn’t like cleaning.
C. He is not good at cooking.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What will the weather usually be like in London at this time of the year
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cold.
18. What will the hotel provide
A. Shampoo and sunscreen.
B. Toothbrushes and toothpaste.
C. A hairdryer and soap.
19. When can the listeners have lunch at the hotel .
A. At 11: 30 am. B. At 1: 50 pm. C. At 2: 15 pm.
20. Where can the visitors ask the speaker for more information
A. In the coffee bar. B. In the travel agency. C. In the dining room.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
B
First, I want to tell you how proud we are. Getting into Columbia shows what a great well-rounded student you are. Your academic, artistic, and social skills have truly blossomed in the last few years. You have become a talented and accomplished young woman. You should be as proud of yourself as we are.
College will be the most important years in your life. It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about. I want to tell you: “Education is what you have left after all that is taught is forgotten”. What I mean by that is the materials taught isn’t as important as you gaining the ability to learn a new subject, and the ability to analyze a new problem. That is really what learning in college is about— this will be the period where you go from teacher-taught to master-inspired, after which you must become self-learner.
Follow your passion in college. Take courses you think you will enjoy. Steve Jobs says when you are in college, your passion will create many dots, and later in your life you will connect them. In his great speech given at Stanford, he gave the great example where he took calligraphy, and a decade later, it became the basis of the beautiful letters in Microsoft Word. So don’t worry too much about what job you will have, and don’t be too utilitarian (功利的) , and if you like Japanese or Korean, go for it! Enjoy picking your dots, and be assured one day you will find your calling, and connect a beautiful curve through the dots.
Most importantly, make friends and be happy. College friends are often the best in life, because during college you are closer to them physically than to your mom and me. Pick a few friends and become really close to them— pick the ones who are honest and sincere to you. Don’t worry about their hobbies, grades, looks, or even personalities. You have developed some real friendships in high school in your last two years, so trust your instinct, and make new friends.
College is the four years where you have the greatest amount of free time, the first chance to be independent, the most possibilities to change and the lowest risk for making mistakes. So please treasure your college years! May Columbia become the happiest four years in your life, and may you blossom into just what you dream to be.
4. What’s the purpose of this passage
A. To explain why Columbia is a world famous university.
B. To tell “you” to be happy and enthusiastic in college
C. To stress the importance of attending college.
D. To provide useful tips for college.
5. What can you infer from the passage
A “You” have found out the truth of education.
B. “You” should be practical while choosing courses.
C. It is in college when “You” first become self-reliant.
D. “You” should try to make friends with as many students as possible.
6 The example of Steve Jobs was given to show that _______.
A. passion is the most important thing in college years
B. the more dots you create, the more successful you will become
C. Steve Jobs was quite good at creating dots and connecting them
D. have a strong interest in what you learn and someday it might be useful
7. This passage is probably written by _______.
A. a high school teacher
B. a parent of a freshman
C. the president of the University of Columbia
D. an upperclassman of the University of Columbia
C
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
8. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
9. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
10. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
11. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
D
Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.
Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.
Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.
Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.
Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.
It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.
12. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well
A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”.
B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”.
C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.
D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.
13. The author believes that .
A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect
B humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent
C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI
D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI
14. As for AIs, what does the author value most
A. Reliability. B. Practicability.
C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability.
15. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected
B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future
C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans
D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___16___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth.
People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___17___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”.
If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___18___
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___19___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.
___20___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.
A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.
B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception.
C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry.
D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes.
E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.
F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence.
G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.
第三部分：语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Some of the greatest problems we face today are concerned with the gradual destruction of our environment. Brown clouds; wildlife ___21___; polluted water. These ___22___ all seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to ___23___.
But does it do any good
I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟). These beautiful birds gather in ___24___ groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time ___25___ for migration, a few flamingos start the process by taking off from the lake. But ___26___ of the others seem to notice, so the tiny group returns.
However, the next day they ___27___ again. This time a few more struggle along with them, but the vast majority still ___28___ no attention, so these pioneers come back.
The ___29___ continues for several more days. Every time a few more birds join in but, ___30___ the thousands of others still take no ___31___, the great migration plan is once again ___32___.
Then one day something ___33___. The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in, just as before. And this time their total number, though still quite ___34___, is enough to tip the balance. As one, the whole group takes flight and the migration ___35___. What a ___36___ sight it must be – thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once!
A few can make a ___37___. It’s true that all of the great problems of the world have been solved because of the ___38___ efforts of a few.
If you believe in a cause (事业), don’t ___39___! Others will someday take notice and together we will ___40___ even our greatest problems.
21. A. protection B. extinction C. migration D. separation
22. A. questions B. costs C. examples D. problems
23. A. drive B. run C. cycle D. stand
24. A. tiny B. different C. huge D. similar
25. A. comes B. passes C. varies D. moves
26. A. all B. any C. none D. most
27. A. gather B. try C. sing D. appear
28. A. attract B. require C. escape D. pay
29. A. plan B. trend C. activity D. movement
30. A. since B. though C. unless D. while
31. A. responsibility B. notice C. chance D. measure
32. A. put off B. cut off C. carried out D. worked out
33. A. approaches B. works C. changes D. disappears
34. A. significant B. reasonable C. adequate D. small
35. A. continues B. delays C. finishes D. begins
36. A. familiar B. strange C. magnificent D. unrealistic
37. A. point B. decision C. difference D. mistake
38. A. useless B. tireless C. extra D. special
39. A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give out
40. A. identify B. understand C. predict D. solve
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For protecting endangered neighbors, pandas make unreliable umbrellas.
Like many undergraduate biology students, Wang Fang was taught that pandas are a prime example of ____41____ umbrella species—a well-known and usually endangered animal ____42____ protection benefits an entire ecosystem.
In fact, the story is much ____43____ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation. Refuting (反驳) years of ____44____ (assume) about the universal benefits of panda conservation, Dr. Wang and his colleagues report that a number of other ____45____ (threaten) species are not being protected by the panda umbrella.
Panda conservation, on its own, ____46____ (be) a success up to now. In the 1980s, pandas had very little protection in the wild and were thought to add up to around just 1,100 individuals. In the 1990s, China began to ____47____ (active) conserve wild populations. Eventually sixty-seven panda-specific protected areas ____48____ (represent) 70 percent of the species’ range were established.
All of those efforts focused simply not on other species, ____49____ on China’s national animal. Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only _____50_____ (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I went to Turkey last summer, where I saw many place of interest. The weather was very nice and the people here were friendly. What I especial enjoyed was the Turkish food that was great. I caught the early ferry to cross from one side of the city to other side, take many pictures with my camera. The cost of the whole trip was a bit of high, but I thought it was worth it. The Turkish people did not speak much English, and I managed to get where I plan to go. During the trip, I went to the traditional Turkish baths, what were very cheap and relaxed.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你校学生会将成立汉语诗歌俱乐部。请写封邮件邀请你的留学生朋友David加入。内容包括：
1.目的；
2.俱乐部活动；
3.报名方式和截止日期。
注意：
1. 词数100左右，文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四川天府新区实外高级中学
2023-2024学年度上期高三年级英语学科入学考试
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
回答听力部分时，先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Teacher and student. B. Husband and wife. C. Manager and secretary.
2. How much will the man pay
A. 75 dollars. B. 60 dollars. C. 50 dollars.
3. When did the man see David
A. At 5:00. B. At 3:00. C. At 6:00.
4. What present did the man buy
A. Beatles’ CDs. B. A book about the Beatles. C. A gift from the Beatles.
5. How does the man go to work every day
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By bike.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What seems to be the man’s problem
A. Having trouble making friends.
B. Cleaning his room.
C. Getting along with his roommate.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Try to do some cleaning. B. Talk to Charlie. C. Talk to Charlie’s friend.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why did the man go to Dali
A. To meet a friend from college. B. To visit his sister. C. To accompany his sister.
9. What did the woman do on her vacation
A. She did some shopping. B. She went to Dali. C. She visited a friend.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How does the man feel about the coming exam
A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Unconcerned.
11. Where will the man go
A. His home. B. The supermarket. C. The school.
12. What will the man buy
A A cake. B. Some chocolate. C. Some strawberries.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What can we learn about the house the man rented
A. It’s big. B. It’s modern. C. It has two balconies.
14. What does the man’s roommate do
A. He is a doctor. B. He is a cook. C. He is a student.
15. What did the man’s roommate cook last night
A. Dumplings and pies.
B. Dumplings and vegetable soup.
C Noodles and vegetable soup.
16. What can we learn about the man’s roommate
A. He likes sharing the food he cooks.
B. He doesn’t like cleaning.
C. He is not good at cooking.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17 What will the weather usually be like in London at this time of the year
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cold.
18. What will the hotel provide
A. Shampoo and sunscreen.
B. Toothbrushes and toothpaste.
C. A hairdryer and soap.
19. When can the listeners have lunch at the hotel .
A. At 11: 30 am. B. At 1: 50 pm. C. At 2: 15 pm.
20. Where can the visitors ask the speaker for more information
A. In the coffee bar. B. In the travel agency. C. In the dining room.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
【点睛】
B
First, I want to tell you how proud we are. Getting into Columbia shows what a great well-rounded student you are. Your academic, artistic, and social skills have truly blossomed in the last few years. You have become a talented and accomplished young woman. You should be as proud of yourself as we are.
College will be the most important years in your life. It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about. I want to tell you: “Education is what you have left after all that is taught is forgotten”. What I mean by that is the materials taught isn’t as important as you gaining the ability to learn a new subject and the ability to analyze a new problem. That is really what learning in college is about— this will be the period where you go from teacher-taught to master-inspired, after which you must become self-learner.
Follow your passion in college. Take courses you think you will enjoy. Steve Jobs says when you are in college, your passion will create many dots, and later in your life you will connect them. In his great speech given at Stanford, he gave the great example where he took calligraphy, and a decade later, it became the basis of the beautiful letters in Microsoft Word. So don’t worry too much about what job you will have, and don’t be too utilitarian (功利的) , and if you like Japanese or Korean, go for it! Enjoy picking your dots, and be assured one day you will find your calling, and connect a beautiful curve through the dots.
Most importantly, make friends and be happy. College friends are often the best in life, because during college you are closer to them physically than to your mom and me. Pick a few friends and become really close to them— pick the ones who are honest and sincere to you. Don’t worry about their hobbies, grades, looks, or even personalities. You have developed some real friendships in high school in your last two years, so trust your instinct, and make new friends.
College is the four years where you have the greatest amount of free time, the first chance to be independent, the most possibilities to change and the lowest risk for making mistakes. So please treasure your college years! May Columbia become the happiest four years in your life, and may you blossom into just what you dream to be.
4. What’s the purpose of this passage
A. To explain why Columbia is a world famous university.
B. To tell “you” to be happy and enthusiastic in college
C. To stress the importance of attending college.
D. To provide useful tips for college.
5. What can you infer from the passage
A. “You” have found out the truth of education.
B. “You” should be practical while choosing courses.
C. It is in college when “You” first become self-reliant.
D. “You” should try to make friends with as many students as possible.
6. The example of Steve Jobs was given to show that _______.
A. passion is the most important thing in college years
B. the more dots you create, the more successful you will become
C. Steve Jobs was quite good at creating dots and connecting them
D. have a strong interest in what you learn and someday it might be useful
7. This passage is probably written by _______.
A. a high school teacher
B. a parent of a freshman
C. the president of the University of Columbia
D. an upperclassman of the University of Columbia
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者的女儿即将进入哥伦比亚大学，作者在这封给女儿的信中表达了由衷的自豪，并给女儿的大学生活提出了几点建议。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“That is really what learning in college is about — this will be the period where you go from teacher-taught to master-inspired, after which you must become self-learner.(这才是大学学习的真谛——在这段时间里，你将从受老师教导转变为受大师启发，之后你必须成为自学成才的人。)”、第三段前两句“Follow your passion in college. Take courses you think you will enjoy.(在大学里追随你的激情。选择你认为你会喜欢的课程。)”、第四段第一句“Most importantly, make friends and be happy.(最重要的是，交朋友，要快乐。)”和第五段前两句“College is the four years where you have the greatest amount of free time, the first chance to be independent, the most possibilities to change and the lowest risk for making mistakes. So please treasure your college years!(大学是你自由时间最多、第一次有机会独立、最有可能改变、犯错风险最低的四年。所以，请珍惜你的大学时光！)”可知，这篇文章的目的是为大学生活提供有用的建议。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“College is the four years where you have the greatest amount of free time, the first chance to be independent, the most possibilities to change and the lowest risk for making mistakes.(大学是你自由时间最多、第一次有机会独立、最有可能改变、犯错风险最低的四年。)”可知，在大学里，“你”第一次变得自力更生。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段前四句“Follow your passion in college. Take courses you think you will enjoy. Steve Jobs says when you are in college, your passion will create many dots, and later in your life you will connect them. In his great speech given at Stanford, he gave the great example where he took calligraphy, and a decade later, it became the basis of the beautiful letters in Microsoft Word.(在大学里追随你的激情。选择你认为你会喜欢的课程。史蒂夫·乔布斯说，当你在大学的时候，你的激情会创造出许多关键点，在你以后的生活中，你会把它们连接起来。在他在斯坦福大学的演讲中，他举了一个很好的例子，他学习书法，十年后，它成为微软Word中漂亮字母的基础。)”可知，史蒂夫·乔布斯的例子是为了表明激情是大学生活中最重要的事情。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“First, I want to tell you how proud we are. Getting into Columbia shows what a great well-rounded student you are. Your academic, artistic, and social skills have truly blossomed in the last few years. You have become a talented and accomplished young woman. You should be as proud of yourself as we are.(首先，我想告诉你我们有多自豪。进入哥伦比亚大学表明你是一个全面发展的优秀学生。在过去的几年里，你的学术、艺术和社交技能都得到了长足的发展。你已经成为一个有才华、有成就的年轻女子。你应该和我们一样为自己感到骄傲。)”可知，这篇文章很有可能是一位即将进入哥伦比亚大学的女生的父母写给自己女儿的。故选B项。
C
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
8. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
9. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
10. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
11. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
D
Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us. Well, sort of. When it comes to playing games like chess and Go, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of us. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.
Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. Reading minds comes so easily to us, though, that we often don’t think to spell out what we want. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life—to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball—we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.
Psychologists refer to the ability to infer another’s mental state as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.
Moreover, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.
Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.
It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.
12. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well
A. When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”.
B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”.
C. When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.
D. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.
13. The author believes that .
A. humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect
B. humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent
C. we should reject human-like forms of abilities for AI
D. shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI
14. As for AIs, what does the author value most
A. Reliability. B. Practicability.
C. Reasoning capability. D. Communication ability.
15. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected
B. AI with Theory of Mind Will Reshape Our Future
C. AI’s Theory of Mind Is a Blessing or Suffering to Humans
D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当涉及到下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等棘手的科学挑战时，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术。作者希望人工智能也能具备这种思维能力，实现人类与人工智能的交流。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. (但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术)”和第二段“Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. (人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果) ”和第三段的“For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.(例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的)”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项“When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sore throat”. (你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛”)”、B项“When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework and he answers “my dog ate it”. (当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”)”和D项“When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. (当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声)”都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项“When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. (当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃)”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude that the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了人工智能的思维理论。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. (然而，我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥有一种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和欲望。虽然让人工智能在学习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要)”可知，关于人工智能，作者最看重的是它的推理能力，这样才能实现人类人工智能的交流。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. (然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意识的机器)”可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected(期待人工智有拥有自己的心智理论)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___16___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth.
People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___17___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”.
If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___18___
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___19___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.
___20___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.
A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.
B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception.
C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry.
D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes.
E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.
F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence.
G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，讲述了自尊的定义，拥有健康自尊的人们的特征和低自尊人群对自身的危害，最后对于如何正确提升自尊给出了建议。
【16题详解】
空格下文“ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.”（有些人即使很能干、很有技能，也可能会发展出低自尊。）这个例子与空格前没有呼应，选项A“Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.”（然而，自尊并不总是根植于现实。）与这个例子存在论点和论据的关系，故选择A。
【17题详解】
这段第一句“People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. ”（有健康自尊的人不需要向别人吹嘘自己。）可见，整一段都在讲健康自尊的人们。再者空格后“They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. ”（他们不羞于分享想法，包括对他人的建设性批评。）可知，选项F的“People with a healthy level of self-esteem ”与整段的指代一致，故选择F。
【18题详解】
根据空格前“When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor.....Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.”(当你停止消极的自我对话时，你就能敞开心扉......继续，直到它变得越来越少，也许甚至是在镜子里的几个尴尬的笑可能会有帮助。)可知，讲述改变低自尊状态的方法，与选项G"With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth."(通过一些练习和坚持，你会赢得这场内在的斗争，看到你的自我价值。),中的练习和坚持这些方法相对应，故选G。
【19题详解】
空格前“professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ”（做心理治疗的专业人员不会通过判断或给予纠正。）可知，这个现象与选项C中指代的this指代一致，专业人员不会判断或者纠正，所以这将鼓励你去放开说。故选择C.
【20题详解】
空格后“It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits”（这需要付出一些努力，但你的整个生活——从你的人际关系到你的身体形象，再到你的工作习惯），可知it 指代与选项B"You have the power to shape a new self-perception(你有能力塑造一种新的自我认知)相一致，可知新的自我认知需要一些努力，但会让你受益颇多。故选择B.
第三部分：语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Some of the greatest problems we face today are concerned with the gradual destruction of our environment. Brown clouds; wildlife ___21___; polluted water. These ___22___ all seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to ___23___.
But does it do any good
I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟). These beautiful birds gather in ___24___ groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time ___25___ for migration, a few flamingos start the process by taking off from the lake. But ___26___ of the others seem to notice, so the tiny group returns.
However, the next day they ___27___ again. This time a few more struggle along with them, but the vast majority still ___28___ no attention, so these pioneers come back.
The ___29___ continues for several more days. Every time a few more birds join in but, ___30___ the thousands of others still take no ___31___, the great migration plan is once again ___32___.
Then one day something ___33___. The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in, just as before. And this time their total number, though still quite ___34___, is enough to tip the balance. As one, the whole group takes flight and the migration ___35___. What a ___36___ sight it must be – thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once!
A few can make a ___37___. It’s true that all of the great problems of the world have been solved because of the ___38___ efforts of a few.
If you believe in a cause (事业), don’t ___39___! Others will someday take notice and together we will ___40___ even our greatest problems.
21. A. protection B. extinction C. migration D. separation
22. A. questions B. costs C. examples D. problems
23. A. drive B. run C. cycle D. stand
24. A. tiny B. different C. huge D. similar
25. A. comes B. passes C. varies D. moves
26. A. all B. any C. none D. most
27. A. gather B. try C. sing D. appear
28. A. attract B. require C. escape D. pay
29. A. plan B. trend C. activity D. movement
30. A. since B. though C. unless D. while
31. A. responsibility B. notice C. chance D. measure
32. A. put off B. cut off C. carried out D. worked out
33. A. approaches B. works C. changes D. disappears
34. A. significant B. reasonable C. adequate D. small
35. A. continues B. delays C. finishes D. begins
36. A. familiar B. strange C. magnificent D. unrealistic
37. A. point B. decision C. difference D. mistake
38. A. useless B. tireless C. extra D. special
39. A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give out
40. A. identify B. understand C. predict D. solve
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. C 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者从那些准备迁徙的火烈鸟先行者身上认识到少数人也可以产生大影响，最终会带领大多数人行动起来解决我们与环境被破坏有关的大问题。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：棕色云;野生动物灭绝;被污染的水，这些问题看起来都很严重。A. protection保护；B. extinction灭绝；C. migration迁移；D. separation分离。此处与Brown clouds和polluted water并列是三个严重的问题，指的是野生动物灭绝，故B项正确。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. questions提问；B. costs花销；C. examples例子；D. problems问题。根据第一句中的“problems”可知，这些问题看起来都很严重，故D项正确。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们步行去不需要开车去的地方。A. drive开车；B. run跑；C. cycle骑自行车；D. stand站。根据本空前的“We walk where we don’t have to”可知，我们步行去不需要开车去的地方，故A项正确。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些美丽的鸟聚集成上千只甚至更多的大群。A. tiny微小的；B. different不同的；C. huge 巨大的；D. similar相似的。根据空后的“groups of a thousand or more.”可知，一个鸟群有很多只火烈鸟，规模非常大，故C项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，当迁徙的时候，一些火烈鸟会从湖中起飞。A. comes到来；B. passes经过；C. varies不同；D. moves移动。the time comes for...表示“到……的时候了”，故A项正确。
【26题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：然而，其他的火烈鸟好像并没注意到，于是这一小群火烈鸟又飞回到湖面上。A. all所有；B. any任何；C. none一个也没有、没有人；D. most大多数。根据空后的“so the tiny group returns.”可知，其他的火烈鸟中没有人注意到，于是这一小群火烈鸟又飞回到湖面上，故C项正确。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：可是第二天，这些少数的先行者会继续尝试起飞（准备迁徙）。A. gather聚集；B. try尝试；C. sing唱歌；D. appear出现。根据空后的“This time a few more struggle along with them”可知，第二天，这些少数的先行者会继续尝试起飞（准备迁徙），故B项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次又有一些与它们一起起飞，但绝大多数仍然不理会，所以这些先行者又回来了。A. attract吸引；B. require要求；C. escape避开；D. pay给予。pay no attention to表示“不理会”，故D项正确。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势（尝试）要持续好多天。A. plan计划；B. trend趋势；C. activity活动；D. movement运动。此处指火烈鸟起飞准备迁徙的尝试，故B项正确。
【30题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：由于成千上万的火烈鸟仍然没有注意到，大迁移计划再次被推迟。A. since既然、由于；B. though尽管；C. unless除非；D. while而。成千上万的火烈鸟仍然没有注意到是大迁移计划再次被推迟的原因，故A项正确。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. responsibility责任；B. notice注意；C. chance机会；D. measure措施。take no notice与上文pay no attention to意思相近，表示“没注意到”，故B项正确。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. put off推迟；B. cut off切断；C. carried out实施；D. worked out算出。根据上文先行者又飞回来可知，迁徙计划被推迟了，故A项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一天，事情发生了变化。A. approaches靠近；B. works起作用；C. changes改变；D. disappears消失。根据空后的“The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in, ”可知，情况发生了改变，又有一些火烈鸟加入，故C项正确。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次，它们的总数虽然仍然很小，但足以打破平衡。A. significant重大的；B. reasonable合理的；C. adequate充足的；D. small小的。根据空前的“though”及空后的“is enough to tip the balance.”可知，尽管总数仍然很小，但足以打破平衡，故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个整体，整个群体飞了起来开始迁徙。A. continues继续；B. delays耽搁；C. finishes完成；D. begins开始。经过多次尝试后，大迁徙终于开始了，故D项正确。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成千上万只火烈鸟同时飞上天空，是多么壮观的景象啊！A. familiar熟悉的；B. strange奇怪的；C. magnificent壮丽的、宏伟的；D. unrealistic不切实际的。根据空后的“thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once!”可知，成千上万只火烈鸟同时飞上天空，场面一定非常壮观，故C项正确。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：少数人也可以产生大影响（改变世界）。A. point要点；B. decision决定；C. difference不同；D. mistake错误。make a difference表示“有意义、有影响”，故C项正确。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诚然，世界上所有的重大问题都是通过少数人的不懈努力而得到解决的。A. useless无用的；B. tireless孜孜不倦的；C. extra额外的；D. special特别的。根据上文可知，正是因为那些少数先行者一次又一次的尝试，最后火烈鸟大军才成功迁徙，故B项正确。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你想从事一项事业，就不要放弃。A. give up放弃；B. give in屈服；C. give away泄露；D. give out分发。从那些火烈鸟先行者的身上我们学到的是永不放弃的精神，故A项正确。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：总有一天，其他人会注意到，我们将一起解决我们最大的问题。A. identify识别；B. understand理解；C. predict预言；D. solve解决。根据第一段提到的那些与环境被破坏有关的问题可知此处指我们将一起解决我们最大的问题，故D项正确。
【点睛】夹叙夹议文完形的设空特点是首尾呼应，例如本篇最后一空，第一段提到的一些与环境被破坏有关的问题，如棕色云、野生动物灭绝以及被污染的水等，既然前面提到了问题，后面就应该指出解决问题的方法，最后一空与第一段相呼应，指的是我们将一起解决这些问题，故D项正确。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For protecting endangered neighbors, pandas make unreliable umbrellas.
Like many undergraduate biology students, Wang Fang was taught that pandas are a prime example of ____41____ umbrella species—a well-known and usually endangered animal ____42____ protection benefits an entire ecosystem.
In fact, the story is much ____43____ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation. Refuting (反驳) years of ____44____ (assume) about the universal benefits of panda conservation, Dr. Wang and his colleagues report that a number of other ____45____ (threaten) species are not being protected by the panda umbrella.
Panda conservation, on its own, ____46____ (be) a success up to now. In the 1980s, pandas had very little protection in the wild and were thought to add up to around just 1,100 individuals. In the 1990s, China began to ____47____ (active) conserve wild populations. Eventually sixty-seven panda-specific protected areas ____48____ (represent) 70 percent of the species’ range were established.
All of those efforts focused simply not on other species, ____49____ on China’s national animal. Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only _____50_____ (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.
【答案】41. an 42. whose
43. more complex
44. assumptions
45. threatened
46. has been
47. actively
48. representing
49. but 50. to find
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最新的研究结果表明保护熊猫并没有普遍认为的那样有好处，许多其他濒危的物种没有受到熊猫保护伞的保护。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：和许多生物学专业的本科生一样，王芳被告知大熊猫是伞类物种的典型代表——一种众所周知的濒危动物，保护它们有利于整个生态系统。此处species为泛指，且umbrella是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：和许多生物学专业的本科生一样，王芳被告知大熊猫是伞类物种的典型代表——一种众所周知的濒危动物，保护它们有利于整个生态系统。定语从句修饰先行词animal，空格处在从句中作主语的定语，故用whose引导从句。故填whose。
【43题详解】
考查比较级。句意：事实上，根据王博士上个月发表在《生物保护》杂志上的研究结果，情况要复杂得多，王博士现在是上海复旦大学的生态学家。此处指与上文的情况相比，情况更加复杂，应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more complex。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：王博士和他的同事们反驳了多年来关于保护熊猫的普遍好处的假设，他们在报告中指出，许多其他濒危物种并没有受到熊猫保护伞的保护。作介词的宾语，应用名词assumption，且根据years of可知数量大于一应用复数形式。故填assumptions。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：王博士和他的同事们反驳了多年来关于保护熊猫的普遍好处的假设，他们在报告中指出，许多其他濒危物种并没有受到熊猫保护伞的保护。修饰名词species应用形容词threatened，作定语。故填threatened。
【46题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，熊猫保护本身是成功的。根据后文up to now可知为现在完成时，主语为conservation，助动词用has。故填has been。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：20世纪90年代，中国开始积极保护野生种群。修饰动词conserve应用副词actively，作状语。故填actively。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最终建立了67个熊猫保护区，占该物种活动范围的70%。分析句子结构可知represent与逻辑主语area构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，修饰areas。故填representing。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：所有这些努力都不是针对其他物种，而是针对中国的国宝。表示“不是……而是……”短语为not…but…。故填but。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：王博士开始质疑保护伞物种的说法，并进行了研究，结果发现保护熊猫并没有帮助中国的大型食肉动物。此处为only to do sth.，为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。故填to find。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I went to Turkey last summer, where I saw many place of interest. The weather was very nice and the people here were friendly. What I especial enjoyed was the Turkish food that was great. I caught the early ferry to cross from one side of the city to other side, take many pictures with my camera. The cost of the whole trip was a bit of high, but I thought it was worth it. The Turkish people did not speak much English, and I managed to get where I plan to go. During the trip, I went to the traditional Turkish baths, what were very cheap and relaxed.
【答案】1. place→places
2. here→there
3. especial→especially
4. other前加the
5. take→taking
6. 去掉bit后面的of
7. and→but
8. plan→planned
9. what→which
10. relaxed→relaxing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的土耳其之旅。
【详解】1.考查名词复数。句意：去年夏天我去了土耳其，在那里我看到了许多名胜古迹。place是可数名词，前有many，应用名词复数形式。故place改为places。
2.考查副词。句意：天气很好，那里的人也很友好。根据语境可知，此处指“那里的人”，应用副词there。故here改为there。
3.考查副词。句意：我特别喜欢的是土耳其菜，非常好吃。此处修饰动词enjoyed，应用副词especially“特别”，作状语。故especial改为especially。
4.考查介词。句意：我乘早班渡轮从城市的一边到另一边，用我的相机拍了很多照片。此处特指城市的另一边，应用定冠词。故other前加the。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：我乘早班渡轮从城市的一边到另一边，用我的相机拍了很多照片。take与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故take改为taking。
6.考查固定短语。句意：整个旅行的费用有点高，但我认为值得。a bit表示稍微、有点儿，作副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级；a bit of修饰名词。此处修饰形容词high，应用a bit。故去掉bit后面的of。
7.考查连词。句意：土耳其人不太会说英语，但我设法到达了我计划去地方。前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故and改为but。
8.考查。句意：土耳其人不太会说英语，但我设法到达了我计划去的地方。此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故plan改为planned。
9.考查定语从句。句意：在旅途中，我去了传统的土耳其浴场，非常便宜，也很放松。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the traditional Turkish baths，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故what改为which。
10.考查形容词。句意：在旅途中，我去了传统的土耳其浴场，非常便宜，也很放松。此处修饰事物，应用-ing结尾形容词relaxing“令人放松的”。故relaxed改为relaxing。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你校学生会将成立汉语诗歌俱乐部。请写封邮件邀请你的留学生朋友David加入。内容包括：
1.目的；
2.俱乐部活动；
3.报名方式和截止日期。
注意：
1. 词数100左右，文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear David,
I’m writing to invite you to join our Chinese poetry club.
As we all know, reading Chinese poetry can increase our intellectual ability, broaden our minds and improve our taste. The Student Union of our school will set up a Chinese poetry club to encourage us to read more.
Of course we’ll hold varieties of reading activities. We’ll provide chances for members of the club to exchange opinions on certain poems so that they can learn from each other. Besides, we’ll recommend good poems to members of the club.
You can visit our school website and sign up online. Meanwhile, you can turn to the students union for the same purpose. The deadline is September 10th. So don’t miss it!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你校学生会将成立汉语诗歌俱乐部。请写封邮件邀请你的留学生朋友David加入。内容包括：1.目的；2.俱乐部活动；3.报名方式和截止日期。
【详解】1.词汇积累
成立：set up→found
各种各样的：varieties of→all kinds of
提供：provide→offer
此外：besides =in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The Student Union of our school will set up a Chinese poetry club to encourage us to read more.
拓展句：The Student Union of our school will set up a Chinese poetry club, which is to encourage us to read more.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, reading Chinese poetry can increase our intellectual ability, broaden our minds and improve our taste.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和动名词短语作主语)
[高分句型2] We’ll provide chances for members of the club to exchange opinions on certain peoms so that they can learn from each other.(运用了so that引导的目的状语从句)

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