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2024届高考英语语法专项学习之过去完成进行时与过去将来时
过去完成进行时用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。
和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
　　②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
　　③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中
The doctor asked what he had been eating
.医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
　　④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.
我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给我打电话。

　　过去完成进行时：
　　就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推，向后推是现在完成进行时。
过去完成进行时是由"had been+现在分词"构成。
例如：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
过去完成进行时，就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。
放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推，向后推是现在完成进行时。
过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。 　　
例如：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 　　
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
用法：
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。 　　
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完
成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。 　　
例如：I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 　　
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
②表示反复的动作。 　　
例如：He had been mentioning your name to me. 　　
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。 　　
例如：The doctor asked what he had been eating. 　　
医生问他吃了什么。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。 　　
例如：I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 　　
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
特点：
1.这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）
2.这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：
He said，“I have been speaking to John．”= He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
3.过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。
现在完成进行时 (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分词构成；
过去完成进行时（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分词构成．
现在/过去完成进行时的用法：
A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．
动作通常有"现在"的结果，要根据上下文来确定到"现在"为止，动作是否还在继续进行．
同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。
B.表示重复动作的现在/过去完成进行时
我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作
注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间点。
过去完成进行时与过去完成时比较：
过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束
He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语）
Up to that time he had been translating those books．（He was still translating at “that time”．）
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．
He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）
He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语）
He had been thinking about his marriage．
不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．
过去将来时具体用法
　　一、would+不定式
　　1.用“would+不定式”表示过去将来时间通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，而且多见于从属分句。
He said he would come back the next day.
　　2.如果要表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行得动作，可用“would+不定式进行体”。
例如：He never imagined that some day he would be living away from his motherland.
　　这种“would+不定式进行体”结构也可能仅仅表示一般过去过去将来时间，如同“will/shall+不定式进行体”表示一般将来时间一样。、
例如：He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
　　如果要表示在过去将来某时以前业已发生得事态，可用“would+不定式完成体”。
例如：The delegation would have arrived by four o'clock that afternoon.
　　如果要表示从过去某时开始一直延续到过去将来某时得动作或事态，可用“would+不定式完成进行体”。
例如： She said that by the end of May she would have been studying medicine for three years
　　二、was/were going to +不定式
　　用做表示过去将来，也通常带有表示过去将来时间得状语。
例如： He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
　　用做表示的动作或事态，也可以是没有实现的意图。
例如：Last Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained .
　　三、was/were to +不定式
　　用做表示过去将来，通常指按过去的计划安排将在某个过去将来时间发生得事态。
例如：They were not to get away with it if they continued to violate the law.
　　用作表示过去将来的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消了，没有实现，则用“was/were to +不定式完成体”表示，并可与表示现在、过去或将来得时间状语连用。 此外，其也可用作于表示以后不可避免得要发生得事件。
例如：They said goodbye,little knowing they were never to meet again.
　　四、was/were about to +不定式
　　用半助动词be about to 的过去时形式也可使其表示过去将来。这种结构通常指最近的过去将来事态，而且在一定语境中通常指未曾实现的意图：
例如：We were about to start when it began to rain .
　　五、某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时
come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
例1：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨出发。
例2：She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。
　　六、特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时
　　条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例1：I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
析：第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用将来时，第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例2：I didn't know if she would come,but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否来，但如果她来我会告诉你。
析：第一个if引导宾语从句，可使用将来时，第二个if引导条件状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
　　过去将来时：
　　表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
　　去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
　　过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾
语从句和间接引语中。去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
结构
1. would+动词原形
例如：When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
2. was/were going to+动词原形
例如：He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
3. was/were to+动词原形
例如：Li Lei was to arrive soon.
4. was/were about to+动词原形
例如：We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
5. was/were+现在分词
例如：He was leaving the next day.
用法：
1. 过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
例如：He said he would stay with us.
2. 过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
例如：If I were you, I would not do that.
过去将来时表达法：
1. would+动词原形
例如：When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
2. was/were going to+动词原形
例如：He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
3. was/were to+动词原形
例如：Li Lei was to arrive soon.
4. was/were about to+动词原形
例如：We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
5. was/were+现在分词
例如：He was leaving the next day.
句型结构：
肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.
疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？
肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.
疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？
过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样，只不过把助动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。
例句：I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。

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