资源简介 阅读理解解题技巧一、十处命题位置1.文章首尾段 文章大意和标题题2.段落首尾处 约占75%3.过渡转折处 but, however等4.因果关系处 because, so ,therefore等5.举例说明处 forexample,suchas等6.特殊标点处冒号、破折号、括号7.汉语提示处8.结论建议处尤其调研发现find, show, indicate, suggest后9.观点态度处体现感彩的动词和形容词祈使句、感叹句等特殊句式10.表目的的不定式处 常用why提问二、五种试题类型1.主旨大意题;2. 词句猜义题;3. 细节理解题;4. 推断判断题;5. 文章出处题(较少);6.观点态度题三、考点详解考点1:理解主旨要义1.大意类(考查1 题)分类:段落大意;文章大意段落大意题:设问方式:Whatisthefirst/secondparagraphmainlyabout (2020年全国Ⅰ卷;2019年全国Ⅰ卷;2017年全国Ⅱ卷)Whatdoesparagraph 2 mainlytalkabout (2020年全国Ⅲ卷)Whatisthemainideaof Paragraph1 (2012 年全国课标卷)段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。多数文章主题句在段首或段尾,这类文章一般段内层次较为分明,通常是先分后总或先总后分的结构。当然,也可能没有主题句,这时需根据本段内容去归纳。文章大意题:设提方式:Whatisthemainideaofthetext (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)Whatisthetextmainlyabout (2020年全国Ⅱ卷;2020年全国Ⅲ卷;2019年全国Ⅱ卷;2018年全国Ⅲ卷)解答文章大意题的主要方法是找主题句,主题句通常在文首、文尾、段落首尾句或文章的结论句。文章若没有主题句,则需要读者根据文章内容去归纳。2.标题类(必有1 题)设提方式:Whatis/canbe/mightbethebesttitleforthetext (2021年全国甲卷;2019年全国Ⅰ卷;2019年全国Ⅱ卷;2018 年全国Ⅱ卷)Whichofthefollowingcan/mightbethebesttitleforthetext (2021年全国乙卷;2020年全国Ⅰ卷;2017 年全国Ⅰ卷)What/Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext (2020年全国Ⅱ卷;2020年全国Ⅲ卷;2019年全国Ⅲ卷;2018 年Ⅰ卷;2018 年全国Ⅲ卷)解题技巧:文章标题是对文章主旨的高度概括,通常具有短小精悍、概括性强和精准性强等特点。总结:解答主旨要义题的主要方法是寻找主题句。寻找主题句的方法是略读法,即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句,以及表达句段关系的连接性词语,特别是but, however, though (adv.然而), in fact, therefore等。有时,没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句,我们就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。寻找主题句的6 个微技能:(1) Now(如今)…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。(2) 表转折的词。段落中出现but, however, actually, while, infact, onthecontrary, incontrast等时,其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。(3)表总结的词。如therefore, thus, inshort, conclude, conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。(4) 多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词,该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。(5) 若首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(6) 说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如theirstudiesshowthat…,theexperimentshowsthat…,scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或thereisevidencesuggestingthat…中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。考点2:细节题设题方式:what/where/why/who/how/which等开头的问句1) Which ofthefollowingis NOT trueaccordingto theinformationinthe passage 2) Which ofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingto thepassage 3)Which ofthe following is Not True inthe passage 4)Which ofthe following is not mentioned 5)Which ofthe following is mentioned in the passage 6)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...7)The writer mentions all ofthe items listed belowexcept .8)Whatistheexampleof ... asdescribedinthepassage 9) Accordingtothepassage, when (where, why, how, who,etc. )...10) The reason for...is...题型分类:直接信息题、语意转换题、数字计算题、归纳概括题注意:特殊数字double两倍, couple两个, fortnight两周, dozen十二score二十, decade十年特殊词汇freeofcharge/forfree免费, off减价,discount打折考点3:词义猜测(包括单词、短语、句子)(1-2 题)设问方式:1) Theword “ABC” inthepassageprobablymeans.2) Theunderlinedword “ABC” inthepassagerefersto/means.3) Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?4) Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans.5) Theword"it(them)" inthefirstparagraphrefersto.五种解法:语境法:据所在句及其上下句或句组推断代入法:将各选项代入句中看是否通顺语法法:据定义、同位语、冒号、破折号之后的解释或说明推断构词法:据转化法、合成法和派生法(前缀、后缀)推断逻辑法:因果so, because 等;转折but, yet, however 等;让步though, although 等;对比or, otherwise, while, instead,ratherthan, onthecontrary, ontheotherhand等考点4:推理判断题(每篇文章都有1 题)考察方式:推断隐含意思;评价人物事物;推断文章出处;识别语篇类型;推断文中人物或者组织的观点态度1.推断隐含意思:设问方式:1) Wecaninferfromthetextthat.2) Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.3) Fromtheletterswe’velearnedthat4) Fromthestorywecanguess.5) Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat6) Thestoryimpliesthat.7) Theauthorimplied(suggested)that2.评价人物事物:设问方式:Which ofthe following best describes Whaley asateacher Which ofthe following best describes the breeding programme Which ofthe following best describes Titterton’sjob onstage 常见的词:有humorous幽默的; ambitious有雄心壮志的;caring关心人的、体贴的;demanding 要求高的、要求极严格的;costly耗钱的、高价的;controversial有争议的;successful成功的;practical实用的、实际的;boring无聊的;well-paid高薪的;dangerous危险的;cooperative合作的;uneasy不安的;inseparable密不可分的;casual不经意的;romantic浪漫的;eventful多事的;pleasant 令人愉快的、可喜的;dangerous危险的;unkind不友好的;lonely 孤独的;generous慷慨的;cool冷静的、凉爽的;academic学术的、理论的;unattractive无吸引力的; inexpensive 不昂贵的; confidential机密的,保密的3.推断文章出处:设问方式:Where can the text befound Where is this text mostlikelyfrom In which section ofa newspaper may this textappear From which is the text probably taken Where does this text probably comefrom 常见的文章类别词:历史书(historybook);小说(novel);传记(biography);(艺术杂志)artmagazine;(日记)diary;(旅游指南)guidebook.(娱乐)entertainment;(健康)Health;(教育)Education;(科学)Science;(生物学教科书)Abiologytextbook;(健康杂志)healthmagazine;(研究论文)Aresearchpaper;(旅游指南)Atravel brochure;(科幻小说)Sciencefiction;(儿童文学)Children’sliterature;(广告)Anadvertisement;(科研报告)Asciencereport;4.识别语篇类型:设问方式:What is thetext What type ofwriting isthistext What type ofwriting is thearticlelikely to be 5.推断文中人物或组织的观点态度:设问方式:What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law What is the government’s attitude to the developmentoftheflyingcar 考点5:理解作者的意图、观点和态度(1-3 题)1.作者的意图:文章写作目的设问方式:What is the purpose ofthistext What is the author’s purpose in writingthe text 作者的意图:段落写作目的(经典题)设问方式:Why does the author discuss plastic strawsin paragraph3 Whydoestheauthormention “doctor” and “cheater” inparagraph2 What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph1 What is the purpose ofthe last part ofthe text Why does the author mention book groups in thefirst paragraph 2.作者的观点:此类题目考查的是作者对某事物或某问题的看法。题干中常有thinkof或opinion等,具体提问方式有:Whatdoestheauthorthinkof… (2021 年全国甲卷;2018 年全国Ⅰ卷)Whatistheauthor’sopinionon… (2012 年全国课标卷)作者的观点态度必定会在字里行间流露出来,因此,由相关句段里的表达情感状况的形容词或动词往往能把握作者的观点态度,因此主要用关键词推断法。3.作者的态度:此类题目考查作者对某事物是持赞成、赞扬或支持的态度,还是持怀疑、批评或反对的态度;是持乐观、幽默、热情、羡慕或关切的态度,还是持厌恶、担忧、悲观、失望、沮丧或容忍的态度,或是持中立的态度。题干中常含attitude,具体提问方式有:Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto… (2020年全国Ⅰ卷)Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards… (2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷;2017 年全国Ⅲ卷)解答这类题也主要是用关键词推断法考点6:理解文章的基本结构1.判断代词所指信息:设问方式:Whatdoestheunderlinedword “that” inparagraph 2 referto Whodoes “I” refertointhetext What does the underlined word “it” in the paragraph refer to Theunderlinedword “them” inParagraph 2 referstoWelty’s.2.判断名词所指信息:设问方式如:What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in the paragraph refer to 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览