2024年初中英语语法学习之连接副词与关系副词用法

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2024年初中英语语法学习之连接副词与关系副词用法

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2024年初中英语语法学习之连接副词与关系副词用法
关系副词用法
1.关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用,在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。
2.关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。
例如:关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词。
3.关系副词主要有三个,即when,where,why。此外that也可代替关系代词引导代词子句。
4.关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)
例如:where=in which,when=on which,why=for which
这些关系副词在从句中做状语。
Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo
你能告诉我去动物园的路吗 (the way是先行词。)
This is the place where(that) I first met her.
这是我第一次见到她的地方。
在口语中that可以充当关系副词,代替when,why,how,只有先行词是the place时,才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work
B:The sooner (we start),the better (it will be).
我们应该什么时候开始工作 越早越好。
the作关系副词是引导副词子句,句子结构一般为:The+比较级...+the+比较级...,第一个the是关系副词。
5.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行词时可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容词子句,而变成名词子句或副词子句。
中文:这是他出生的地方。
This is where he was born.
where he was born是名词子句。
This is the place where he was born.
where he was born是形容词子句。
中文:我将在第一次见到她的地方见她。
I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.
where I first met her是形容词子句。
I'll meet her where I first met her.
where I first met her是副词子句。
6.关系副词有限定用法,指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。
We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.
我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。
7.关系副词有补述用法,即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句,主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充,前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。
Tom got married the day before yesterday,when it was his birthday too.
汤姆前天结婚了,那天也是他的生日。
8.wherever,whenever,however是复合关系副词,表示"不论",引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句,可加强语气或表示让步。
Wherever he goes,he would bring an umbrella with him.
不论他去那里,他都带着一把雨伞。
关系副词:
用于引出定语从句,且在句中用作状语。
关系副词when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。
例如:Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
That is the reason why he dislikes me.
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals
关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间,where表示地
点,why表示原因。
例如:Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
That is the reason why he dislikes me.
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals
定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形:
关系词有时可以省略,但这只限于限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系词则不可省略。
一、关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。如:
Is there anything (which) you wanted 想要什么东西吗
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to 刚才和你讲话的人是谁
二、关系代词作表语时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。如:
China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)
三、关系代词作宾补时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时,可以省略。如:
I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)
四、关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:
That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
五、关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:
This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时
六、关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略。如:
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
连接副词的句法特征
1.连接副词起对等连接词的作用,连接两个句子或子句。
2.连接副词通常位于子句的句首,有的也可位于句中。
3.有些连接副词的含义彼此相同或相近,在使用时可以互相替换,而不会改变原句的含义。
4.一是它们在构成疑问句时叫疑问词,引导宾语从句时称作引导词。
5.一是它们和that不一样,在从句中有含义,担任相关的句子成分,所以不能省略,另外,它们须放在宾语从句之首,宾语从句必须是陈述句结构。

二、连接副词的特点:
1.连接句子或从句的连接副词
连接副词的性质类似于并列连词,使用时其前通常用分号或句号;
若其前用逗号,则通常带有并列连词(如and)。如:
I don't like it; besides, it's too expensive. 我不喜欢它,而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力,不过我们还是输了。
注意,有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外,有的这类副词还可位于句中或句末:
Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼昨是我们最小的孩子,我们另外还有三个孩子。
He may, however, come later. 不过,他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力,不过我们还是输了。
2.引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等。如:
Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don't know how I can find him. / I don't know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。
Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄到这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。
That's why he speaks English so well. 那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。
注:连接副词why 后不能不定式,如可说 I don't know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开),但不能说 I don't know why to leave。
三、副词的排列顺序
1、时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
2、方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.请慢慢地并细心地写
3、多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
四、副词的作用
1.副词是描绘动作快慢、频率、方式、程度等内容的一类词。
2.副词主要修饰动词和形容词。就像形容词给名词增添许多性质、特征、类别等丰富内容一样,副词给动词和形容词增添十分丰富的关于速度、频率、程度、方式、时间等方面的信息,所以语言有了形容词和副词,描述和描绘功能就大大增强了。
3.副词也有原级、比较级和最高级,其构成和用法与形容词基本相同。
连接副词:
可分为两类,一类是用于连接句子或从句,常见的有therefore, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等;
另一类是用于引导从句或不定式,主要有when, why, where, how等。
例如:We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
Tell me when we shall leave.
I do not know how to find him.
连接副词可分为两类,一类是用于连接句子或从句,常见的有therefore, otherwise,
however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等,另一类是用于引导从句或不定式,主要
有when, why, where, how等。
例如:We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
Tell me when we shall leave.
I do not know how to find him.
五、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
1.连接词:that, whether, if, as if, as though(不充当从句的任何成分,但绝不能省略)
2.连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.
3.连接副词:when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why
六、不可省略的连词用法:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.

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