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(共26张PPT)
初高中衔接 句子成分
Sentence constituent
Learning objectives:
1.通过自主预习，了解各种句子成分。
2.通过课堂练习，学会使用各种句子成分，提高造句能力。
3.通过激情投入，体验学习英语的热情
句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主干成分有主语，谓语，表语、宾语；
修饰成分有定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
主语
定语
宾语
同位语
状语
谓语
一、主语（subject）
是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体。
Jones is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（句子）
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
He likes dancing.
What he needs is a book.
㈡谓语（predicate）
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
（三）系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词）
例如： He is a teacher.
（is与表语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
keep, stay, remain,
例如： He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）感官系动词
feel, smell, sound, taste,look
例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
注意：系动词不用于被动语态.
4）变化系动词
become, grow, turn, get, go,
例如： He became mad after that.
自那之后，他疯了。
（四）表语(predicative)
是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
(五)宾语（object）
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词 ）
　( 代词）
(名词化的形容词)
（不定式）
（动名词）
（句子）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
常见的能带两个宾语的及物动词有：tell, , give, show,offer, teach, bring, lend, buy等。
（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
一感二听三让五看（ feel；hear listen to ;make have；let; see look at watch observe notice）
consider, find, call, get等
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning
He made himself known to them.
特别注意：
1.带名词做宾补的动词有:make, call，consider（看作）
2.带形容词做宾补的动词有：make, find, think，feel
3.带省略to的不定式feel, listen to, hear, make, have, let, see, look at, watch, observe, notice，help等
Eg. We made him monitor(班长).
What he did makes me happy.
Have you seen him pass by
4. 带省略to或现在分词和过去分词做宾补的动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, observe, notice（高中阶段8个单词）
注意：现在分词表示 正在进行的动作；
不定式则表示动作的全过程（陈述）
过去分词表示与宾语是被动关系
We saw the boys playing basketball at that time
We saw the boys play basketball.
We saw an old man knocked down by a car.
（七）定语(attribute)
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel work.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(现在分词)
(过去分词)
（八）状语(adverbial)
状语的功用：状语说明动作发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
（九）同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.
He himself will do the experiment.
He is the oldest among them four.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
名词
代词
数词
从句
Training and Testing
合作探究答案：
1) People (all over the world) speak English.
主语 定语 谓语 宾语
2) The old man (sitting at the gate) said he was ill.
主语 定语 谓语 宾语
3) He began to learn English [when he was eleven].
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
4) The man (on the motorbike) was traveling [ too fast].
主语 定语 谓语 状语
5) [Hearing the news], he couldn’t help jumping.
状语 主语 谓语 宾语
当堂训练答案
1.翻译：
1.He arrived in Beijing yesterday.
2.Your idea sounds great.
3.Mr Wang lent me 50 yuan.
4.The book that you read yesterday is very interesting.
5.I saw Mr Li enter the classroom.
2.分析句子成分答案
（1）What he has said is true. (___________作主语)
（2）She doesn’t seem to like dancing. (___________作谓语)
（3）I don’t feel at ease. (___________作表语)
（4）His spoken language is good. (_______作定语)
（5）He made himself known to them. (______做宾补)
（6）This book is very interesting. (_______作状语)
文章主旨：文章介绍了作者和朋友去玉龙雪山徒步旅行的故事。
（1）without。
（2）everything。
（3）hardly。
（4）passed。
（5）reminded。
（6）sick。
（7）watch。
（8）unforgettable。
（9）days'。
（10）ancient。
Have you ever tried hiking I had my first hiking experience on Jade Dragon Snow Mountain with my friend when I went to Yunnan.
This was the first time I had traveled so far（1） my parents. I was very excited and discussed the plan with my friend almost every week before the trip. Unluckily, not（2） went according to the plan. When we arrived at Lijiang, the weather was not good. It was a cloudy day and we could
（3） see the mountain. My friend and I decided to book a guide to the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain.
The next morning, the guide met us on time at the hotel. We（4） lake on our way to the mountain. The lake was beautiful. There were lots of wild animals. It（5） me of a poem（诗）:"When the winds blow, and grass bends low，sheep and cattle will emerge before your eyes."
ancient more clear day everything forget hardly pass remind sick watch without
without
everything
hardly
passed
reminded
At the foot of the mountain,we could only see mountains，soil and the sky. When we arrived at the top，I started to feel a bit（6） . It was hard for me to take in air. This made it hard to enjoy the view. The guide gave me good advice. He said, "（7） your step instead of thinking about how many steps you have to take." It was not easy，but the experience was（8） . It was nice to see the valley （山谷） from up above when we finished the hike.
During the twenty（9） trip to Yunnan，we climbed the mountains, visited Stone Forest and tried many kinds of food. We also went to lots of（10） towns. Most of them have a history of hundreds of years. It is hard to say which part was the best. Things like this make it so fun to ravel.
sick
watch
unforgettable
days'
ancient

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