2024年初中英语语法专项复习归纳之将来完成时与过去完成时的用法 素材

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2024年初中英语语法专项复习归纳之将来完成时与过去完成时的用法 素材

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2024年初中英语语法专项复习归纳之将来完成时与过去完成时的用法
将来完成时的构成与用法
1.构成:will/shall have+过去分词,表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。注意:常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有。
2、在时间从句和条件从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时,表示将来某时业已完成的动作。
3.将来完成时还可以表示"可能性",或"设想"。

将来完成时概念:
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
· 将来完成时与一般将来时的比较:   
1、有具体的时间状语要用一般将来时。
如:Mr Smith will return home on the first Sunday next month. 史密斯先生将于下月的第一个星期日回家。   
2、将来完成时的时间状语一般用介词by引入。
如:Mr Smith will have returned home by next month. 到下个月史密斯先生将已回到家了。  
典例精析:   
1、They_____on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_____it as no good results have come out so far.  
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working   
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working   
答案:A。   
解析:不难看出第一空的动作发生在I joined them以前,且持续了一个周,应该用过去完成进行时;and now说明下面的动作仍在进行之中,应该用现在进行时。故选A。   
2、Father_____for London on business up on my arrival, so I didn't see him.  
A.has left
B.left
C.was leaving
D.had left   
答案:D。   
解析:由"I didn't see him"可知父亲在我回来以前已经离开,动作发生在过去某个动作以前,故选用过去完成时。  
3、The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_____placed under the Minister's car. 
A. has been
B. had been
C. was being
D. would be 
答案:B。
· 将来完成时的被动语态的概念:
将来完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说将要完成的被动性动作。
· 将来完成时的被动语态的用法:
将来完成时被动语态有两种形式:表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作,用将来完成时的被动语态;
表示从过去看在将来某个时候以前发生的被动动作,用过去将来时的被动语态。
1、一般将来完成时的被动语态:构成:will/shall+have+been+done :
例如:My homework will have been finished when you arrive tomorrow. 明天你到的时候,我的作业会已经做完了。
The problem will have been solved by him. 这个问题将已经被他解决了。
The project will have been completed before July.
This oil field will have been opened by the end of next month. 到下月底为止,这块油田将被开采。
析:该句表示相对于现在来说的下月底这块油田将被开采。
2、过去将来完成时的被动语态:构成:would+have+been+done
例如:He told his mother his homework would have been finished by ten o'clock. 他告诉他妈妈,他的家庭作业十点能完成。
析:该句表示相对于他告诉他妈妈时来说,他的家庭作业将于十点钟被完成。
试比较:This car will have been driven by Smith for five years by next month. 到下个月,这辆汽车将由史密斯驾驶五年了。   
John said the letter would have been finished by supper. 约翰说那封信将在晚饭之前写完。  
【考例】The rice_____if you had been more careful.(MET1988)   
A. would not be burning   
B. would not burn   
C. would not have been burnt   
D. would not burnt
析:本题考查的是过去将来完成时的被动语态,答案为C。
· 将来完成时被动语态与过去将来完成时被动语态用法区别:   
将来完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说将要完成的被动性动作,而过去将来完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说将要完成的被动性动作。  
例如:This oil field will have been opened by the end of next month. 到下月底为止,这块油田将被开采。   
析:该句表示相对于现在来说的下月底这块油田将被开采。  
例如:He told his mother his homework would have been finished by ten o'clock. 他告诉他妈妈,他的家庭作业十点能完成。   
析:该句表示相对于他告诉他妈妈时来说,他的家庭作业将于十点钟被完成。
过去完成时的用法
1. 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样,使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。
2. 当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时,从句也可用一般过去时。

3. 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
4. 在hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。
5.动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。
· 过去完成时与一般过去时:
(1)过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即:过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。
如:He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)
He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)
(2)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时,一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接,此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
如:He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。
(3)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
如:When I heard the news, I was very excited.
(4)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
如:Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in1492.
过去完成时的被动语态
· 过去完成时的被动语态的概念:
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的叠合。表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had+been+过去分词”构成。
· 过去完成时态的被动语态的构成:
1)过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:had + been + done。
如:The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday.
2)过去完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have / has + not + been + done。
如:The task hadn't been finished before 12:00 yesterday.
3)过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将had提到主语的前面。
如:Had the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday
4)过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词 + had+ been + done。
如:What time had the task been finished yesterday
· 过去完成时被动语态的用法:
过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态,句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。
如:We had built five new buildings by the end of last year. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式:
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分
(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分
(3)疑问句结构:had+主语+been done+其他成分;
疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分
过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况:
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。
如:By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting
(2)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。
如:The said the production costs had been reduced.
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。
如:As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
He did what he had been told to.
另:当从句由after,before,when或assoonas引导时,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
如:When he arrived, he called her.
They locked the door before they left.
· 过去完成时与现在完成时被动语态用法区别:   
现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作,过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。  
例如:This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。  
析:该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。   
例如:He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他说这本书已被译成日语。   
析:该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。

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