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2023-2024 学年高二英语上学期第一次月考 B 卷 综合能力达标检测
(考试时间： 120 分钟 试卷满分： 140 分)
(测试范围：上教版 2020+上外版 2020 选择性必修一 Unit 1)
I. Listening Comprehension (25 分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read thefour possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a restaurant. B. At a bank.
C. At a gym. D. At a supermarket.
2. A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Headmaster and chemistry teacher.
C. Doctor and patient. D. Receptionist and hotel guest.
3. A. The man can find his talent by himself.
B. It’s impossible to find one’s hidden talent. C.The book won’t be as good as it is introduced.
D. It’s ridiculous to judge a person by his talent.
4. A. He hasn’t paid the money. B. He arrived late at the airport.
C. There was a strike at the airport. D. He felt it a shame to travel alone.
5. A. Both of them were late for school two weeks ago.
B. The man stayed up studying until the next morning.
C. The man broke up with the woman several days ago.
D. Their schedule was so tight that they studied in the morning.
6. A. The boy’s homework is not as much as he describes.
B. The boy should start doing homework rather than complain.
C. The boy should have finished some homework at school.
D. The boy should complain to his teacher about too much homework.
7. A. Jack’s father is a baseball fan. B. It’s winter in New Zealand.
C. The match will be held in England. D. The man wishes he could play baseball.
8. A. They divorced 20 years ago.
B. They often argue about where to live.
C. They’re used to the character of the partner.
D. They feel regretful for the arguments made during marriage.
9. A. 600. B. 1200.
C. 1800. D. 2400.
10. A. The correct way to wash a sweater. B. The maintenance of a machine.
C. The effect of cycling on cold weather. D. The special way to identify woolen products.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read thefourpossible answers on yourpaper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Future researchers. B. College students.
C. Company employees. D. Successful artists.
12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard. B.To enable the listeners to get better salaries. C.To prepare the listeners to get better jobs.
D.To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities.
13. A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willingness. D. Interest.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.
C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly.
15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory.
C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it.
16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life.
C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It prevents people suffering from cancers.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours.
C. He has been surfing the Internet for long. D. He has been doing school work all night.
18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure. B. To meet new friends in the net chatroom.
C. To release pressure from heavy work. D. To look for information for his project.
19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars.
B. It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet.
C. A lot of information can be found.
D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.
20. A. People spend much time talking about other interests.
B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.
C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.
D. It’s hardly the best source of information available.
II. Grammar and vocabulary (20 分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that bestfits each blank.
When Steve Birkinshaw, the British fell running ( 越野路跑)champion, planned his record- breaking route across the 214 peaks of the Lake District, it took him six months of preparation and all his years of experience to figure out 21 he thought was the perfect path.
Now two physics students from the University of Manchester who had never visited the mountains have produced a 22 (short) route using a computer algorithm.
Mr Birkinshaw, 52, a researcher at Newcastle University who lives in the Lake District, has had an admirable
fell running career, including breaking the 72-year-old record set by Joss Naylor 23 climbing the 214 peaks in the Lake District in only six days and 13 hours in 2014. His record was beaten by seven hours in 2019 by Paul Tierney, who followed Birkinshaw’s carefully mapped route over 512km and 36,000m of climbing.
Mr Birkinshaw, who advised the students, thought 24 would be impossible to improve the route with a computer, ” but they 25 (prove) me wrong“, he said.
“The problem is you change one thing in the route and it’s a domino effect and everything else changes. I would have to spend two to three hours a week for six months 26 (redraw) the route on a computer to work out how long a slight adjustment would change the time 27 now they have the algorithms they can put in all the peaks and find out instantly ”
To figure out their route, the pair used satellite imaging data of the area, with 28 complex data functions were coupled to describe how fest people can move along different routes. This allowed them to work out the energy costs of moving between each peak.
They 29 (feed) all that information into an off-the-shelf solver for the travelling salesman problem, a classic computational science problem for finding out the fastest delivery routes along road networks. Their achievement opens up possibilities to update running records and 30 one day help to deliver aid in badly mapped areas of the world.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A ．marriage B ．hesitation C ． complicated D ．happening E. guilty F. celebrating G. duty H. performed I. famous J. disrespectful K. profited
Hamlet is the most 31 of William Shakespeare’s plays. While you read this article, somewhere there is an actor on a stage pouring out his heart to the audience.
The character of Hamlet has a personal, painful quality that still draws readers and playgoers today as it did 400 years ago. The problems he faces, such as what is 32 and how he should respond to events, are ones we all face in our lives.
Hamlet is the young prince of Denmark. At the beginning, he is sad about his dead father. Everyone else around him is 33 the marriage of his mother Gertrude to her brother-in-law Claudius, the new king. Hamlet
thinks that the short time between the death of his father and the marriage of his mother and uncle is 34 .
Hamlet is told that a spirit has been walking around Elsinore castle. He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius — it was “murder most horrid (可怕的)”! Now, the ghost instructs him, it is his 35 to avenge (报仇).
Hamlet is in a terrible position. He does not know whether the ghost is who he says he is, or a being sent by the devil (魔鬼). Matters are 36 because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet.
Hamlet has a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with horror, proving to hamlet that he is 37 . But Hamlet misses the opportunity to take his
revenge.
He tells Gertrude he hates her 38 to Claudius. During their meeting he kills Polonius, who is the father of his love, Ophelia. Then, Lacerates comes back to the court. He’s heard that his father, Polonius, has been killed, so he wants to kill Hamlet.
Cunning (奸诈的) Claudius attempts to play Lacerates and Hamlet against each other, and in the final scene it all goes horribly wrong.
One 39 speech in the play begins “to be or not to be”: it is about how Hamlet can’t decide whether to get out of his bad situation by killing himself. Hamlet is a thinking man. One who thinks too much in the world where others, like Claudius, show no 40 .
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in thefollowing passage there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that bestfits the context.
The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind: we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. Some people regard a borrowed book as a 41 in the house. It must be treated with care and considerate 42 . Casual attitudes are forbidden. Because the book is borrowed it tolerates no damage which means it must not suffer while 43 . While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important 44 when a flash of creative idea emerge. This is huge 45 to one’s imagination.
46 , your own books belong to you and you can treat them with so much closeness that you are not
afraid to mark it up or to place it in a dirty place. Your own books are there for use, not for 47 . You don’t need to display them in front of others. Private ownership also encourages 48 marking. A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to 49 them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.
Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library, making up his own 50 property. One should have his own bookshelves, which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. They should be free and 51 to the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery to a woman, the best moral 52 to a man is books. They are more varied in colour and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates 53 out of brains of different book writers. The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating. Your body and mind are both 54 . With books at hand, your mind is free to land any 55 or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.
41 ．A ．teacher B ．guest C ．relative D ．servant
42 ．A ．maintenance B ．resolution C ．formality D ．structure
43 ．A ．under your roof B ．on your behalf
C ．beyond your reach D ．within your grasp
44 ．A ．trends B ．goals C ．definitions D ．points
45 ．A ．discipline B ．discouragement C ．relief D ．reminder
46 ．A ．On the other hand B ．In result
C ．Meanwhile D ．Furthermore
47 ．A ．benefit B ．profit C ．show D ．excuse
48 ．A ．meaningful B ．secondary C ．sufficient D ．tough
49 ．A ．stick to B ．refer to C ．devote to D ．adapt to
50 ．A ．imaginative B ．economic C ．intellectual D ．public
51 ．A ．familiar B ．effective C ．flexible D ．accessible
52 ．A ．decoration B ．truth C ．training D ．expense
53 ．A ．simplicity B ．creativity C ．experiment D ．life
54 ．A ．conscious B ．calm C ．wild D ．excited
55 ．A ．purposeful B ．resourceful C ．fresh D ．memorable
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thatfits best according to the information given in the passage you havejust read.
(A)
Literature opens up a new world for the reader. Whenever I feel upset by anything or stressed out about the little or big things in life, going back to my books gives me an escape from the harsh reality I am surrounded with.
For me, English Literature isn’t just reading extensively or collecting knowledge from various sources and assembling them, it is so much more. Since my childhood, I have been fascinated by how the authors, poets, and, more importantly, playwrights convey passion and sentiments. I personally find it so difficult to convey my feelings and emotions in a set of words, but it continues to fascinate me as to how they accomplish to cede their sentiments almost perfectly in a string of words. For example: “Lines along my face, they dull my eyes, yet keep on dying, because I love to live.” She says that by facing the challenges and pain presented by life to her, there are now lines of resignation and sadness on her face. The sufferings given by life are such that her eyes have lost their light and have become dull. Yet the wonders of life give her the power to continue.
What I like the most about literature is that we are shaken out from our comfort zone when we read literary masterpieces. A lot of books may not glorify the protagonists but give an insight into why a particular character behaved in a certain manner.
Being an ardent lover of history, I have always been intrigued by the evolution of English literature over the ages. Take the books by Charles Dickens or Jane Austen for example, you can clearly see they have always shown the other side of the world, the sufferings experienced by the working class. Even their comedies do not feel like comedies at all. However, after the Victorian era ended and Modernism started, the modern literature’s influence (I believe) was WW1 and WW2. When you read “Gone with the Wind” and read about people like Ashley Wilkes, you begin to question the purpose of fighting wars. They have always written of times which transcend their own. They have shown rebellions of their ardors averse to the understandings of the society. These rebellions against the society’s established dogmas have been one of the main themes of the literature of those times. But there is a clear contrast between the Victorian literature and the modern literature. All of the writers always took on the moral code, character and conscience. The evolution of literature is totally unique in its own way.
English Literature has opened my mind towards intellectual activities and has helped to define my feelings and emotions with beautifully weaved words.
56 ．The underlined word “resignation” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A ．dismission B ．retirement C ．happiness D ．obedience
57 ．Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the satisfaction that English literature brought to the author
A ．Adaptability to the status quo. B ．Reflections on the characters’ behaviors.
C ．Relief from the actualities. D ．Knowledge about the times.
58 ．According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A ．The leading character in the literary works outweighs the minor roles in inspiring readers
B ．In the context of a set era, almost all writers have identical literary genre
C ．The end of the Victorian era marked the beginning of questioning the purpose of the battlefield
D ．I find it hard to convey emotions while I was absorbed in the expressiveness of the literature
59 ．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage
A ．How English literature speaks my heart B ．How literary giants help me advance ahead
C ．Why literature is a microcosm of society D ．Why I love studying English Literature
(B)
How to Travel to Machu Picchu
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
* For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
* Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
* Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you`re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
* Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer ( 臭 氧 层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
* Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
60 ．Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose
A ．The Inca Trail. B ．The Apus Peru Trek.
C ．The express Salkantay Trek. D ．The Choquequrao Trek.
61 ．Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu
A ．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.
B ．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.
C ．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for four hours.
D ．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.
62 ．The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by ________.
A ．harmed B ．strengthened
C ．detected D ．lowered
(C)
Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or people’s names Don’t be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.
If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us.
Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us identify it.
This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken” . As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language.
63 ．Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because ______.
A ．not all people are smart enough B ．the main part of the information gets lost
C ．people are too strict with themselves D ．information was processed incompletely
64 ．Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _____.
A ．images recorded by cameras could not be accurate
B ．brain may form an imagery picture without reference
C ．blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movements
D ．the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain
65 ．The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A ．recall B ．change
C ．borrow D ．differ
66 ．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory
A ．Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.
B ．Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds.
C ．Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.
D ．Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Teaching Children about
Forgiveness
If you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway. 67 Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow
up.
It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. 68 Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates the conflict.
Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. 69 Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt How do they get over it Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.
70 For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a
well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from
others in life.
A ．Most times we know mental balance applies towards good health. and since health is wealth, on-the-spot forgiveness is the way to go. B ．Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive and emotional development. C．Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. D ．Later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. E ．Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. F ．Parents teach their children based on their own personal experiences, skillfully making sure their children understand “eye for eye, and tooth for tooth” .
IV. Summary (10 分)
Directions: Read thefollowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible.
Humans Evolved to Be Lonely
Loneliness hurts and, over time, it can put the body into a state that increases our risk of everything from heart attack to diabetes and cancer. So, evolutionarily speaking, why do we experience it Stephanie Cacioppo, a neuroscientist, says that countless studies have helped researchers formulate a holistic( 全 面 的 ) purpose for loneliness.
Being social had its downsides even back then—competition for food, for example, or contribution to the spread of pathogens(病原体). But scientists think we evolved to feel loneliness because it was more important to work with one another to accomplish tasks and protect everyone. “The pain of loneliness drove us to renew the social structure so we could survive and promote key features like trust, cooperation and collective action,” explains Cacioppo.
She says that, for years, researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features” .But now, they’re realizing that it’s more of a biological hunger signal that reminds us when it’s time to reconnect with
those around us to promote our short-term survival. If the outcomes of loncliness were entirely negative, it would no longer be a part of our DNA ．“Hunger and thirst protect our physical body while loneliness protects our social body,” says Cacioppo.
Interestingly, while loneliness sends a signal to the brain that it’s time for connection, at the same time it’s also looking for danger. This “contradictory signal,” according to Cacioppo, reminds us to be careful of whether the people we are connecting with are enemies or friends. She calls this need to be watchful even as we’re socializing a “self-protection mechanism.” That means in situations where you feel lonely even when surrounded by others, you’re subconsciously thinking that this crowd might not be a good evolutionary fit for your survival.
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V. . Translation (15 分)
Directions: Translate thefollowing sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．你愿意投身到这项志愿者活动中吗？ (devote) 73 ．再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。 (enclose) (汉译英) 74．秉承创新理念，老师们原创了各种有挑战的句子，同学们向他们致以由衷的感谢。(variety)(汉译英) 75．不只是这个时代发展变化的趋势， 信息可信度的缺乏更是年轻人陷入网络骗局的主要因素之一。 (as well as) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing (25 分)
Directions：Write an English composition in 120— 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李华，是华文中学的学生会主席，为了丰富同学们的业余生活，提高同学们的英语水平，学生会
组织了一个 English club ，请你写封邀请信，邀请同学们参加，内容应包括：
1. English club 设立的目的
2. English club 要开展的活动
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__________________________________________________________________________________2023-2024 学年高二英语上学期第一次月考 B 卷 综合能力达标检测
(考试时间： 120 分钟 试卷满分： 140 分)
(测试范围：上教版 2020+上外版 2020 选择性必修一 Unit 1)
I. Listening Comprehension (25 分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a restaurant. B. At a bank.
C. At a gym. D. At a supermarket.
2. A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Headmaster and chemistry teacher.
C. Doctor and patient. D. Receptionist and hotel guest.
3. A. The man can find his talent by himself.
B. It’s impossible to find one’s hidden talent. C.The book won’t be as good as it is introduced.
D. It’s ridiculous to judge a person by his talent.
4. A. He hasn’t paid the money. B. He arrived late at the airport.
C. There was a strike at the airport. D. He felt it a shame to travel alone.
5. A. Both of them were late for school two weeks ago.
B. The man stayed up studying until the next morning.
C. The man broke up with the woman several days ago.
D. Their schedule was so tight that they studied in the morning.
6. A. The boy’s homework is not as much as he describes.
B. The boy should start doing homework rather than complain.
C. The boy should have finished some homework at school.
D. The boy should complain to his teacher about too much homework.
7. A. Jack’s father is a baseball fan. B. It’s winter in New Zealand.
C. The match will be held in England. D. The man wishes he could play baseball.
8. A. They divorced 20 years ago.
B. They often argue about where to live.
C. They’re used to the character of the partner.
D. They feel regretful for the arguments made during marriage.
9. A. 600. B. 1200.
C. 1800. D. 2400.
10. A. The correct way to wash a sweater. B. The maintenance of a machine.
C. The effect of cycling on cold weather. D. The special way to identify woolen products.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Future researchers. B. College students.
C. Company employees. D. Successful artists.
12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard. B.To enable the listeners to get better salaries. C.To prepare the listeners to get better jobs.
D.To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities.
13. A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willingness. D. Interest.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.
C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly.
15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory.
C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it.
16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life.
C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It prevents people suffering from cancers.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours.
C. He has been surfing the Internet for long. D. He has been doing school work all night.
18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure. B. To meet new friends in the net chatroom.
C. To release pressure from heavy work. D. To look for information for his project.
19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars.
B. It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet.
C. A lot of information can be found.
D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.
20. A. People spend much time talking about other interests.
B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.
C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.
D. It’s hardly the best source of information available.
【听力答案】
Section A: 1-5 BACCD 6- 10 BACCA
Section B: 11- 13 BCC 14- 16 ADD 17-20 CDCB
II. Grammar and vocabulary (20 分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that bestfits each blank.
(2023 高二上海交大附中校考开学考试)
When Steve Birkinshaw, the British fell running ( 越野路跑)champion, planned his record- breaking route across the 214 peaks of the Lake District, it took him six months of preparation and all his years of experience to
figure out 21 he thought was the perfect path.
Now two physics students from the University of Manchester who had never visited the mountains have produced a 22 (short) route using a computer algorithm.
Mr Birkinshaw, 52, a researcher at Newcastle University who lives in the Lake District, has had an admirable fell running career, including breaking the 72-year-old record set by Joss Naylor 23 climbing the 214 peaks in the Lake District in only six days and 13 hours in 2014. His record was beaten by seven hours in 2019 by Paul Tierney, who followed Birkinshaw’s carefully mapped route over 512km and 36,000m of climbing.
Mr Birkinshaw, who advised the students, thought 24 would be impossible to improve the route with a computer, ” but they 25 (prove) me wrong“, he said.
“The problem is you change one thing in the route and it’s a domino effect and everything else changes. I would have to spend two to three hours a week for six months 26 (redraw) the route on a computer to work out how long a slight adjustment would change the time 27 now they have the algorithms they can put in all the peaks and find out instantly ”
To figure out their route, the pair used satellite imaging data of the area, with 28 complex data functions were coupled to describe how fest people can move along different routes. This allowed them to work out the energy costs of moving between each peak.
They 29 (feed) all that information into an off-the-shelf solver for the travelling salesman problem, a classic computational science problem for finding out the fastest delivery routes along road networks. Their achievement opens up possibilities to update running records and 30 one day help to deliver aid in badly mapped areas of the world.
【答案】
21 ．what 22 ．shorter 23 ．by 24 ．it 25 ．have proved 26 ．redrawing 27 ．but
28 ．which 29 ．fed 30 ．could
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了物理系学生找到了一条去湖区跑步的捷径。
21．考查名词性从句。句意：当英国越野路跑冠军史蒂夫 ·伯金肖计划他的破纪录路线——跨越湖区 214 座 山峰时， 他花了 6 个月的准备时间和所有多年的经验， 才找到了他认为最完美的路线。动词figure out 后接 宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词 what 引导。故填 what。
22．考查形容词比较级。句意：现在，来自曼彻斯特大学的两名从未去过这些山脉的物理系学生用计算机
算法绘制出了一条更短的路线。结合句意可知，名词 route 前用形容词比较级形式修饰。故填shorter 。 23．考查介词。句意：现年 52 岁的伯金肖是纽卡斯尔大学的一名研究人员，住在湖区，他有着令人钦佩的 跑步生涯， 包括在 2014 年打破了由乔斯· 内勒创造的 72 年前的记录， 他在 6 天 13 小时内爬上了湖区的 214 座山峰。动名词 climbing 前用介词形式。结合句意，表示“通过”之意，用介词 by。故填 by。
24 ．考查代词。句意：柏金肖先生为学生们提供建议，他认为用电脑来改进路线是不可能的， “但他们最终 证明我错了”，他说。It is +形容词+to do sth.做某事是 …… 的，it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填 it。
25 ．考查时态。句意：柏金肖先生为学生们提供建议，他认为用电脑来改进路线是不可能的， “但他们最终 证明我错了”，他说。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时， 主语为 they，助动词用 have。故填have proved。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：在六个月的时间里，我必须每周花两到三个小时在电脑上重新绘制路线，以 计算出轻微的调整会改变时间多长时间， 但现在他们有了算法， 可以输入所有的高峰， 并立即找出答案。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填 redrawing。
27．考查连词。句意：在六个月的时间里，我必须每周花两到三个小时在电脑上重新绘制路线，以计算出
轻微的调整会改变时间多长时间，但现在他们有了算法，可以输入所有的高峰，并立即找出答案。前后句 之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词 but。故填but。
28．考查定语从句。句意：为了弄清楚他们的路线，这对搭档使用了该地区的卫星成像数据，并将复杂的 数据函数与之耦合，以描述人们如何沿着不同的路线移动。句中先行词为 data，在定语从句中作介词with 的宾语，所以用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
29．考查时态。句意：他们将所有这些信息输入到一个现成的旅行推销员问题求解器中，这是一个经典的 计算科学问题，用于找出沿着道路网络的最快运输路线。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填 fed。
30．考查情态动词。句意：他们的成就为更新跑步记录提供了可能性，并有一天可以帮助在世界上地图不 好的地区提供援助。根据动词 help 可知，前用情态动词。 could 可以表示将来的可能性。故填could。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(2023上海浦东新区 · 高二统考开学考试)
A ．marriage B ．hesitation C ． complicated D ．happening E. guilty F. celebrating
G. duty H. performed I. famous J. disrespectful K. profited
Hamlet is the most 31 of William Shakespeare’s plays. While you read this article, somewhere there is an actor on a stage pouring out his heart to the audience.
The character of Hamlet has a personal, painful quality that still draws readers and playgoers today as it did 400 years ago. The problems he faces, such as what is 32 and how he should respond to events, are ones we all face in our lives.
Hamlet is the young prince of Denmark. At the beginning, he is sad about his dead father. Everyone else around him is 33 the marriage of his mother Gertrude to her brother-in-law Claudius, the new king. Hamlet thinks that the short time between the death of his father and the marriage of his mother and uncle is 34 .
Hamlet is told that a spirit has been walking around Elsinore castle. He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius — it was “murder most horrid (可怕的)”! Now, the ghost instructs him, it is his 35 to avenge (报仇).
Hamlet is in a terrible position. He does not know whether the ghost is who he says he is, or a being sent by the devil (魔鬼). Matters are 36 because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet.
Hamlet has a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with horror, proving to hamlet that he is 37 . But Hamlet misses the opportunity to take his
revenge.
He tells Gertrude he hates her 38 to Claudius. During their meeting he kills Polonius, who is the father of his love, Ophelia. Then, Lacerates comes back to the court. He’s heard that his father, Polonius, has been killed, so he wants to kill Hamlet.
Cunning (奸诈的) Claudius attempts to play Lacerates and Hamlet against each other, and in the final scene it all goes horribly wrong.
One 39 speech in the play begins “to be or not to be”: it is about how Hamlet can’t decide whether to get out of his bad situation by killing himself. Hamlet is a thinking man. One who thinks too much in the world where others, like Claudius, show no 40 .
【答案】
31 ．H 32 ．D 33 ．F 34 ．J 35 ．G 36 ．C 37 ．E 38 ．A 39 ．I 40 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》的故事梗概，讲述了主人公哈姆雷特
的遭遇和复仇之路。
31 ．考查动词 。句意 ：《 哈姆雷特 》是莎士 比亚戏剧 中表演最 多 的一部 。结合 “Hamlet” 和 “William Shakespeare’s plays”可知，表演戏剧《哈姆雷特》，动词 perform (表演)符合句意，是非谓语动词， 和逻辑主 语 Hamlet 是被动关系，用过去分词形式 performed。故选 H 项。
32．考查动词。句意：他面临的问题，比如正在发生的事情，以及他应该如何应对事件，都是我们生活中 面临的问题。事情在发生，动词 happen (发生)符合句意，是从句谓语动词，主动语态，结合 is 可知，该空 用现在分词形式 happening 与is 一起构成现在进行时。故选 D 项。
33 ．考查动词。句意：他周围的其他人都在庆祝他的母亲格特鲁德与她的妹夫、新国王克劳迪斯的结婚。 结合“the marriage”可知， 庆祝他人结婚， 动词 celebrate (庆祝)符合句意， 是谓语动词， 主动语态， 结合 is 可 知，该空用现在分词形式 celebrating 与is 一起构成现在进行时。故选 F 项。
34 ．考查形容词。句意：哈姆雷特认为，从父亲去世到母亲和叔叔结婚之间的短暂时间是不尊重的行为。 父亲没死多久， 叔叔和母亲结婚， 是一种不尊重的行为， 形容词 disrespectful (不尊重的)符合句意， 作表语。 故选 J 项。
35．考查名词。句意：现在， 鬼魂指示他， 复仇是他的职责。由上文“Hemeets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brother Claudius — it was “murder most horrid (可怕的)”! (他遇到了鬼魂， 它说他的父亲被杀 了， 而他的兄弟克劳迪斯——这是“最可怕的谋杀”！)”可知， 父亲被叔叔所杀， 复仇是哈姆雷特的职责， 名 词 duty (职责)符合句意，作表语。故选 G 项。
36．考查形容词。句意：事情很复杂，因为克劳迪斯怀疑他的侄子。由下文“because Claudius is suspicious of his nephew. There is a cat-and-mouse game played between the king and Hamlet. (因为克劳迪斯怀疑他的侄子。 国王和哈姆雷特玩了一场猫捉老鼠的游戏)”可知， 事情很复杂， 形容词 complicated (复杂的)符合句意， 作表 语。故选 C 项。
37．考查形容词。句意：克劳迪斯的反应十分恐怖， 向哈姆雷特证明他有罪。由上文“Hamlethas a play performed for the king which stages the way the ghost told him of his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with horror (哈姆雷特 为国王表演了一出戏， 上演了鬼魂告诉他父亲被谋杀的故事。克劳迪斯的反应十分恐怖)”可知， 从克劳迪斯 的反应看，他杀了哈姆雷特的父亲，形容词 guilty (有罪的)符合句意，作表语。故选 E 项。
38 ．考查名词。句意：他告诉格特鲁德他讨厌她和克劳迪斯的婚姻。由上文语境可知，母亲嫁给杀父仇人， 哈姆雷特应该是讨厌母亲的婚姻的，名词 marriage (婚姻)符合句意，作宾语。故选 A 项。
39．考查形容词。句意：剧中一个著名的演讲以“生存或不生存”开头：这是关于哈姆雷特如何无法决定是否
通过自杀来摆脱困境。由下文“to be or not to be (生存还是死亡)”可知，这句话很有名， 形容词 famous (著名 的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词speech。故选 I 项。
40．考查名词。句意：在这个世界上， 有想太多的人， 也有像克劳迪斯这样不犹豫的人。由上文“Hamletis a thinking man. (哈姆雷特是一个有思想的人)”可知， 与哈姆雷特形成对比， 克劳迪斯对于“生存还是死亡”的回 答，不会犹犹豫豫，名词 hesitation (犹豫)符合句
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分)
Section A
(2022 秋 · 上海松江 · 高二统考开学考试) The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind: we enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are borrowed. Some people regard a borrowed book as a 41 in the house. It must be treated with care and considerate 42 . Casual attitudes are forbidden. Because the book is borrowed it tolerates no damage which means it must not suffer while 43 . While reading the book, you are not allowed to make any mark or underline the important 44 when a flash of creative idea emerge. This is huge 45 to one’s imagination.
46 , your own books belong to you and you can treat them with so much closeness that you are not afraid to mark it up or to place it in a dirty place. Your own books are there for use, not for 47 . You don’t need to display them in front of others. Private ownership also encourages 48 marking. A good reason for marking instructive passages in books is that this practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to 49 them quickly and then review them more frequently in the future.
Given the importance of owned books to a man, everyone should begin collecting a private library, making up his own 50 property. One should have his own bookshelves, which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. They should be free and 51 to the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery to a woman, the best moral 52 to a man is books. They are more varied in colour and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates 53 out of brains of different book writers. The knowledge that books are in plain view is also stimulating. Your body and mind are both 54 . With books at hand, your mind is free to land any 55 or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.
41 ．A ．teacher B ．guest C ．relative D ．servant
42 ．A ．maintenance B ．resolution C ．formality D ．structure
43 ．A ．under your roof B ．on your behalf
C． beyond your reach D． within your grasp
44 ．A． trends B． goals C． definitions D． points
45 ．A． discipline B． discouragement C． relief D． reminder
46 ．A． On the other hand B． In result
C． Meanwhile D． Furthermore
47 ．A． benefit B． profit C． show D． excuse
48 ．A． meaningful B． secondary C． sufficient D． tough
49 ．A． stick to B． refer to C． devote to D． adapt to
50 ．A． imaginative B． economic C． intellectual D． public
51 ．A． familiar B． effective C． flexible D． accessible
52 ．A． decoration B． truth C． training D． expense
53 ．A． simplicity B． creativity C． experiment D． life
54 ．A． conscious B． calm C． wild D． excited
55 ．A． purposeful B． resourceful C． fresh D． memorable
【答案】
41 ．B 42 ．C 43 ．A 44 ．D 45 ．B 46 ．A 47 ．C 48 ．A 49 ．B 50 ．C
51 ．D 52 ．A 53 ．B 54 ．D 55 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阅读的习惯是人类最伟大的资源之一，我们喜欢读那些属于我们自己的书，而
不是借来的书。文章主要说明了如何对待借来的书和自己的书，以及阅读的一些益处。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人把借来的书当作家里的客人。 A. teacher 老师； B. guest 客人； C. relative 亲戚；D. servant 仆人。根据“It must be treated with care and considerate ”可知， 对待借来的书就好像它是客人， 故选 B。
42 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它必须以谨慎和彬彬有礼地对待。 A. maintenance 维护；B. resolution 决议；
C. formality 正式性，礼节；D. structure 结构。根据“Casual attitudes are forbidden.”可知，此处指用谨慎和彬 彬有礼来对待借来的书。故选 C。
43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为这本书是借来的，所以它不能损坏，这意味着它在你的家里不能受到 损害。 A. under your roof 在你的屋檐下； B. on your behalf 代表你；C. beyond your reach 你无法企及；D. within your grasp 你的掌握之中。根据“Some people regard a borrowed book as a 1 in the house. ”可知，
借来的书不允许在你家里被损坏。故选 A。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阅读本书的过程中，当你灵光乍现时，你不允许在要点上做任何标记或 划下下划线。 A. trends 趋势；B. goals 目标；C. definitions 定义；D. points 点。根据“make any mark or underline the important ”可知，是在要点下划线，故选 D。
45 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对一个人的想象力是巨大的阻止。A. discipline 纪律；B. discouragement 阻止、挫折；C. relief 缓解；D. reminder 提醒。根据“to one’s imagination.”并结合上文说借来的书不能在上 面做标记可知，不能做标记画要点是对想象力的阻止，故选 B。
46．考查短语和副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，你自己的书属于你，你可以如此亲密地对待它们，你不 怕在它上面做标记或把它放在一个肮脏的地方。A. On the other hand 另一方面；B. In result 结果； C. Meanwhile 与此同时；D. Furthermore 而且。上文陈述如何对待借来的书，本段讲如何对待自己的书，因此 这是另一方面的问题。故选 A。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你自己的书是用来使用的，不是用来炫耀的。你不需要在别人面前展示它 们。 A. benefit 好处；B. profit 利润；C. show 展示；D. excuse 借口。根据“Your own books are there for use”可 知，自己的书不是用来炫耀的，故选 C。
48 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拥有书也鼓励有意义的标记。 A. meaningful 有意义的；B. secondary 其次 的；C. sufficient 充足的；D. tough 艰难的。根据“A good reason for marking”可知，自己的书上可以做有意义 的标记，故选 A。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在书中标记有教育意义的段落的一个很好的理由是，这种做法可以让你更 容易地记住重要的谚语，更快地查阅，然后在将来更频繁地复习它们。 A. stick to 坚持；B. refer to 查阅；C. devote to 致力于；D. adapt to 适应。根据“enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings”可知，书 中的标记可以让你快速查阅，故选 B。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鉴于拥有的书对一个人的重要性，每个人都应该开始收集一个私人图书 馆，构成他自己的知识财产。A. imaginative 有想象力的；B. economic 经济的；C. intellectual 智力的、知识 的； D. public 公开的。根据“ should begin collecting a private library”可知，书是知识财产，故选 C。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们应该是自由的， 手和眼睛都可以接触到。 A. familiar 熟悉的；B. effective 有效的；C. flexible 灵活的；D. accessible 可达到的。根据“which should not be having doors, glass windows, or keys. ”可知，书架应该是容易接触到，故选 D 。 52 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像珠宝之于女人一样，书籍是男人最好的道德装饰。 A. decoration 装饰； B. truth 事实；C. training 训练；D. expense 花费。根据“Like the jewellery to a woman,”可知，书对于男人来说 是道德装饰，故选 A。
53 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的多样性表明了不同作家大脑的创造力。 A. simplicity 简洁；B. creativity 创造力；C. experiment 实验；D. life 人生。根据“Their variety indicates”可知，作家创造力使书籍多样性，故 选 B。
54 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的身心都是兴奋的。A. conscious 有意识的；B. calm 平静的；C. wild 野的；D. excited 兴奋的。根据“With books at hand, your mind is free to land any 15 or even strange possibility, which eventually gives birth to new discoveries or inventions.”可知，有书，你的身心是兴奋 的，故选 D。
55 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了书在手，你的大脑就可以自由地思考任何新鲜甚至奇怪的可能性， 最终产生新的发现或发明。A. purposeful 有明确目标的；B. resourceful 足智多谋的；C. fresh 新鲜的；D. memorable 难忘的。根据“or even strange possibility”可知，有了属于自己的书，你的大脑是自由的，这样可 以产生很多新的想法。故选 C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thatfits best according to the information given in the passage you havejust read.
(A)
(2023 高二华师大二附中校考阶段练习) Literature opens up a new world for the reader. Whenever I feel upset by anything or stressed out about the little or big things in life, going back to my books gives me an escape from the harsh reality I am surrounded with.
For me, English Literature isn’t just reading extensively or collecting knowledge from various sources and assembling them, it is so much more. Since my childhood, I have been fascinated by how the authors, poets, and, more importantly, playwrights convey passion and sentiments. I personally find it so difficult to convey my feelings and emotions in a set of words, but it continues to fascinate me as to how they accomplish to cede their sentiments almost perfectly in a string of words. For example: “Lines along my face, they dull my eyes, yet keep on dying, because I love to live.” She says that by facing the challenges and pain presented by life to her, there are now lines of resignation and sadness on her face. The sufferings given by life are such that her eyes have lost their light and have become dull. Yet the wonders of life give her the power to continue.
What I like the most about literature is that we are shaken out from our comfort zone when we read literary masterpieces. A lot of books may not glorify the protagonists but give an insight into why a particular character
behaved in a certain manner.
Being an ardent lover of history, I have always been intrigued by the evolution of English literature over the ages. Take the books by Charles Dickens or Jane Austen for example, you can clearly see they have always shown the other side of the world, the sufferings experienced by the working class. Even their comedies do not feel like comedies at all. However, after the Victorian era ended and Modernism started, the modern literature’s influence (I believe) was WW1 and WW2. When you read “Gone with the Wind” and read about people like Ashley Wilkes, you begin to question the purpose of fighting wars. They have always written of times which transcend their own. They have shown rebellions of their ardors averse to the understandings of the society. These rebellions against the society’s established dogmas have been one of the main themes of the literature of those times. But there is a clear contrast between the Victorian literature and the modern literature. All of the writers always took on the moral code, character and conscience. The evolution of literature is totally unique in its own way.
English Literature has opened my mind towards intellectual activities and has helped to define my feelings and emotions with beautifully weaved words.
56 ．The underlined word “resignation” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A ．dismission B ．retirement C ．happiness D ．obedience
57 ．Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the satisfaction that English literature brought to the author
A ．Adaptability to the status quo. B ．Reflections on the characters’ behaviors.
C ．Relief from the actualities. D ．Knowledge about the times.
58 ．According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A ．The leading character in the literary works outweighs the minor roles in inspiring readers
B ．In the context of a set era, almost all writers have identical literary genre
C ．The end of the Victorian era marked the beginning of questioning the purpose of the battlefield
D ．I find it hard to convey emotions while I was absorbed in the expressiveness of the literature
59 ．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage
A ．How English literature speaks my heart B ．How literary giants help me advance ahead
C ．Why literature is a microcosm of society D ．Why I love studying English Literature
【答案】 56 ．D 57 ．A 58 ．B 59 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者喜欢英国文学的原因。
56．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“She says that by facing the challenges and pain presented by life to her, there are now lines of resignation and sadness on her face. The sufferings given by life are such that her eyes have lost their light and have become dull. (她说， 面对生活给她带来的挑战和痛苦， 她的脸上现在有了resignation 和悲伤的 线条。生活的苦难使她的眼睛失去了光彩， 变得暗淡无光)”可知， 生活的苦难让她的眼睛变得暗淡无光。由 此可知，面对挑战和痛苦她对生活变得顺从。因此猜测，划线词意为“顺从”，与 obedience 同义。故选 D。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Whenever I feel upset by anything or stressed out about the little or big things in life, going back to my books gives me an escape from the harsh reality I am surrounded with.(每当我为生活中的 小事或大事感到心烦意乱或压力很大时， 回到我的书中让我逃离我所包围的残酷现实)”可知， 英国文学能让 作者从现实中解脱出来；根据第二段的“I personally find it so difficult to convey my feelings and emotions in a set of words, but it continues to fascinate me as to how they accomplish to cede their sentiments almost perfectly in a string of words. (我个人觉得很难用一组文字来表达我的感受和情绪， 但他们是如何在一串文字中几乎完美地 表达自己的情感的， 这一直让我着迷)”可知， 英国文学让作者对人物进行反思；根据第四段的“What I like the most about literature is that we are shaken out from our comfort zone when we read literary masterpieces. (我最喜 欢文学的一点是， 当我们阅读文学名著时， 我们会从自己的舒适区中挣脱出来)”可知， 英国文学让作者走出 自己的舒适区；根据倒数第二段的“Being an ardent lover of history, I have always been intrigued by the evolution of English literature over the ages. (作为一个狂热的历史爱好者， 我一直对英国文学的历史演变很感兴趣)”可 知， 英国文学让作者了解时代的知识。 A 项“Adaptability to the status quo.(对现状的适应)”文章没有提到。故 选 A。
58．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Take the books by Charles Dickens or Jane Austen for example, you can clearly see they have always shown the other side of the world, the sufferings experienced by the working class.(以 查尔斯 ·狄更斯或简 · 奥斯汀的书为例， 你可以清楚地看到他们总是展示世界的另一面， 工人阶级所经历的苦 难)”和“They have always written of times which transcend their own. They have shown rebellions of their ardors averse to the understandings of the society. These rebellions against the society’s established dogmas have been one of the main themes of the literature of those times.(他们总是写超越他们自己的时代。他们对社会的理解表 现出了热情的叛逆。这些对社会既定教条的反叛一直是那个时代文学的主题之一)”推知， 在一个固定的时代 背景下，几乎所有的作家都有相同的文学体裁。故选 B。
59．主旨大意题。通读全文， 并结合第一段的“Literature opens up a new world for the reader.(文学为读者打开 了一个新世界)”，第二段的“For me, English Literature isn’t just reading extensively or collecting knowledge from various sources and assembling them, it is so much more.(对我来说，英国文学不仅仅是广泛阅读或从各种来源 收集知识并将它们组合起来， 它要多得多)”，第三段的“What I like the most about literature is that we are shaken
out from our comfort zone when we read literary masterpieces. (我最喜欢文学的一点是， 当我们阅读文学名著时， 我们会从自己的舒适区中挣脱出来)”，第四段的“Being an ardent lover of history, I have always been intrigued by the evolution of English literature over the ages. (作为一个狂热的历史爱好者，我一直对英国文学的历史演变 很感兴趣)”，以及最后一段“English Literature has opened my mind towards intellectual activities and has helped to define my feelings and emotions with beautifully weaved words.(英国文学打开了我对智力活动的思维，并帮助 我用优美的文字来定义我的感受和情感)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者喜欢英国文学的原因。故选 D。
(B)
(2023春高二上海市吴淞中学校考阶段练习)
How to Travel to Machu Picchu
Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca (印加). Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (堡垒) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.
Hiking to Machu Picchu
* The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping).
* For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu.
* Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every
year for regular maintenance.
Tips for Visiting
* Getting Acclimated (适应水土): Where you`re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air.
* Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours.
*Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer ( 臭 氧 层) over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.
* Don’t bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends.
60 ．Andy is a college student majoring in archaeology. He is also a keen lover of extreme sports and a seasoned hiker eager to explore the unbeaten track. Now he is considering hiking to Machu Picchu this Christmas. Which of the following routes is he most likely to choose
A ．The Inca Trail. B ．The Apus Peru Trek.
C ．The express Salkantay Trek. D ．The Choquequrao Trek.
61 ．Which of the following information is TRUE for travelers to Machu Piccu
A ．Vigorous exercise isn’t recommended during the hike for fear of altitude sickness.
B ．Visitors should bring rain jackets or umbrellas due to the changeable weather there.
C ．Visitors can enter the site anytime during the opening hours and stay for four hours.
D ．Tour guide services are necessary for individual and group visitors to enter the site.
62 ．The underlined word “compromised” can be best replaced by ________.
A ．harmed B ．strengthened
C ．detected D ．lowered
【答案】 60 ．D 61 ．D 62 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去马丘比丘旅游的一些攻略。
60 ．推理判断题。根据题干， Andy 是一个主修考古学的大学生， 他喜欢极限运动， 他还是一位经验丰富的 徒步旅行者。根据“Hiking to Machu Picchu”下面的“Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu.(对考古感兴趣的旅行者应该考虑马丘比丘延伸出来的Choquequirao Trek。这一行程包括在人迹罕至 的、陡峭的阿普里马克峡谷进行壮观的徒步旅行， 以及在前往马丘比丘之前探索乔昆丘拉考古遗址。)”可知， Choquequirao 有考古遗址，而且在前往马丘比丘的途中需要经过人迹罕至的、陡峭的峡谷，这些能够满足 Andy 的考古和进行极限运动的爱好，所以他最有可能选择 Choquequirao Trek。故选 D。
61 ．细节理解题 。根据倒数第三段 中 的“If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through an travel agency, all services should be included.(如果你是独自旅行， 你可以购买个人门票， 但你应该注意，在进入景点之前，你需要雇用一名当地导游。如果你通过旅行社预订了旅游套餐，那么所 有服务都应包括在内。 )”可知，个人购买门票时被要求雇用当地导游，而购买旅行套餐的人享受所有服务。 可知“导游服务对于个人和团体游客都是有必要的”是正确的。故选 D。
62．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen.(再加上海拔高度，太阳会非常强烈，所以戴上帽子，使用防晒系数高的防 晒霜。 )”可知， 这里的阳光强烈， 所以紫外线强度高， 由此可知， 这里的用来吸收紫外线的臭氧层遭到破坏， 所以不足以抵挡紫外线。 compromised 表示“受到损害”，与 harmed 的意思最为接近。故选 A。
(C)
(2022 秋 · 上海松江 · 高二统考开学考试) Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or people’s names Don’t be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.
If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images
you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own
eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us.
Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us identify it.
This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken” . As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language.
63 ．Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because ______.
A ．not all people are smart enough B ．the main part of the information gets lost
C ．people are too strict with themselves D ．information was processed incompletely
64 ．Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _____.
A ．images recorded by cameras could not be accurate
B ．brain may form an imagery picture without reference
C ．blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movements
D ．the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain
65 ．The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A ．recall B ．change
C ．borrow D ．differ
66 ．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory
A ．Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.
B ．Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds.
C ．Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.
D ．Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new.
【答案】 63 ．D 64 ．D 65 ．A 66 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人们对过去事件的回忆可能与实际发生的情况不同，这是因
为我们的记忆只是存储了我们对经历的解释，并不能精确地表达我们真实经历的事情。。
63 ．细节理解题 。根据第一段 中 “In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. (事实上，我们所有的经历都是基于我们的大脑对从感官接收到的信 息的解释方式。存储所有这些信息是不可能的， 所以有些信息会丢失。剩下的部分构成了我们的记忆。 )”可 知，因为我们的大脑每天处理大量信息，无法存储所有信息，因此一些信息会丢失，只有部分信息构成我 们的记忆。有时人们记住的事情与实际发生的情况大不相同，因为信息处理不完整。故选 D 。 64．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. (如果你曾经尝试用数码相机拍摄自己 的短片，你会注意到你记录的图像通常是模糊的。当我们用自己的眼睛看到东西时，为了防止同样的事情 发生，我们的大脑总是在填补空白。)”以及后文的“Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange.(在我们的眼睛还没来得及聚焦在一个物体上， 我们的大脑就已经形成了它自己的图像， 这样 我们就可以顺利地从一件事转移到另一件事， 而不会觉得世界很奇怪。 )”可知， 数码相机拍摄短片的过程就 如同人类眼睛看到模糊的东西，需要人类的大脑对视觉进行补充，填补空白，这样能够看清物体，然后可 以顺利地从一件事转移到另一件事。故作者之所以以数码相机上的短片为例，作者认为视觉过程是大脑的 解释性建构。故选 D。
65．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. (正如我们上面所讨论的， 我们的感官并不总是能准确地看到事物，所以我们的记忆就是我们储存对这些经历的解释的方式。 )”可知， 我们存储的记忆实际上是对过往经历的解释。同时根据划线词后面的内容“This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us identify it.(这意味着我们经常不记得事情的细 节，而只记得重要的部分。当我们看某样东西的时候，我们通常不会真的仔细看它，而只是看那些帮助我 们识别它的不同暗示。 )”可知， 当我们接受新的体验时， 大脑就会调动记忆中存储的信息， 即让我们想起记
忆中的信息即一些重要的按时， 来识别当前的新经验。故划线的句子表示“大脑会使用我们从记忆中所想起
的信息作为参考，从而来识别新的事物。 ”。故划线词与 A 选项“recall”为同义词，意为“回忆起”。故选 A。 66 ．推理判 断题 。根据倒数第 二段 中 “As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. (正如我们上面讨论过的， 我们的感官并不总是准确地看到事物， 所以我们的记忆只是我们对这些经历的解释的存储方式。 )”可知， 记 忆只是我们存储经历过信息的方式，它存储的信息并不完全就是我们所经历的所有的一切，因为我们的感 官并不总是准确地看到事物，正是因为这种不准确，所以导致记忆并不一定就是感官所经历的东西。故 A 选项与文章内容表述不符。故选 A。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
(2023春 · 高二上海市七宝中学校考开学考试)
Teaching Children about Forgiveness
If you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway. 67 Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow
up.
It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. 68 Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates the conflict.
Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. 69 Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt How do they get over it Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.
70 For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.
A ．Most times we know mental balance applies towards good health. and since health is wealth, on-the-spot forgiveness is the way to go. B ．Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive and emotional development. C．Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. D ．Later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. E ．Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. F ．Parents teach their children based on their own personal experiences, skillfully making sure their children understand “eye for eye, and tooth for tooth” .
【答案】 67 ．D 68 ．C 69 ．E 70 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在孩子眼里“原谅”这一过程的特征， 以及作为父母应如何教导孩
子学会原谅。
67．根据上文“At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway. (有时，我们想知道我们为什 么要原谅别人)”后文“Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.(事实上， 在我们成长的过程中， 我们需要很多年才能理解原谅的意义)”可知， 事实上需要很多年我们才能理解原谅的 含义。由此推知， 有时我们认为自己原谅了别人， 但自己却经历了不开心。 D 项“Later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger.(后来， 我们可能认为我们已经原谅了他们， 但却经历 了突然爆发的愤怒)”符合题意， later 呼应上文 at times，且选项与下文承接自然。故选 D。
68．根据上文“It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. (当朋友对孩子做了一些不友好的事情时， 孩子可能会感到受伤或生气， 这是可以理解的)”结合空后 说孩子想要报复伤害他/她的朋友推知， 空处应承接上文， 举例陈述一些不友好的事情。 C 项“Maybethe friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets.(也许 朋友说了一些不友好的话，或者打破了一些珍贵的东西，让他们感到尴尬，排斥他们，或者泄露了他们的 秘密)”符合题意。故选 C。
69．根据上文“Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. (父母在教育孩子宽恕方 面可以发挥重要作用)”可知， 父母在教育孩子原谅方面起着榜样的作用。由此推知， 下文陈述当有人对孩子
做了不友善的事情时，他们会看父母的反应。E 项“Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind.(当有人做了不友善的事情时，孩子们会观察他们生命中重要的成年人 是如何回应的)”符合题意， adults 呼应上文 parents。故选 E。
70 ． 根 据 下 文 “For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.(例如， 孩子们需要明白人无完人， 所以慷慨地原谅一个善意的朋友是一件关心的事情。如果父 母能帮助孩子多从别人的角度看问题， 这就会让他们更容易原谅。这些对话可以改变孩子们对宽恕的看法， 并帮助他们在生活中不可避免地遭受他人的伤害和不公平待遇时从情感上恢复过来)”可知，父母可以在适当 的时候和孩子谈论原谅， 这不仅能让他们明事理， 还能在受到不公平待遇时尽快恢复。 B 项“Sometimesparents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive and emotional development.(有时候， 父母可以根据孩子的认知和情感发展阶段来和他们的孩子谈论宽恕)”符合题意， 下文 是对选项内容的举例说明。故选 B。
IV. Summary (10 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
(2023春高二华师大二附中校考阶段练习)
Humans Evolved to Be Lonely
Loneliness hurts and, over time, it can put the body into a state that increases our risk of everything from heart attack to diabetes and cancer. So, evolutionarily speaking, why do we experience it Stephanie Cacioppo, a neuroscientist, says that countless studies have helped researchers formulate a holistic( 全 面 的 ) purpose for loneliness.
Being social had its downsides even back then—competition for food, for example, or contribution to the spread of pathogens(病原体). But scientists think we evolved to feel loneliness because it was more important to work with one another to accomplish tasks and protect everyone. “The pain of loneliness drove us to renew the social structure so we could survive and promote key features like trust, cooperation and collective action,” explains Cacioppo.
She says that, for years, researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features” .But
now, they’re realizing that it’s more of a biological hunger signal that reminds us when it’s time to reconnect with those around us to promote our short-term survival. If the outcomes of loncliness were entirely negative, it would no longer be a part of our DNA ．“Hunger and thirst protect our physical body while loneliness protects our social body,” says Cacioppo.
Interestingly, while loneliness sends a signal to the brain that it’s time for connection, at the same time it’s also looking for danger. This “contradictory signal,” according to Cacioppo, reminds us to be careful of whether the people we are connecting with are enemies or friends. She calls this need to be watchful even as we’re socializing a “self-protection mechanism.” That means in situations where you feel lonely even when surrounded by others, you’re subconsciously thinking that this crowd might not be a good evolutionary fit for your survival.
【答案】Loneliness hurts and the pain of it drove us to renew the social structure so we could survive. That is why researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features. While loneliness sends a signal for the brain to look for connection and danger at the same time, it reminds us to be careful in establishing connections.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，孤独会让人痛苦，这种痛苦驱使我们更新社会结构，以便我们 能够生存并促进信任、合作和集体行动等关键特征， 研究人员认为孤独是一种“没有补偿特征的疾病”，并告
诫人们在孤独时要小心与我们联系的人是敌人还是朋友。
【详解】 1 要点摘录①Loneliness hurts. ②The pain of loneliness drove us to renew the social structure so we could survive.
③Researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features” .
④While loneliness sends a signal to the brain that it’s time for connection, at the same time it’s also looking for danger. ⑤This “contradictory signal” reminds us to be careful of whether the people we are connecting with are enemies or friends.
2.缜密构思将第 1 、2 两个要点进行合并，将第 4 、5 两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句 Loneliness hurts and the pain of it drove us to renew the social structure so we could survive. Researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features” .
Loneliness sends a signal for the brain to look for connection and danger at the same time and it reminds us to be
careful in establishing connections.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] That is why researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features” . (运用了 why 引导的表语从句)
[高分句型 2] ：While loneliness sends a signal for the brain to look for connection and danger at the same time, it reminds us to be careful in establishing connections.(运用了 while 引导的让步状语从句)
V. . Translation (15 分)
Directions: Translate thefollowing sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72 ．(2022 春·上海 · 高二统考期末) 你愿意投身到这项志愿者活动中吗？ (devote) 【答案】 Are you willing to devote yourself to the volunteering project
【详解】考查一般疑问句。分析句子结构可知，此句用一般疑问句，再根据句意可知， be willing to do 意为 “愿意做……”，devote oneself to doing 意为“投身于……”，再集合语境， 句子用一般现在时， 故译成 Are you willing to devote yourself to the volunteering project
73 ．(2023秋 ·上海浦东新 · 高二统考开学考试) 再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢
信。 (enclose) (汉译英)
【答案】 The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed. The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks.
【详解】考查时间状语从句， 时态， with 复合结构和非谓语动词。 “再次见面时”用the second time 引导时间 状语从句，且描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“见面”是 we met ，“他送给我一本新出版的书”是过去 的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为“he sent me a newly-published book” ，“里面附有一封感谢信”用with 复 合结构， “一封感谢信”是 a letter of thanks，“附有”是 enclose，letter 和 enclose 是逻辑动宾关系， 因此用过去 分词表被动作宾补，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”是with a letter of thanks enclosed；“里面附有一封感谢信”也 可用非谓语动词，book 和 enclose 之间是主谓关系， 因此用现在分词表主动，“一封感谢信”是 a letter of thanks， 因此“里面附有一封感谢信”也可翻译为 enclosing a letter of thanks。故答案为 The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, with a letter of thanks enclosed./The second time we met, he sent me a newly-published book, enclosing a letter of thanks.
74 ．(2022 春·上海 · 高二上海交大附中校考开学考试) 秉承创新理念，老师们原创了各种有挑战的句子，同
学们向他们致以由衷的感谢。(variety)(汉译英)
【答案】Adhering to the concept of innovation, the teachers made up a variety of sentences which were original
and challenging, and the students expressed their heartfelt thanks to them.
【详解】考查介词短语，动词短语，名词短语。陈述过去发生的事，谓语动词应用一般过去时态；谓语动 词“创，编”表达为动词短语 make up；“各种的句子”表达为 a variety of sentences 或 varieties of sentences，后 接名词复数；“原创的”表达为形容词original ，“有挑战的”表达为形容词 challenging，可用于定语从句，先 行词 sentences，表物， 为复数， 故用 which were original and challenging。“秉承创新理念”为非谓语动词， 做 方式状语； “秉承”表达为动词adhere to，该动词与逻辑主语 teachers 之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式； “创新理念”表达为 the concept of innovation，作 adhere to 的宾语。“向 …… 致谢”表达为动词短语 expressed one’s thanks to sb；“由衷的”表达为形容词 heartfelt，修饰名词 thanks，作定语。结合其他中文提示，故翻译 为：Adhering to the concept of innovation, the teachers made up a variety of sentences which were original and challenging, and the students expressed their heartfelt thanks to them.
75 ．(2023春 ·上海 · 高二华师大二附中校考阶段练习) 不只是这个时代发展变化的趋势，信息可信度的缺乏
更是年轻人陷入网络骗局的主要因素之一。 (as well as) (汉译英)
【答案】The lack of information credibility, as well as the tendency of this era’s development and change, is one of the main factors for young people to fall into the trap of Internet fraud.
【 详解 】考查短语 、时态和主谓一致 。 “ 缺乏 ” 用短语 the lack of ； “ 信息可信度 ” 翻译为 information credibility ； “ 不 只是 ” 用短语 as well as ； “ 这个 时代发展变化 的趋势 ” 翻译为 the tendency of this era’s development and change ；“年轻人陷入网络骗局的主要因素之一”翻译为 one of the main factors for young people to fall into the trap of Internet fraud。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。as well as 连接两个主语，其遵循 的是就远原则，即谓语动词要与该结构前面的主语保持一致。根据句意，故翻译为 The lack of information credibility, as well as the tendency of this era’s development and change, is one of the main factors for young people to fall into the trap of Internet fraud.
VI. Guided Writing (25 分)
Directions：Write an English composition in 120— 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李华，是华文中学的学生会主席，为了丰富同学们的业余生活，提高同学们的英语水平，学生会
组织了一个 English club ，请你写封邀请信，邀请同学们参加，内容应包括：
1. English club 设立的目的
2. English club 要开展的活动
__________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Recently, our Students’ Union is planning to open an English club. Here with my fullest sincerity, I am appealing for you to join us.
The original aims of the proposal are to enrich our out-of-school time and improve our English commands. However, there can be more. As time passes by and we’ve studied together foe long, a solid relationship is sure to be there. What’s more, we can exchange of our understanding of foreign cultures with each other, which may benefit a lot in further overseas studies.
Feeling touched or not, let’s take a look at our activities. First, we will have foreign culture introduction such as places of interests, food in a certain area, etc. We will learn certain words, history, and phrases and expressions in English. In the background of attracting pictures, they will be constantly impressive. After fully prepared, we are going to establish intimate contacts with foreign tourists, tour guide, instructor and volunteers in underground stations, be whatever you like, just to help the foreign friends who seem to have frustration in certain situation.
I’m sure that these activities will make you excited. Believe it or not, taking part in this club grants you with lifelong memory. I’m looking forward to your presence. If you want detailed information, please contact us.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生会主席的名义给同学写邀请信参加 English club，说明 设立的目的和开展的活动。
【详解】 1.词汇积累
真诚： sincerity→ honestly
呼吁： appealing for→ soliciting
期待： looking forward to→ expecting
参加： take part in→participate in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： We will learn certain words, history, and phrases and expressions in English
拓展句：We will learn certain words, history, and phrases and expressions in English, which will help us to better understand and communicate with people who speak English as their first language.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】As time passes by and we’ve studied together foe long, a solid relationship is sure to be there. (运用了 As 引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型 2】What’s more, we can exchange of our understanding of foreign cultures with each other, which
may benefit a lot in further overseas studies.(运用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
附：【录音文字稿】
听力原文
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read thefour possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. M: Excuse me, can you give me the balance on my account W: Sure. Tell me your account number.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place (B)
2. M: Please take a seat, Miss Simmons. Now you are applying for a job as a medical lab technician. What’s your experience in this kind of work
W: Well, I’ve been working as a receptionist in a doctor’s clinic for the past three years.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers？(A)
3. M: This book is said to help you find out more about yourself, for example, your hidden talent. W: Ridiculous. You can’t judge a book by its cover.
Q: What does the woman mean (C)
4. M: There’s a strike at the airport so my trip’s been cancelled.
W: Oh, no! That’s a shame. Will you get your money back
Q: Why is the man’s trip cancelled (C)
5. M: I haven’t had a break for two weeks. I even get up early in the morning to study before I leave for school. W: I was late for school a couple of days ago. Same reason.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation (D)
6. M: Mum, I can’t go to bed before 11 today. 3 test papers and 2 articles.
W: If you hadn’t stood here complaining about it, you would have finished some.
Q: What does the woman mean (B)
7. W: Jack said his father’s flying all the way to New Zealand to watch the next baseball match against England. M: Wow. That’s just so cool. Wish I could do that.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation (A)
8. M: You two argue so much. How can you live together
W: After 20 years of marriage we’re used to each other.
Q: What can we learn about the couple (C)
9. W: How many students do you have in this college
M: Well, we have 2,400 altogether. A quarter of them are overseas students and the rest are local.
Q: How many local students are there in the college (C)
10. W: Is there any special care I should take with this woolen sweater M: Machine cold wash, gentle cycle.
Q: What are they talking about (A)
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages andfour questionsfor the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
On this graduation ceremony I’d like to offer my sincere congratulations to you all. Well done, everyone. I’ve got three tips to share with you, hoping to make a direction for the future life after your graduation from college.
Tip one: There are few things that get you over your own crop more than working hard. Do you want to know how to work hard It’s not difficult. All you have to do is to listen. Listen to what’s going on around you. Learn how the project you are working on fits into the big picture. Learn how you fit in. When you truly understand how the big picture works, you start being able to expect changes and change your behavior.
Tip two: Be kind to everyone. I can’t stress this enough, but it remains true. Kindness will pay back invaluable rewards. Don’t you believe me I’m sure that at some point you’ll have the opportunity to work for someone who used to be your assistant, or hire someone who used to be your boss.
Tip three: Stay interested. Is there anything you can’t stop thinking about Keep doing it. Interest is the better part of success. You will be great at the things that you are willing to do.
Remember that you have time to figure out what you want to do. You have time to try again. Just have courage to do it so long as you’re willing to work hard.
Questions:
11. Whom is the speech aimed at (B)
12. Why does the speaker give the speech (C)
13. Which of the following is NOT a tip the speaker share (C)
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
Left foot, right foot, left foot, right foot … you can travel fast or slow. The movement of your feet gets you where you need to go. But it also gets you so much more! Walking is a basic, simple exercise that’s suitable for almost everyone.
Walking helps you in many ways. First it makes you heart stronger. Studies show regular walking reduces your chance of heart disease. Walking quickly for 30 minutes a day also helps control high blood pressure. It can reduce your chance of developing some cancers, too.
Want to lose weight You need to burn 600 more calories each day than you eat. Walking is the easiest way. As people age, their brains don’t work as well. One in 14 people over 65 suffers from memory loss. Older people who walk six miles

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