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Unit 3 Family matters
Using language教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can understand and use various tenses in context.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点：
教学重点：How to understand and use various tenses in context.
教学难点：How to make students have a better understanding of the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师提问。
How many tenses do you know
二、While-class
Using Language
1. 学生活动：
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 1 in page 29.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage. Decide which tense each is in and match the tenses to what they describe.
a. Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. b. Lawyers help people and are respected by others. c. ... you said that you wanted to be a professional football player. d. ... you have found the career that suits your talents. e. ... you will have two options for your future.
1. Something that started in the past and is affecting the present.
2. Something that is currently taking place.
3. Something that is certain to take place in the future.
4. Something that was completed in the past.
5. Something that happens regularly in the present.
(Suggested answers: a-2 b-5 c-1 d-4 e-3)
2. 学生活动：
Fill in the blanks.
1. The music industry______(develop) fast now.
2. I remember when you________ (be) his age, you________ (say) that you________ (want) to be a professional football player.
3. I'm sure playing in a band________(help) you make a lot of new friends at university.
4. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
5. Sarah________(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
6. People________(have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
7. When I look at this picture of myself, I realise how fast time flies, I________(grow) not only physically, but also mentally in the past of few years.
8. The musician along with his band members________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
(Suggested answers:
1. is developing 2. were; said; wanted 3. will help 4. is regarded 5. was told 6. have 7. has grown 8. has given)
3. 教师活动：语法讲解
一、时态
时态是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。在学习过英语句子的基本结构后，对时态的学习理解与运用更是重中之重。英语通过谓语动词来体现动作的时间和状态，即所有时态变化都由谓语呈现。在英语中，一共有8个基本时态，分别来自于三时即过去、现在、将来。目前需要掌握其中常用的5种时态：
1. 一般现在时
2. 一般过去时
3. 一般将来时
4. 现在进行时
5. 现在完成时
1. 一般现在时
形式：主语+ am/is/are；主语+ do/does
（1）主要用来表示人祸实物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often，always，from time to time等时间状语。
I usually get up at six in the morning.
我通常早上6点起床。
He always goes to work by subway
他总是乘地铁去上班。
It often snows here.
这儿经常下雪
I work in a steel plant now
我现在在一家钢铁厂上班
（2）表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
Light travels much faster than sound.
光速比声速传播地更快。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。
Constant dropping wears the stone.
滴水穿石。
（3）表示主语现在的特征或状态。
Jenny loves music.
珍妮喜欢音乐。
He is very happy now.
他现在很开心。
We are in Class One, Grade Two.
我们在二年级一班。
She lives in a small apartment.
她住在一套小公寓里。
（4）按时间表、时刻表日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。这种安排往往不可更改或不能随意变动。动词(短语)一般表示“开始；结束；到达；离开；起飞；开幕；举行；停止”等意义。例如begin，start，end，arrive，leave，take off，open，hold，close，stop等。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. today.
这家商店今天晚上11点关门。
The plane takes off at 4:00p.m.
飞机下午4点起飞。
When does the vacation begin
假期什么时候开始
友情提示：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; if, unless, provided, so/as long as。
①在时间状语从句中
I don't know when she will come. When she comes, please tell her the good news.
我不知道她什么时候来。她来时请把这个好消息告诉她。
His daughter won't go to bed until she finishes her homework.
他女儿做完家庭作业才会上床睡觉。
②在条件状语从句中
The students will have an outing at the seaside if the weather permits.
如果天气允许的话,学生们将到海滨游览。
I'll stay with you so long as there is a room free.
只要有空闲的房间,我就和你一起住。
③如果主句强调的是事实或结果,不但在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时,主句也可用一般现在时代替将来时。
When the waste water from factories is cleaned and reused, a lot of money is saved.
当工厂的废水净化和再利用时,就省了许多钱。
If they are burned, they give off poisonous gases.
它们如果燃烧,会释放出毒气。
④主句是将来时,让步状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
I will be happy as well whether I win or lose.
无论赢了还是输了,我同样都会感到高兴。
I'll go wherever you go.
你去哪里我就去哪里。
⑤主句是将来时,其中的定语从句或宾语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
The first person who opens that door will get a shock.（定语从句）
第一个打开那扇门的人将会大吃一惊。
You'll be glad to eat what I cook, won't you （宾语从句）
你会高兴地吃我煮的东西，是吗
⑥在here 和 there引导的倒装句中,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
Look, here comes your boyfriend.
瞧，你的男朋友来了。
Hey, there goes the last bus.
嘿,最后一班公共汽车开走了。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
2. 一般过去时
形式：主语+did；主语+was/were
（1）表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999 at that time 等。
He offered his seat to an old man.
他把他的座位让给了一位老人。
I went to bed at about ten last night.
我昨晚睡觉大约是在 10点钟。
I was in Grade Two last term and now I am in Grade Three.
上学期我在二年级,这学期我在三年级。
（2）表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 always，usually，often， sometimes，never，when he was a child 等时间状语连用。
She usually came to help us when she was here.
她在这儿时，通常帮助我们。
Tom was often late for class last term.
汤姆上学期经常上课迟到。
When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.
我十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。
（3）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。
She said she would come if I promised to wait for her
她说如果我答应等她,她会来的。
He would telephone me when he arrived in New York.
他到达纽约时会给我打电话的。
（4）一般过去时不表示过去的特殊情况。在口语中，want，hope，wonder，wish，think等动词，可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度。
I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike.
我想问问能否借用一下你的自行车。
We hoped you could give us some help
我们希望你能帮帮我们。
I thought you might go and see him this evening.
我想今晚你会去看看他吧。
Did you wish to see me at present
你现在想见我吗
3. 一般将来时
形式：主语+ will/shall + do（动词原形）；主语+ am/is/are + going to do（动词原形）；主语+ am/is/are + to do（动词原形）
（1）一般将来时由“shall/will + 动词原形”构成,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 tomorrow, next week, before long, in the future，“in+一段时间”等时间状语连用。其中 shal1用于第一人称,will通常用于各种人称。
It'll soon be the New Year.
很快就到新年了。
Will you be free tomorrow morning
你明天上午有空吗
I shall/will leave for London tomorrow.
我明天要去伦敦。
A simple test will show if this is real gold.
一个简单的测试将会证明这是不是真金。
（2）“be going to十动词原形”表示“计划、打算要做某事”，表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
What are you going to do during the summer holiday
暑假你打算做什么
Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.
看那些乌云!天就要下雨了。
（3）“be about to do” 结构表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用,可与连词 when(= and at this/that time)连接的并列分句连用。
Be quiet! The lecture is about to start.
安静!讲座马上就要开始了。
该结构与when 分句连用,成be about to do...when...句式意为“正要做……,这时……”。这种结构一般描述过去发生的事情,表示过去将来,用过去时。
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
我正要上床睡觉,这时电话响了。
（4）“be to do”结构表示按照约定即将发生的动作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
We are to meet at the school gate.
我们约好在校门口见。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
到 10点你们必须要交上试卷。
The meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
会议将于今天下午3点举行。
4. 现在进行时
形式：主语+ am/is/are + doing
（1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。即此时此刻正在进行的动作,常与 now，right now，at the moment，at present等时间状语及 look，listen 等标志词连用
We are having an English lesson now.
我们现在正在上英语课。
---What are you doing right now
你眼下正在做什么
---I am reading a novel by Mark Twain.
我在读一本马克·吐温的小说。
We are waiting for the subway at the moment.
我们现在正在等地铁。
Listen! Somebody is singing.
听!有人在唱歌。
（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。这种用法表示目前一段时间内在做某一件事，但说话时未必正在做。常与表示最近一段时间的状语连用，如 these days，this week 等。
How are you getting on with your essay these days
这些天来你的论文进展如何
Milla is working on a new book about stories in schools.
米拉在写一本新书，是关于校园故事的。
I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.
这个暑假我在农场帮我爸爸。
Sorry, you can't take the portable computer away. I'm using it.
对不起，你不能把手提电脑拿走，我目前在用。
（3）某些“终止性动词”(finish，die，open，close，start，join，meet 等)和“位移动词(短语)”(come，go，leave，arrive，fly，start，return，take，take off 等)，可以用现在进行时表示将来发生的动作。这时，句中一般有表示将来的时间状语。
We are finishing the project next month.
下个月我们将完成这项工程。
The shop opposite the road is closing soon.
路对面的那家商店快要关门了。
The old worker is retiring next year.
这位老工人明年就要退休了。
The goat is dying because of a deadly disease.
这头山羊因患了致命的疾病,快要死了。
They are leaving by train tonight.
他们今晚坐火车离开。
My uncle is coming back from abroad.
我舅舅要从国外回来了。
The train is arriving soon.
火车就要到了。
Nicole is flying to Sweden tomorrow morning.
妮科尔明天上午乘飞机去瑞典。
（4）表示根据计划或安排将要发生的动作。这类结构主语往往是人，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm doing my experiment tomorrow.
明天我要做实验。
I am having dinner with John tomorrow evening.
我明天晚上要跟约翰吃饭。
Our manager is meeting Amber this afternoon.
我们经理今天下午要去接安伯。
Peter and Molly are getting married on October 1st.
皮特和莫莉要在 10月 1日结婚。
友情提示：上述句子中,表示将来的时间状语是关键的“标志词”，如果没有这些标志词，就变成了“现在进行时”。这说明，将来的时间状语决定了谓语动作的发生时间!
（5）表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly，forever, all the time 等连用。
Mary is always thinking of others first.
玛丽总是先想到别人。
My wife is all the time asking me for money.
我妻子总是向我要钱。
She is forever criticizing us.
她总是批评我们。
5. 现在完成时
形式：主语+ have/has + done
现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just, since then 等表示时间的词连用。
（1）表示过去开始的动作或存在的状态，一直延续到现在。
We've known each other for about two years.
我们认识大约有两年了。
He has worked there since he left the army.
他离开部队以来一直在那儿工作。
His mother has been ill for nearly three years.
他妈妈差不多病了三年。
How long have you waited here
你在这儿等了多久
（2）表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态或者在说话时刚刚结束的动作,对现在仍有影响。
I have sung already. I want to hear others sing.
我已唱过了。我想听别人唱歌。
It has just snowed in Beijing.
北京刚刚下过雪。
Have you returned the book
你还书了吗
The little girl has been to Japan twice.
这个小女孩到过日本两次。
4. 学生活动：完成练习。
Discuss in groups and complete Activity 2 in page 29.
Dad: Adam, Sally, come here. Mum 1.________(have) something to tell you.
Adam: Coming!
Sally: Coming!
Mum: I 2.________(call) Grandma yesterday and invited her to our house this Sunday. We 3.________(throw) her a big birthday party! So, we each need to choose a present.
Adam: I know- I 4.________(give) her a new tea set. She 5.________ (like) drinking tea!
Mum: Good choice. What about you, Sally
Sally: I 6.________ (think of) making a scarf for her.
Mum: Good idea. I'm sure Grandma 7.________ (love) it. Oh, 8.________ you 9.________(finish) the guest list yet, dear
Dad: Yes, I have, and I'm working on the invitations.
Mum: OK. So we still need to prepare food and drinks. I'll make a checklist.
(Suggested answers:
1. has 2. called 3. will throw/are going to throw 4. will give/am going to give 5.likes 6.am thinking of 7. will love 8. have 9. finished)
5. 学生活动：完成练习。
1. Get the students to read the email and answer the questions on Page 30.
2. Get the students to show their answers and correct with them.
(Suggested answers:
1. He was quite thin and pale. He had red, bushy hair and a square jaw.
2. She looks almost the same as she did ten years ago with smooth skin and straight black hair, because jogging has kept her slim and fit.
3. Her hair has got a lot longer and she wears it in a ponytail. She also has freckles on her cheeks now.)
三、After-class
Work in pairs. Think about another situation in which you need to make an apology and have a similar conversation.
四、Summary
重点词汇：affect, responsible, aim, observe, range
重点语法：5种时态
五、Homework
After class, make a sentence for each tense.

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