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(共33张PPT)
动作描写
动作描写
动作描写是刻画人物的重要方法之一。通过具体细致地描写某一人物在某一情况下的动作反应、我们能够更好地表现故事中人物的身份、地位、性格、品质、情感、处世态度、心理活动等，使人物形象立体化，同时推动故事情节的发展。我们在进行动作描写时应遵循以下原则：
(1)精选动词，准确描述动作。
英语中，表现一个动作时往往有许多动词可以选择，但这些词的意思往往有些许差别。我们在重点刻画某个特定的动作时，一定要选取含义明确且具象的动词，而不用抽象或者虚化的动词。这就要求我们在积累动作词汇时，要准确地理解词汇的含义，掌握近义词的区别，从而选取最合适、最精准的词，来达到细腻、生动的描写效果。
我们来对比下面三组句子：
Group 1:
He said something to her in a low voice.
他低声对她说了些什么。
He leaned over and whispered something in her ear.
他俯下身，在她耳边轻声说了些什么。
第一句中的“said something to her”没有任何感彩，只是陈述事实，而第二句中使用了具体化的表示“说”的动词“whispered”，同时还配有小动作“leaned over”，使语句很有画面感。
Group 2:
An enormous whale jumped out of the water and then dropped again.
一头巨大的鲸鱼跳出水面，然后又掉了下去。
An enormous whale threw itself out of the water and then crashed down again.
一次巨大的鲸鱼从水中跃出，然后再次坠落。
第一句中的“jumped”和“dropped”没有把这头鲸的特点“enormous”体现出来，而第二句中的“threw”和“crashed”相较于“jumped”和“dropped”更为精确，让读者充分感受到了鲸的重量和其动作的力量。
Group 3:
"I'll never forgive you, Peter said, and then he walked out of the room without a backward glance(n.一瞥；v.瞥；浏览).
“我永远不会原谅你，”彼得说，然后他头也不回地走出了房间。
"I'll never forgive you, "Peter said, and then he stormed out of the room without a backward glance.
“我永远不会原谅你，”彼得说，然后他头也不回地冲出了房间。
通过“I'll never forgive you"，我们可以判断出 Peter非常生气。而第一句中用“walked完全体现不出他的生气，换成“stormed”后，表示Peter头也不回地“冲”出房间，更能体出人物的情感。
即学即练
选择恰当的词完成下列的句子。
screamed, sighed, chatted, scolded, stammered
1. “W-w-what ”he______________________.
2.Within minutes of being introduced they__________________away like old friends.
3.He________________them for arriving late.
4. “Oh well,better luck next time,”she_________________.
5. “Liar!”Sarah_______________as she thrashed(揍) the child. “You stole it.”
v.结巴地说出
stammered
chatted
scolded
sighed
screamed
细化动作，体现动作过程。
成功的动作描写可以反映人物的心理活动，可以表现人物的性格特征。相反，空洞、笼统的动作描写会使内容缺乏生动性，使人物形象不丰满。人物的动作或简单，或复杂，都不是一下子就能完成的，只有细心观察才能捕捉到最能体现人物特征的慢镜头。因此，在描写动作时，要学会细化动作，把动作过程分解成一连串细微的动作，形成动作链，写出动作的连贯性，这样才能使动作描写具有画面感，使人物形象更立体、丰满。下面介绍几种构建动作过程化最常用的方法：
①动作三连法(A,B and C)
例1：他上了出租车。
动作拆解：
上车→拦车+上车+告知目的地
He stopped a taxi, jumped in with the suitcase and told the driver, "Go to the airport, please. "
例2：这个歌手开始唱歌。
动作拆解：
歌手唱歌→扫视观众+深呼吸+开始唱歌
The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing.
②非谓语动词
第一种：用现在分词表达同一对象同时或几乎同时做出不同的动作
例1：学生们进教室了。
动作拆解：
学生进教室→进教室+有说有笑
The students came into the classroom, talking and laughing.
例2：我们谈笑着。
动作拆解：
我们谈笑→坐在篝火旁+谈笑
Sitting around the campfire, we were talking and laughing.
例3：父亲抚摸着我的头发。
动作拆解：
抚摸头发→看着我+抚摸头发+和我说话
Looking straight into my eyes, Dad strokes (轻抚) my hair, whispering, “You are the most beautiful girl I've ever seen.
第二种：用having done凸显同一对象做出的动作的先后关系
例1：他决定什么都不做。
动作拆解：
决定一先思考+后决定
Having thought it over carefully, he decided not to do anything.
例2：她终于买到了最喜欢的热狗。
动作拆解：
买到了热狗→排队+终于买到
Having waited in line for one hour,she finally got her favorite hot dog.
③when、 while、 as、 before、 after引导时间状语从句
例1：她加入了志愿者队伍。
动作拆解：
加入志愿者队伍→听到招募的消息+申请加入
When she heard that a local hospital was looking for people to sew protective gear(防护服),she immediately volunteered.
例2：我听到一声巨响。
动作拆解：
听到巨响→在车站等车+听到声音
When/While I was waiting at the stop. I heard a big noise.
例3：他换上了干净的衣服。
动作拆解：
换上干净的衣服→洗澡+擦干+换衣服
He took a cold shower and then toweled himself (用毛巾擦干身体) before he put on the fresh clothes.
小贴士：
①在进行续写时，我们并不是要把所有的动作都进行拆解，而是要选取最能反映人物身份、地位、性格、品质、情感、处世态度、心理活动的动作进行拆解,形成动作链,从而使人物形象更立体、饱满。
②动作链有时会结合情感描写、环境描写、语言描写等。
Boiling with rage, Sam stormed out of the room. screaming, "I'm never coming back!
Sam 怒不可遏，气冲冲地冲出房间，尖叫着：“我再也不回来了！”
本句中的“ 'Boiling with rage”是情感描写,“ "stormed'”和“ "screaming”是动作链,同时将动作描写和语言描写结合在了一起，形成了饱满的动作面，属于高分表达。
.
As night falls, we sit around the campfire, sharing ghost stories, curious and frightened.
夜幕降临，我们围坐在篝火旁，分享鬼故事，既好奇又害怕。
本句将环境描写“As night falls”、动作描写 “sit” “sharing”和情感描写 “curious and frightened”结合在了一起，形成了饱满的动作面，也是值得我们学习的高分表达。
即学即练
根据提示改写下列句子。
a. The bird struggled for a while. Then it lay there motionless(adj.不动的，静止的). (用非谓语结构改写句子)
Having struggled for a while, the bird lay there motionless.
b. I buried the bird secretly. I went home hurriedly. (用时间状语从句改写句子)
After I buried the bird secretly,I went home hurriedly.
/I buried the bird secretly before I went home hurriedly.
c.The man took the sack(n.麻袋；洗劫).He reached into his pocket.He placed four coins in my hand.(用动作三连法改写句子）
The man took the sack,reached into his pocket and placed four coins in my hand.
（3）添加修饰成分，辅助动作表达。
适当的修饰语能细致地表达出动作的时间、幅度、速度和力度等，使得动作更加生动、形象、鲜明，人物更具活力，同时还能增强文章的表现力和吸引力。动作描写中最常见的修饰成分是状语，如副词、介词短语等。我们来对比下面两组句子：
Group 1
An elephant surged out of the woods about 20m away,staring at us.
An elephant suddenly surged out of the woods about 20m away,staring directly at us.
很明显，相较于第一句，第二句中的 ”suddenly“体现了大象从树林中冲出来的瞬间性，而 “directly”凸显了大象 “盯”的力度。
n.汹涌；激增；大量；奔涌向前
Group 2
The boy was so frightened that he rushed down the stairs and ran home.
The boy was so frightened that he rushed down the stairs and ran home like lightning.
很明显，相较于第一句，第二句添加了“like lighting”后更体现出小男孩的惶恐程度和反应速度，增加了句子的表现力。
即学即练
选择恰当的词完成下列句子。
wildly, angrily, completely, loudly, unsteadily
1.A man in the water was shouting___________________and waving his arms around_____________________.
2.Officials reacted_____________________to those charges.
3.The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking_____________________but with dignity.
4.He awoke feeling___________________refreshed(清爽的；恢复精神的）.
loudly
wildly
angrily
unsteadily
completely
adv.不稳定地，摇摆地
续写练习
When I was eleven years old, I had a big accident.I get scared even now when I think about that time. I went skating near my house. There were many people,and I saw some of them falling on the ice.
It was my first time to go ice skating, so I was nervous. I was wondering how to skate. I went with a friend who was very skillful. He spent some time teaching me how to skate, but I didn't learn much.
He left me and skated all around. As soon as he left, I fell down. I envied the other people because they could skate well.
I was bored because I kept falling so I took off my skates and just walked around on the ice in my shoes. It was cold and my hands were frozen.
.
Suddenly, I stepped on something that was not hard. What was it It was a weak place in the ice.When I stepped there, I sank under the ice. I thought that I was going to die, but I did my best to grab something to get out from under the ice. I trid to grab the edge of the ice, but it was very difficult for an eleven-year-old.
It seemed like a very long time, like a year. Then,fortunately, someone helped me. He grabbed my arms and pulled me up. So, I lived and I'm still alive today.
I thanked him. At that time, my friend came back.I was annoyed at him because he was supposed to take care of me, but he didn't. He was embarrassed. When I took a taxi home, the taxi driver was surprised and asked what had happened. I didn't want to say anything because I was tired and scared.Even now,whenever I think about that time,I feel uncomfortable.I don’t want to go skating again even now.
.
Paragraph 1:
It was long long before I went skating once again,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
However,ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph1:
It was long long before I went skating once again, and that was when we graduated from the university. Our monitor advised us all to go skating,and I decided to follow his advice although I still fely a little scared. Soon we were active on the ice. One of my roommates was very skillful and she patiently explained to me how to start. Step by step, I was able to stand up on the ice myself and headed out a little, not so steadily and I fell down many times. I was grateful to her for I managed to skate that day, though I couldn’t be like others,who could skate well. I had a nice time that day!
Paragraph 1:
It was long before I went skating once again, accompanied by one of my friends. This time I was careful and cautious, and my friend took special care of me. I was so fortunate this time that I managed not to fall down. Gradually I learned to skate well and became skillful.I felt very confident and no longer scared.
Paragraph 2:
However, ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating,because immediately I dived into the applying for the suitable jobs. And then, fortunately,I met my honey and got married.As was expected, one baby came into the world and was now smiling to me every day.As for the skating, maybe I could be on the ice again when my baby is grown up and asks me one hundred times!
Paragraph 2:
However, ever since then I haven’t found any time to go skating, but because I am too busy working.I’ve learned a lot from these two skating experiences. We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face them bravely, that’s when we find out how strong we really are. Whatever you do, you must have the patience to do it as well as the skill.Remember:Never get conceited(自负的，傲慢的) because of victory or lose heart in cause of failure.

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