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中考复习之名词
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
名词通常用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语或定语。
考点：
可数名词及其单复数
不可数名词
专有名词
名词所有格
名词作主语时的主谓一致
解析：
一、可数名词及其单复数
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单复数形式。个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词。
个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体，如：driver，window，computer等。
集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family，class，team等。
1.可数名词复数规则变化
（1）一般情况下直接加s，
如：apple→apples，boy→boys等。
（2）以s，x，ch，sh 以及部分以o结尾的单词加 es，
如：class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，dish→dishes，tomato→tomatoes等。
（3）辅音字母+y结尾的单词，把y变i再加es，
如：city→cities，library→libraries等。
（4）以f或fe结尾的单词，把f或fe变v再加es，
如：leaf→leaves，knife→knives等。belief直接加s。
部分以o结尾的单词直接加s，
如：radio→radios，zoo→zoos等。
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
（1）改变元音字母， 如：foot→feet，man→men等。
（2）词尾发生变化， 如：child→children等。
（3）单复数同形的名词， 如：sheep，deer等。
（4）表示“某国人”的单复数变化
① 单复数同形， 如：Chinese，Japanese。
② 词尾加s， 如：Roman→Romans，German→Germans。
③ 变-man为-men， 如：Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchman→Frenchmen。
（5）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面的主体名词变复数，
如：passer-by→passers-by，bus driver→bus drivers，boy friend→boy friends；
如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上变复数，如：grown-up→grown-ups。
注：由 man和woman 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及 man 或 woman 都变成复数，
如：man writer→men writers,woman doctor→women doctors。
练习：
把下列名词变成复数形式
Canadian Australian Englishman Korean
hero radio tomato potato
knife wife half belief
brush watch class dish
factory diary memory century
Chinese Japanese sheep deer
mouse foot tooth child
banana tree pencil box woman teacher
答案： Canadians;Australians;Englishmen;Koreans;heroes;radios;tomatoes;potatoes;knives;wives;halves;beliefs;brushes;watches;classes;dishes;factories;diaries;memories;centuries;Chinese;Japanese;sheep;deer;mice;feet;teeth; children; banana trees; pencil boxes; women teachers
二、不可数名词
不可数名词没有单复数形式。部分物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物，如：rice，air，wood等。
抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念，如：happiness，advice，knowledge等。
不可数名词前面也不可用数词修饰。说明其数量时要借助相应的计量名词，
如：a cup of tea，five pieces of advice等。
三、专有名词
专有名词用来表示某一特定的人、团体、地方或机构等。
如：Chinese，Class Four，the Great Wall，No.60 Middle School等。
四、名词所有格
表示名词与名词之间的所属关系，叫名词所有格。
's所有格：用于人或动物的名词词尾，以及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词后。
如：Crystal's books，twenty minutes' drive，Harbin's ice lanterns 等。
注：当表示两个或几个人共同所有的人或物时，只在最后一个名词后加所有格。
如：Lucy and Lily's room（表示Lucy 和Lily共同所有的房间）
Lucy's and Lily's rooms（表示Lucy 和Lily 各自所有的房间）
of所有格（名词＋of＋名词）：常用来表示无生命的名词所有关系。
如：the windows of the house，the photo of the family 等。
双重所有格："of＋所有格"这种结构叫双重所有格。
如：a novel of Mo Yan's。
注：有些名词如诊所、家、店铺加's变所有格后，可以省去名词。
如：the doctor's（医生诊所），the barber's（理发店）等。
练习：把下列汉语译成英文
在儿童节那天，20分钟的卡通片吸引了很多孩子。
On , they twenty cartoon film attracted many kids.
那个店主卖了五块肉。
That shopkeeper sold five meat.
玛丽和凯特的爸爸是史密斯先生。
and father is Mr.Smith.
离哈尔滨有五十分钟的车程。
It's __________ __________ bus ride to Harbin.
答案：1.Children's Day，minutes' 2.pieces of 3.Mary，Kate's 4.fifty minutes'
五、名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 集体名词（如：family，class，team，group，staff等）作句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，
则谓语用单数形式。如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式。
例：(1) Class Seven is a good class.
Class Seven are having a good time.
Chinese，sheep 等表示单个概念作句子主语时，谓语用单数。多个概念谓语用复数。
例：(1) The sheep is on the hill.
(2) The sheep are on the hill.
3. maths，news等单词虽然词尾是s，但不是复数，因此作句子主语时谓语用单数形式。
例：Today's news is very amazing.
4. glasses，shoes，socks，gloves等名词往往使用复数形式，因此这些词作句子主语时谓语用复数形式。
如果有a pair of修饰时，则pair是中心词，谓语用单数。
例：(1) Her new trousers are very cheap.
(2) A pair of trousers is on sale over there.
5. a lot of，half of，all of，three quarters of 等后跟名词复数作句子主语时，谓语用复数形式。
如后跟不可数名词作句子主语时，谓语用单数形式。
例： (1) Three quarters of the students are playing baseball now.
(2) Three quarters of the time was wasted on that work.
6. and连接两个名词作句子主语时，谓语原则上用复数。但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物，或两个名词 指同一人物时，谓语用单数。
例：(1) The teacher and his son are picking apples now.
(2) A knife and fork is just on the table. (3)The writer and poet lives in the village.
7. both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
例：Both the mother and the son are supposed to be here tomorrow.
主语中含有with，along with，like，as well as，such as等短语时，谓语单复数由短语之前的人或物决定。
例：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing there at that time.
There be 句型中be 动词的单复数形式采取就近原则。
例：There is a desk and four chairs in the classroom.
10 .either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个名词作句子主语时，谓语采取就近原则。
例：Either Sunday or Monday is OK.
11.表示一段时间、距离、金钱或长度概念的复数名词作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
例：Two months is not a short time.
练习：
选择正确的动词形式填空
1.A pair of shoes ______________ (is/are)under the bed.
2.Three years______________ (is/are)a long time for me.
3.There______________(is/are)some houses and a big tree on this street.
4.The man with his children______________ (was/were)talking about the TV show.
5.Half of the time______________ (was/were)wasted.
6.Neither the students nor the teacher______________(has/have)finished it on time.
7.The singer and dancer______________ (is/are)coming here.
8.Both Jim and his cousin______________(was/were)absent from school.
答案：1.is 2.is 3.are 4.was 5.was 6.has 7.is 8.were
名词专项基础练习篇
( ) 1.My daughter helps me cook,but she isn't old enough to be left alone in the___________.
A.kitchen B.laboratory C.library
( ) 2.—When is_______ —It's on the second Sunday of May.
A.Mother's Day B.Mothers' Day C.Mother Day
( ) 3.If you work harder,you'll have another_______to play the piano at a concert.
A.mistake B.standard C.chance
( ) 4._______are flying to Beijing,China next weekend.
A.The Brown B.Mr.Brown C.The Browns
( ) 5.Mr.Black is a teacher of ___________. She and her classmates like him very much.
A.my sister B.my sister's C.my sisters'
( ) 6.We should keep our children's______clean.
A.toothes B.tooths C.teeth
( ) 7.The bedroom is tidy and nice.It's____________.
A.Lily and Lucy B.Lily's and Lucy's C.Lily and Lucy's
( ) 8.Harbin is my__________. Wherever I go,I'll remember it forever.
A.family B.house C.home
( ) 9.—How well she sings! —Yes,she has a very beautiful.
A.voice B.sound C.noise
( ) 10.You had better do morning every day. It's really good for you to take___________every day.
A.exercises,exercises B.exercises,exercise C.exercise,exercises
( ) 11.You did badly in your math test,Tom. There is no________for it.You must admit(承认)you played games too much.
A.excuse B.reason C.lesson
( ) 12.There is_________milk in the fridge. You needn't buy any in the supermarket.
A.two bottle of B.too much C.several bottles of
( ) 13.Twelve________were hurt,but no___________were lost in the accident.
A.people,life B.peoples,lives C.people,lives
( ) 14.The________are going to fly to Harbin from Dalian.
A.Germans B.Germen C.German
( ) 15.—I hear you have to get up early every morning. —Right. It's one of the____________of my family.
A.plans B.rules C.programs
( ) 16. To cut up cake is a__________at a birthday in many countries,.
A. promise B. rule C. symbol
( ) 17. —What’s your dream job in the future, Jack —1 want to be a__________to fly a plane.
A. pilot B. postman C. businessman
( ) 18. —How time flies! It is three__________since we met last.—So it is. I miss you so much.
A. months B. monthes C.month
( ) 19. —What a good__________you've given me! Thanks a lot.—My pleasure.
A. information B. suggestion C. advice
( ) 20. —Please help me move the table in.—But there is not enough_______for it. ;
A. ground B. room C. floor
( ) 21. —Hurry up! Some__________are on sale today. —Really Let's get some now.
A. fishs B. vegetable C. tomatoes
( ) 22. —Have you got Kathy's___________for her music concert —Yes, rd like to go and enjoy it.
A. invitation B. introduction C. invention
( ) 23.This is my___________dictionary. You can use it.
A. sister Mary B. sister's Mary C. sister Mary’s
( ) 24.I saw a lot of___________eating grass on the farm.
A.horse B. cow C.sheep
( ) 25. —I feel really tired. What about having a rest —Good idea. Let’s take_________break.
A. ten-minutes B. ten minutes’ C. a ten minute’s
( ) 26. The___________for being late is bad traffic. There are too many cars on the road.
A. result B. reason C. cause
( ) 27. —How far is it from here to the train station —Ifs about _________bus ride.
A. thirty minute's B. thirty minutes C. thirty minutes’
( )28. —Can I help you, madam —Yes, please. I'd like _______ for my twin daughters.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two shoes C. two pair of shoes
( ) 29. To write__________composition(作文) is not an easy job.
A. 80 word's B. a 80-word C. an 80-word
( ) 30. —Would you like to read the English__________pn the medicine bottle for me —With pleasure.
A. meanings B. instructions C. informations
( ) 31. Miss Smith is a friend of_________.She is a kind woman.
A.Mary's mother's B.Mary mother's C. Mary's mother
( ) 32.If you want to do better in playing the piano,you need more ______.
A.contest B.challenge C.practice
( ) 33.—Oh,my God!We have missed the last bus.What shall we do
—I'm afraid we have no_______but to take a taxi.
A.choice B.skill C.form
( ) 34.There are almost 300_______in this hospital.
A.woman doctors B.women's doctors C.women doctors
( ) 35.Along the roads we could see many ________and farmhouses.
A.apples trees B.apple trees C.apples tree
( ) 36.—Hello!May I speak to Tony
—Sorry,I'm afraid you have the wrong ________.
A.telephone B.name C.number
( ) 37.—What a clean and tidy room!—Yes. It's _________room.
A.Tina and Nina's B.Tina's and Nina C.Tina's and Nina's
( ) 38.—China's high-speed railway______is leading the world.
—That's right. It is moving further into the world.
A.technology B.environment C.population
( )39.—Jenny,I can't solve the problems by myself. What should I do
—Maybe working in groups is a god__________.
A.method B.survey C.report
( ) 40.Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in ________.
A.two day's time B.two days time C.two days' time
( ) 41.The idiom（成语）"Mengzi's mother makes three moves”tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best________for her child.
A.experience B.relation C.environment
( ) 42.If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to________.
A.treasure B.beauty C.success
( ) 43.—We can always find something good in a bad_________if we look for it.
—It's so true. Let's make full use of what comes.
A.situation B.direction C.translation
( ) 44.Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an___________.
A.education B.invitation C.information
( ) 45.—Thank you for the__________you gave me. —I'm glad they're helpful.
A.suggestions B.advice C.news
名词专项中考链接提高篇
( ) 1.—I'm going to Australia next week.
—The radio says there is going to be___________in Australia. Don' forget to take your warm clothes.
A.snow B.snowy C.snowing
( ) 2.Chinese doctors know much about plants'_. Some special plants can heal（治愈）diseases.
A.price B.value C.cost
( ) 3.We will have a______holiday and we can do something interesting when summer vacation comes.
A.45-day B.45-days' C.45-days
( ) 4.It's sports time.Most________students in Class 3 are playing soccer on the playground now.
A.boys B.boy C.boys'
( ) 5.My hometown is_______away from the Yellow River.It's one of the oldest towns.
A.35-kilometers B.35 kilometers C.35 kilometers'
( ) 6.—I heard that you and your friends rode your bicycles to the beach yesterday afternoon.
—It was true. You don’t know_________we had!
what a fun B.how fun C.what fun
( ) 7._________between students is very common in Chinese schools,and actually it's not a bad thing.
A.Experience B.Prediction C. Competition
( ) 8.Nowadays some ________made in China are both good and cheap,such as Huawei phones,Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.
A.products B.materials C.instruments
( ) 9.You should look into his or her eyes when you're talking. It shows your _________.
A.politeness B.shyness C.habit
( ) 10.The________of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.
A.silence B.purpose C.culture
( ) 11.—What's your prediction about the_________of our school basketball match next week？
—I'm sure Class 8 will be the winner.
A.player B.result C.teammate
( ) 12.As“the mother river of China”,the Yellow River is the_______of the spirit of Chinese people.
A.dream B.custom C.symbol
( ) 13. The__________in China is much larger than that in Canada,
A. description B. population C. expression
( ) 14. —Is this photo taken in Tibet
—Yes, you can see beautiful snow mountains in the__________of the photo.
A. introduction B. background C. experience
( ) 15. Your photo along with your books__________sent to the newspaper office.
A. have been B. has been C. are
( ) 16. —Pm not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report.
—You should read some__________about the book before writing.
A. reasons B. reviews C. records
( ) 17. —Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying
—It is to the__________. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A. customers B. tourists C. passengers
( ) 18. The following__________may be much harder for everyone.
A. three months B. three ( ) 19. The__________seems very important to us. We'll discuss it later.
A. informations B. news C. advices
( ) 20. The journey to Egypt is a great__________for me to enjoy the magic places I’ve known from books.
A. chance B. advantage C. success
( ) 21. We must provide enough__________for the kids ip school. They are the future of the country.
A. protection B. tradition C. imagination
( ) 22. Ifs about__________walk from the Forbidden City. You can take a bus.
A. two hour's B. two hours' C. a two-hours
( ) 23. We met some__________in the old town. They were from a foreign factory.
A. Frenchmans B. Canadians C. Japaneses
( ) 24. —Can children improve the__________with their parents
—Sure, I think so.
A. relationship B. environment C. pronunciation
( ) 25. A new study shows a __________walk every day is enough to keep most people away from becoming fat.
A. 30 - minute B. 30 minutes’ C. 30 - minutes’
( ) 26. They are doing some__________about the ancient Silk Road in China.
A. experiments B. research C. exercise
( ) 27. —Come and see me in__________.—With pleasure. That’s what I’m expecting.
A. two or three days B. two or three days time C. two or three day’s time
( ) 28.——How do you like the store on King Street
—Very good. The_______working there are very helpful and friendly.
A.manager B.staff C.clerk
( ) 29.—Excuse me,which is the way to the _______
—Go along the street and take the second crossing on the left,and you can see it.
A.shoes factory B.shoes' factory C.shoe factory
( ) 30.—It's dangerous to drive after drinking.
—That's true. It can increase the_________of traffic accidents.
A.advantage B.risk C.safety
( ) 31.The Forbidden City is already — It holds many stories about Chinese culture and wisdom.
A.600-year-old B.600 years old C.600 years' old
( ) 32.The new bridge which is about _______long will give us better and faster public transportation.
A.4.8 kilometers B.4.8-kilometer C.4.8 kilometers'
( ) 33.There was a terrible fire in the city yesterday and the __________of it is not yet known.
A.efforts B.cause C.sense
( ) 34.Boys and girls,please remember: the greatest ________for tomorrow is doing your best today.
A.point B.preparation C.pressure
( ) 35.—What are you going to do tomorrow
—I‘m going to the_________.I want to borrow a few books about science.
A.museum B.library C.hospital
( ) 36.——Have you heard about Dr.Zhang Wenhong
—Yes.He is a________doctor who has made great contributions（做贡献）to our country.
A.52 years old B.52 years' old C.52-year-old
( ) 37.The____________of the Parents' Meetingis to help teachers and parents achieve better communication. A.problem B.purpose C.progress
( ) 38.—What_______will you get if you win the competition
—A set of English dictionaries.
A.place B.prize C.price
( ) 39.—There are lots of__________of bike riding.
—Yes. It's not only good for health, buy also can protect the environment.
A.advantage B.products C.interests
( ) 40.When you are tired of studying,close your eyes and do eye_________to relax.
A.exercise B.exercises C.exercising

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