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东莞四中2023-2024高三第一学期英语月考试题（2023.10）
英 语
本试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Books are excellent gifts. Here are four of the year’s most talked-about titles.
Ordinary Monsters | By J. M. Miro
Miro has temporarily abandoned literary fiction in favour of a new series of historical fantasy novels. Ordinary Monsters is about a group of children with magical gifts who come together and pool their powers to escape the bad shape-shifting man that’s going after them.
Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces | By Elamin Abdelmahmoud
The soundtrack to The O. C., a drama series, and the strange beauty of Highway 401 were important factors in developing selfhood of Abdelmahmoud. This book describes his own experience of moving from Khartoum, Sudan, to Kingston, Canada, in the early 2000s at age 12.
A Magic Steeped in Poison | By Judy I. Lin
Harry Potter has his magic stick. And Ning, the heroine of Lin’s first novel, has tea, which in her world carries magical properties. Lin has created a pleasing Young Adult fantasy rich in Chinese mythology (神话). In this book, Ning enters a competition to find the most gifted tea master, Shennong.
A Ballet of Lepers | By Leonard Cohen
Unlike many other posthumous (死后出版的) works, you can count on Cohen’s to be worth your wait. Before his death, he said that the novel contained in the book, which was never published, was likely better than The Favourite Game, a novel he published during his lifetime. This book also includes a radio play script (剧本) and a handful of short stories.
1. Which book is a mirror of the author’s life story
A. Ordinary Monsters.
B. Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces.
C. A Magic Steeped in Poison.
D. A Ballet of Lepers.
2. What do the first and third books have in common
A. They are about teamwork.
B. They are based on an imaginary world.
C. They both involve Chinese characters.
D. They draw inspiration from other novels.
3. What can be inferred about A Ballet of Lepers
A. It is a collection.
B. It is Cohen’s best novel.
C. It is a fantasy novel.
D. It is adapted from a play.
B
A song called Lonely Warrior is always ringing in my ears. Six years ago, after hosting an annual ceremony for my school, I found that my left leg was a little swollen, and very soon I could barely walk. In fact, the swollen part became a first-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep. Of course, I went to a local hospital, where I was given very awful news--osteosarcoma, which means bone cancer.
I underwent chemotherapy (化疗) for the next two years, and it was the worst time of my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost all of the hair on my body and I became totally bold. I could barely eat anything, even if I felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead, what woke me was my body telling me that I needed to throw up.
I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me, and the dreams I had once nursed about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and experience more, so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by, however, I became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off, and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do, as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward. I made my decision very calmly, because I knew things could not be worse than they were at that moment, and I was determined that this was just one more battle I would win.
Now, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this, and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yourself, and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
4. What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime.
5. What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition
A. Chopping off his leg. B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer. D. Seeking psychological assistance.
6. What does the underlined word “weathered” in the last paragraph mean
A. Resisted. B. Survived C. Escaped. D. Produced.
7. What does the author want to convey in the text
A. A light heart lives long. B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders. D. One with faith braves any hardship.
C
Recently, more than 1, 000 researchers and executives signed an open letter calling for a pause in research on artificial intelligence. The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda（宣传）, and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization”.
Many of the signatories（签署者） are thoughtful and experienced AI practitioners. Their concerns should be taken seriously. On balance, though, their approach is likely to evolve into an opposition to progress.
Consider the broader worldview expressed in this document. It said, “Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and risks manageable.” This is a formula for complete stop, as no one can ever be so confident. The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation.
Slowing AI progress, moreover, carries risks all its own. Don't forget that this technology is likely to make the world richer, healthier, smarter and more productive for decades to come. By 2030, it might be contributing more than $15 trillion to the global economy. Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.
Nor is AI research advancing into a void（空白领域）. The industry already operates within legal parameters（范畴） in response to potential panies have ensured their products are safe. Trade associations are developing codes of conduct and ethical frameworks. Far from the “out-of-control race”, the AI business is constrained by law and politics and consumer sentiment.
It's natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.
8. Why did the researchers and executives sign the open letter
A. Because the research on AI had been paused.
B. Because AI had uncontrollably destroyed human civilization.
C. Because they were worried about the potential risks of AI.
D. Because they were more experienced than others in AI field.
9. Why is the US mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To support that innovation comes from taking risks.
B. To stress that the US is very important in the digital field.
C. To draw attention to the benefits of well-meaning regulations.
D. To reveal those people's real purpose of signing the letter.
10. What can we infer from this passage
A. AI technology consumes more money than it can earn.
B. Society will hugely benefit from AI technology in the future.
C. The AI industry is now developing without any restrictions.
D. The development of AI technology is just a solo effort.
11. What's the writer's attitude towards AI revolution
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
D
Poison frogs across Central and South America display some of the brightest colors in the animal kingdom. The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic（有毒的） defense —but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators（捕食者）-has long been a grey area for scientists.
Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill —these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation（突变）. In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic（防护色的） pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.
To get to the bottom of this dilemma, Karl Loeffler Henry, a researcher at Carleton University launched the new study. Loeffler Henry's team pored over data from the family trees of 1, 100 species of frogs, newts and salamanders, and categorized them into one of five groups. On one end of range are the creatures with bright blues, yellows and reds. On the other are species that blend in perfectly with their surroundings. Between these poles, the scientists place species with camouflaged（伪装的） tops and colorful bottoms in various degrees. These tend to display their dramatic halves only when trying to defend themselves from predators.
The team used nine different computer models to test the potential evolutionary routes the species in the bright aposematic group might have taken to evolve this way. In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.
There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.
12. What remained unclear to scientists in the past
A. How the proper shades of the colors are evolved.
B. How these creatures signal their toxic defence
C. Which colors are better at scaring predators away.
D. Which creatures are at higher risk of being eaten.
13. What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The predators clearly knew about the toxicity but still feed on them.
B. The first colorful members have bright colors but can avoid predators.
C. The first colorful members were eaten but the mutation was passed on.
D. The predators became seriously ill but their population continued to boom.
14. What do we know about the new study
A. The colors of all those species were either bright or grey.
B. The aposematic group evolved by following nine routes.
C. The researchers observed these different species in the wild.
D. The origin of the evolution turned out to be the hidden colors.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Other theories of the evolution. B. Other animals' evolution routes.
C. The drawbacks of the study. D. The significance of the study.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Enhance Your Wellbeing in Nature
Nature reduces our anger, fear, and depression and increases our positive mood and psychological wellbeing. Time in nature also brings us out of ourselves and our narrow concerns and connects us to a larger world where we find beauty and interest. ___16___
It is clear that it is important to get outside! ___17___ But even if you live in an urban area, spend time in your yard or find a park or a green space with trees and bushes. Go outside during your lunch hour if you can to get a “breath of fresh air” and give your mind a break. ___18___
We all know the long list of physical, mental, and emotional benefits of exercise. Exercise improves attention in the young and cognitive functioning in the old. It reduces stress and acts as an antidepressant. ___19___ But much as we know all these benefits, we can’t always motivate ourselves to exercise regularly. This is where nature can help. An appealing place to walk or bike can get us off our seats and moving. And once we start, the beauty of natural surroundings keeps us motivated to continue.
___20___ A series of studies showed that walking in forests, as opposed to urban environments, lowered blood pressure and stress hormones well beyond the time of the walk. So find somewhere with trees, bushes, wild grasses or flowers, water, and other such natural elements and go for a walk or run or bike. Gardening is another wonderful way to be active outside.
A. If you can get to the country, or a lake, that’s wonderful.
B. Exercise is also the key if we want to avoid gaining weight.
C. So find somewhere with trees or bushes to go for a walk.
D. The beauty of natural surroundings can keep us motivated.
E. Thus the environment is connected to our overall wellbeing.
F. You should find more energy for your afternoon mental tasks.
G. Moreover, exercising outdoors reduces stress even more than exercise indoors.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We live in a world increasingly dominated by science. Since elementary school, I have always ___21___subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___22___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities（人文学科）. And I always ___23___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___24___I thought, why bother But recently I had an ___25___that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.
Before I entered the classroom, I was ___26___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___27___intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___28___.
A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones — “but you can call me Rob” — was far from the white- haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___29___. Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ___30___us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own obstacles. To talk morals, we looked at ___31___we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___32___ones.
It ___33___me that if I let go of my ___34___, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of. The class taught me — in more ways than one — to look at things with a(n) ___35___mind.
21. A. chosen B. evaluated C. favored D. avoided
22. A. formulas B. puzzles C. challenges D. innovations
23. A. automatically B. consciously C. accurately D. impatiently
24. A. reason B. answer C. method D. direction
25. A. surprise B. experience C. incident D. adventure
26. A. hopeful B. confident C. doubtful D. nervous
27. A. jokingly B. mistakenly C. previously D. naturally
28. A. unique B. common C. different D. strange
29. A. mentioned B. expected C. encountered D. missed
30. A. engaged B. tested C. persuaded D. invited
31. A. choices B. abilities C. dilemmas D. doubts
32. A. objective B. effective C. encouraging D. appealing
33. A. confused B. struck C. warned D. convinced
34. A. pride B. concern C. assessment D. prejudice
35. A. open B. strong C. sharp D. ready
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guqin, China’s oldest stringed instrument, has existed for over 3,000 years. The earliest piece, ___36___ (unearth) in Hubei province in 2016, dates back to the Zhou Dynasty.
The body of a guqin is made of wood and seven strings of silk, but unlike its seemingly simple appearance, it takes over a hundred working procedures ___37___ (make) the instrument, including material selection, painting and tuning. It is ___38___ extremely demanding job.
The guqin, along with the game of Go, calligraphy and painting, ___39___ (expect) to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in ancient China. The most distinguished guqin ___40__ (music) was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn & Warring States Periods. As he played the guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard it and understood exactly ___41___ was expressed in the music. This deep understanding formed a strong bond ___42 __ them, and they became close friends. This is the famous tale behind the guqin masterpiece, High Mountains, Flowing Water, ___43___ has been passed down through generations and is considered one of the greatest compositions in Chinese guqin music.
Nowadays, there are fewer than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty ___44___ (survive) masters. The original several thousand compositions have ___45 ___ (significant) declined to a mere hundred works that are regularly performed today.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alex已被香港大学录取。请你写邮件祝贺Alex，并请教如何申请入读香港大学。
注意：
1．写作词数应为100左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alex,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the late afternoon sun beat down on his farm in Missouri last May, Brandon finished feeding his cows and decided to go home. As they often did, his two sons, Louie, 7, and Everett, 5, followed closely.
As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father, who stopped to close the gate. Louie paused at a board covering an old well. The board had, over time, become easily broken. When Louie stepped on it, it caved in and he fell into the well. Brandon had just close the door when he heard a cry for help. He turned around and found his younger son Everett standing alone beside the well, pointing to it and screaming.
Brandon quickly realized what had happened. “No, Louie can barely swim,” he panicked, his mind almost going blank. However, he knew he should calm down. He ran to the well and heard Louie hitting the water. Without thinking, he jumped in. Somehow, Brandon managed to grab on to a pipe that ran down the side of the well. He hit the cold water at the bottom of the well and lifted Louie up as he stuck his own legs and back against the narrow walls for support, “All right, Dad, we can climb out now,” Louie said.
If only it were that easy!
The pipe that he’d grabbed during his fall was too slippery to be of any use. There was only one way out. Looking up to see Everett looking down at them, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help. And Everett, stay off the road.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everett did as he was told.
The couple hurried to the well with Everett.
东莞四中2023-2024高三第一学期英语月考试答案
阅读
B 2. B 3. A
4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D
8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
12. A 13. C 14. D 15.D
16. E 17. A 18. F 19. B 20. G
完型
C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. B
26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A
31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
语法
unearthed 37. to make 38. an 39. was expected 40. musician
41. what 42. between 43.which 44. surviving 45. significantly
应用文
Dear Alex,
I’m thrilled to hear that you’ve been accepted into the University of Hong Kong! Congratulations on this wonderful achievement! I am so proud of you and I know how hard you have worked to make it happen.
Meanwhile, I was wondering if you could share some insights on how you went about applying to the university. I’m interested in knowing more about the process since I’m thinking about the possibility of studying there. Any tips or advice you could offer would be greatly appreciated.
I hope that you’re excited for this new adventure and I wish you all the best for your studies in Hong Kong. Please keep in touch and let me know how everything is going.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Alex写封邮件，祝贺他被香港大学录取，并请教如何申请入读香港大学。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
与此同时：meanwhile→in the meantime
提供：offer→provide
为……感到骄傲：be proud of→take pride in
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Any tips or advice you could offer would be greatly appreciated.
拓展句：I would appreciate it if you could offer me some tips or advice.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m thrilled to hear that you’ve been accepted into the University of Hong Kong! (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Meanwhile, I was wondering if you could share some insights on how you went about applying to the university. (运用了if引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句)
读后续写
Everett did as he was told. At first, Everett stood on the side of the road in a daze. As a five-year-old boy, he did not know how to stop the passing car. However, thinking of his father and brother struggling in the well, he gathered his courage again and shouted bravely for help. Although a couple didn‘t quite understand what Everett was saying, the repeated words like “danger” “well” “help” quickly attracted their attention. They realized the seriousness of the problem. They called 119 immediately and drove Everett to the farm.
The couple hurried to the well with Everett. When they reached the top of the well, they were shocked by what they saw. In the well, Brandon's hand was shaking constantly, and Louie was crying with fear. The couple kept encouraging them and went to the trunk to get a rope to help them out. Hardly had they used the rope to pull Louie out when the rescuers arrived. After getting out, Brandon expressed his gratitude to every rescuer. They said that if it hadn’t been for Everett’s efforts, they would not have been able to come to their assistance in time. Of course, God helps those who help themselves, what really saved them was their own spirit of not giving up in the face of difficulties.
（一）评分原则
1. 本节满分25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其档次，然后以该档次要求衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 原则上，两段写作的词数可以不绝对均等，但总词数为150左右。少于120，可从总分中减去1分。如多于170，但都是有效表达，不扣分。
4. 评分时应关注与原文的融洽度（逻辑的严谨性）、内容的合理性、语言（应用词汇和语法结构）的丰富性、准确性及上下文的连贯性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次。
（二）内容要点
故事概要：Brandon 带儿子们回家的路上，Louie不小心掉进井中，Brandon 迅速跳入井中救孩子，虽暂时不会淹死，但无法顺利自救脱困，遂鼓励次子向路人求助。
故事的主题：稚子遇事不慌，陌生人伸出援手。
根据语篇协同性原则：续写部分应该有适量的对话描写与合理的心理描写
第一段：Everett做了什么事情？为了与上文融洽和过渡，应该合理展开续写他按照父亲的话，在路边等待路过人的帮助，适当添加动作、心理等描写，可兼顾第二段的提示句加入“陌生人夫妇”，他如何成功说服“陌生人夫妇”帮助他救助被困井下的父兄？
第二段：他们怎么去的井边？来到井边的时候发生了什么事？父兄情况如何？如何开展救援？最后成功了吗？适当升华、点题。
（三）各档具体要求
第五档 （21~25分)
创造了丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高。
使用了多样并且怡当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解。
有效地使用了语句间街接手段，全文结构清哳，意义连贯。
第四档 （16~20号)
创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高。
使用了比较多样并且怡当的词汇和语法结构，可能有些许错误，但不影响理解。
比较有效地使用了语句间街接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第三档 （11~15分)
创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关。
使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有一些错误或不恰当之处，但基木不影响理解。
基本有效地使用了语句间街接手段，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第二档 （6~10分)
内容或逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文情境有一定程度脱节。
所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多，影响理解。
未能有效地使用语句间街接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义不够连贯。，
第一档（1~5分)
内容或逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节．
所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误很多，严重影响理解．
几乎没有使用语句间街接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。
0分
未作答：所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判：所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了本年度讨论最多的四本书。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二本书介绍中的“This book describes his own experience of moving from Khartoum, Sudan, to Kingston, Canada, in the early 2000s at age 12.”可知，Abdelmahmoud在书中记录了他自己12岁时从苏丹喀土穆搬到加拿大金斯敦的经历。由此可知，Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces这本书是作者生活经历的真实写照。故选B。
2. B 细节理解题。根据第一本书介绍中的“a new series of historical fantasy novels”“a group of children with magical gifts”以及第三本书介绍中的“Ning, the heroine of Lin’s first novel ... Young Adult fantasy rich in Chinese mythology (神话)”可知，这两本书都以想象中的世界为背景。故选B。
3. A 推理判断题。根据题干中的A Ballet of Lepers可将解题信息定位至最后一本书的介绍。根据最后一本书介绍中的“the novel contained in the book”和“This book also includes a radio play script (剧本) and a handful of short stories.”可知，这本书不仅包含小说，还包括广播剧剧本和短篇故事，因此可推知这本书是一本作品集。故选A。
B篇
本文讲述了作者患上骨癌后经历了痛苦的治疗，克服各种困难，始终相信自己，至今依然顽强地生活着。
4. A 细节理解题 第二段第二行Physically, I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me可以看出，作者忍受了巨大的痛苦。
5. A 细节理解题 第四段第一句I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off, and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do可以看出，“锯腿”是最佳处理方法。
6. B 词义猜测题 由最后一段第一句Now, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties可以推断出，作者克服了一切困难，所以survive“挺过”接近原文意思。
7. D 作者意图题 浏览全文可知，作者在这篇文章里主要想传递的是“有信念的人能够勇敢地面对困难”。
C
8. C。根据文章第一段中的 “The letter warns that Al may threaten jobs, spread propaganda（宣传）, and even lead to the ‘loss of control of our civilization’.” 可知。句意为“他们在信中警示的就是AI可能会危及就业，控制舆论，甚至导致‘我们的文明失控’。”
9. A。根据the US的例子所处的位置来看，是为了证实上一句话 “The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward.” 。
10. B。根据文章第四段中的 “By 2030, it might be contributing more than $ 15 trillion to the global economy..” 可知A项错误。根据 “Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon.” 可知 B项正确。根据文章第五段中的 “The industry already operates within legal parameters（范畴） in response to potential harms.” 可知C项错误。根据 “Far from the ‘out-of-control race’, the AI business is constrained by law and politics and consumer sentiment.” 可知 D项错误。
11. B。根据文章作者的观点以及最后一段，尤其是最后一句“The AI revolution deserves no less. ”可知。
D
12. A。根据文章第一段 “The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic（有毒的）
defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators（捕食者）-has long been a grey area for scientists.” 可知。句意为“这些生物将颜色进化得刚刚好来表明它们有毒，但是又没有颜色艳丽得容易被它们的天敌发现。其方式对于科学家们来说一直就是一个灰色地带。”因此在之前的研究中并没有弄清楚这些恰当的颜色色度是怎样进化来的。
13. C。词义猜测题。this dilemma侧重点关注指示代词 this所指的前文内容。根据第二段 “Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, then become ill-these easily-
spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation（突变）. In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic（防护色的） pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.” 可知。亮丽的颜色成为警戒色是这些天敌在试误后得到的教训，但既然这些有着亮丽颜色的生物被吃掉了，那从理论上讲就不可能把这个突变的基因传给后代了。所以this dilemma指的就是这个矛盾。
14. D。根据文章第三、四段可知。从 “Between these poles, the scientists place species with camouflaged（伪装的）
tops and colorful bottoms in various degrees. These tend to display their dramatic halves only when trying to defend themselves from predators.” 可知，在极鲜亮和极不明显的颜色中间还有半鲜亮半保护色的物种，所以A项错误；根据 “In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.” 可知，他们的进化路线只有相似的一条，所以B项错误。而研究者主要是查阅数据和建模来进行研究，所以C项错误。根据 “evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger” 可知D项正确。
15.D。根据文章最后一段 “ ... but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.” 可知。
七选五【答案】16. E 17. A 18. F 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在大自然中可以增强幸福感，环境对我们的身心健康有很多好处。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Nature reduces our anger, fear, and depression and increases our positive mood and psychological wellbeing. Time in nature also brings us out of ourselves and our narrow concerns and connects us to a larger world where we find beauty and interest.(大自然减少了我们的愤怒、恐惧和沮丧，增加了我们的积极情绪和心理健康。大自然中的时间也带我们走出自我和狭隘的关注，将我们连接到一个更大的世界，在那里我们可以发现美和兴趣)”可知, 本段主要讲述大自然对我们心理和情绪的影响，可以开阔我们的视野，空处为段尾句，对本段有总结和归纳的作用。所以E选项(因此，环境与我们的整体健康息息相关)符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“But even if you live in an urban area, spend time in your yard or find a park or a green space with trees and bushes.( 但即使你住在城市地区，花时间在你的院子里，或找一个公园或有树木和灌木的绿地)”可知，此处应指与城市对应的地方，那就是乡下。故A选项(如果你能去乡村或湖边，那就太好了)符合语境。故选A。
【18题详解】
空处为段尾句，应承接上文。由上文“Go outside during your lunch hour if you can to get a “breath of fresh air” and give your mind a break. (如果可以的话，在午餐时间到外面去“呼吸一下新鲜空气”，让你的大脑休息一下)” 可知，午餐时间可到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气，让大脑休息一下。F选项(你应该为下午的脑力工作找到更多的能量)与上句衔接密切，符合语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“We all know the long list of physical, mental, and emotional benefits of exercise. Exercise improves attention in the young and cognitive functioning in the old. It reduces stress and acts as an antidepressant.( 我们都知道锻炼对身体、心理和情感有很多好处。锻炼可以提高年轻人的注意力和老年人的认知能力。它可以减轻压力，起到抗抑郁的作用)”提到锻炼对精神方面的好处，下文提到“all these benefits”，所以本句仍为锻炼的好处。B选项(如果我们想避免增重，锻炼也是关键)符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
空处为段首主题句。根据下文“A series of studies showed that walking in forests, as opposed to urban environments, lowered blood pressure and stress hormones well beyond the time of the walk.( 一系列的研究表明，与城市环境相反，在森林中散步，降低血压和压力荷尔蒙的时间远远超过散步的时间)”主要讲述到室外锻炼比在室内锻炼要好。G选项(此外，户外运动比室内运动更能减轻压力) 能够概括本段大意。故选G。
完型
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过自己的亲身经历意识到，像英语和哲学这样的人文科学比科学和数学这样的学科更加灵活，并不是固定不变的。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小学起，我就一直偏爱学习科学和数学等科目。A. chosen选择；B. evaluated评价；C. favored偏爱；D. avoided避免。根据下文“To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___2___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities.”可知，作者从小学开始一直就偏爱学习科学和数学等科目，因为作者觉得这些学科更有意义。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，这些充满发现和创新的学科在人类进步中的作用似乎比人文学科更重要。A. formulas公式；B. puzzles谜题；C. challenges挑战；D. innovations创新。根据空前的discoveries可知，作者觉得科学和数学等科目充满了发现和创新，在人类进步中的作用更大。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一直自然地认为这些科目比英语等课程更扎实、更严肃。A. automatically自然地；B. consciously有意识地，自觉地；C. accurately准确地；D. impatiently无耐性地。根据上文“Since elementary school, I have always___1___subjects like science and math.”可知，作者一直认为科学和数学在人类进步中的作用更大，这是作者的固有印象，所以自然而然地认为这些学科比英语等课程更扎实、更严肃。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有正确的答案，我想，为什么要麻烦去学习呢？A. reason原因；B. answer答案；C. method方法；D. direction方向。根据下文“By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ones.”可知，作者认为人文学科很多都没有正确答案。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近我的一次经历教会了我，我的学术兴趣比我想象的更灵活：我上了第一堂哲学课。A. surprise惊喜；B. experience经验；C. incident事件；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“Before I entered the classroom, I was___6___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations___7___intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite___8___”可知，接下来讲述的是作者的经历，也就是说作者从这次上哲学课的经历中有了新的感悟。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我进入教室之前，我很怀疑。A. hopeful有希望的；B. confident自信的；C. doubtful可疑的；D. nervous焦虑的。根据下文“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve”可知，作者第一次上哲学课，对这门学科充满了疑虑，不知道哲学到底涉及到什么问题。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想象着进入一段很长很无聊的对话，自然是为了反思生活的意义。A. jokingly开玩笑地；B. mistakenly错误地；C. previously先前；D. naturally自然地。根据上文“And I always___3___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.”可知，作者固有的思维就是，人文学科很多都没有正确答案，所以作者认为哲学课的对话会无聊，然后自然的就是反思生活的意义。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我得到的是完全不同的东西。A. unique独特的；B. common普通的；C. different不同的；D. strange奇怪的。根据转折连词but以及下文“By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ones.”可知，作者上完课后感觉哲学课和他想象的不要一样，作者之前认为哲学课很枯燥，但是实际上很有趣。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，琼斯先生--“但是你可以叫我罗伯”这与我所期望的那个满头白发、衣冠楚楚的老人相去甚远。A. mentioned提到；B. expected预期；C. encountered遇到；D. missed错过。根据上文“A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones”可知，作者认为上哲学课的老师是一个白头发，系着纽扣的老人，但实际上是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，所以这和他期待的不一样。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗伯没有把我们拖入关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是站在了我们的立场上。A. engaged使参与；B.tested测试；C. persuaded说服；D. invited邀请。根据上文“Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points”可知，老师并没有学生进入到关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是使学生站在他们的水平上。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了谈论道德，我们审视自己所面临的困境。A. choices选择；B. abilities能力；C. dilemmas困境；D. doubts疑虑。根据上文“To talk free will, we looked at our own obstacles.”可知，作者在讨论自由意志时，看到了自己的障碍，同样，在讨论道德时，看到了自己的困境。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下课时，我发现没有正确答案的问题可能是最吸引人的问题。A. objective客观的；B. effective有效的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据上文“If there was no right___4___I thought, why bother But recently I had an___5___that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought:I took my first philosophy class.”可知，作者以前认为，没有答案是没有意义的，是枯燥的，而现在却发现没有正确答案的问题才可能是最吸引人的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我放下偏见，我实际上可以从我曾经很少考虑的话题中得到很多。A. confused使困惑；B. struck打击，想起；C. warned警告；D. convinced确信。根据空后“I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of”可知，作者上完哲学课后突然意识到能够从很少考虑的话题中得到很多。It strikes（struck）sb. that...“某人突然想到...”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我放下偏见，我实际上可以从我曾经很少考虑的话题中得到很多。A. pride骄傲；B. concern关注点；C. assessment评估；D. prejudice偏见。根据上文“And I always___3___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right___4___I thought, why bother ”可知，作者对这些人文学科是有偏见的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这门课教会了我——在很多方面——以开放的心态看待事物。A. open公开的；B. strong强壮的；C. sharp锋利的；D. ready准备好的。根据上文“It___13___me that if I let go of my___14___, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，作者意识到，对那些人文学科不能带有偏见，要思想开放。故选A。

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