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牛津译林版 八年级上册 Unit4 Grammar--Task 知识点
Grammar
祈使句
当我们向他人发出命令,提出要求建议时、常使用祈使句。如:
Be quiet,please！请保持妥静!
Don't be late again！不要再迟到了!
注意:祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。
祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头;其否定形式是在动词原形前加 do not/don't.
为了显得更为客气和礼貌,我们常在祈使句中加please。当please 用在句末时,必须用号与其余部分隔开。如:
Please pass me the ball.请把球传给我。
Open the window,please.请把窗户打开。
用should和had better提建议
当我们给他人提建议时,可以用had better和should,表示“最好”或“应该”做某事,had better的语气比should强一些。如:
You had better water the flowers as soon as possible.你最好尽快给花浇水。
All of us should take part in this activity.我们每个人都应该参加这个活动。
注意: had better和should 都是情态动词,后接动词原形,而且均没有人称和数的变化。
had better中的had常缩略为’d 。如:
We'd better leave before it rains.我们最好在下雨前离开。
had better和should的否定形式是:had better not 和should not/shouldn't。如:
You had better not play computer games now.现在你最好别打电脑游戏。
He shouldn't be late for school again.他不该再迟到了。
句型以及知识点
Put up a picture on the wall.
在墙上挂一幅画
Paint the walls blue.
把墙刷成蓝色。
Don’t paint the cat.
不要给猫图色。
Please fix the shelf for me.
请为我修理这个架子。
Don’t touch the wet paint,please.
油漆未干，请勿触摸。
How to make cards
怎样制作卡片
Cut out pieces of card with a pair of scissors.
用一把剪刀剪出几张卡片
cut out 意思是“剪出，删除，停止”
Write some words or a sentence on each card
在每张卡片上写上一些词或者一个句子
Draw a picture about the words or sentence on the other side of the card .
在卡片的另一面画上有关这些词或者句子的图画
Look at the picture and try to say what is on the other side .
看这幅图画并且努力说出（卡片）另一面有什么内容
Please don’t give up .
请不要放弃。
Keep trying and you will find you can remember things better .
不断尝试，你将会发现你可以更好地记住事情。
You should know a little about DIY.
你应该了解一点关于DIY 的事情。
You should not put so many books on the shelf.
你不应该在书架上放这么多书。
Your watch is broken.You had better buy a new one.
你的手表坏了。你最好买一个新的。
You had better not be late for school.
你最好上学不要迟到。
Suzy is giving DIY advice to her classmates.
苏西正在给她的同学提供DIY 建议。
注意; advice 是不可数名词。Advise 是动词‘advise sb to do sth ’,建议某人做某事
Help Suzy make sentences with should (not)or had better (not).
帮助苏西用 should（not）或者had better（not）造句。
make sentences with，“用...造句”
There are many useful books about DIY.
有许多关于DIY 有用的书。
You should buy some to learn more about it.
你应该买一些来学习更多关于它 的知识。
DIY is not easy.
DIY 不容易。
You should join a DIY club to learn more about it.
你应该加入一个DIY 俱乐部来学习更多关于它的知识。
Instructions are important.
说明很重要。
You had better not begin your work without reading them.
你最好不要没有阅读他们就开始你的工作。
without 是 with 的反义词，是介词，后面加 doing
Scissors can be dangerous.
剪刀可能很危险。
dangerous 是形容词，“危险的”，它的名词是“danger”
You had better not play with them when you do DIY jobs.
当你干DIY 的活的时候，你最好不要玩他们。
Sometimes it'll take time to do a DIY job.
有时做DIY 活要花费时间。
You should be patient.
你应该耐心。
Integrated skills
知识点
how to make a fruit salad
怎样做水果沙拉
watermelon
grape
strawberries
bowl
spoon
salad cream
plates
Wash the fruit.
洗水果
Mix them together.Add some salad cream if you like.
将他们混合但一起。如果你喜欢，加一些沙拉酱。
add 是动词，意思是“补充，增加”
Cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.
把一些较大的水果切成小块。
cut A into B ，意思是“把A 切成B”
Choose your favourite fruit.
选择你最喜欢的水果。
Tips for making a fruit salad
制作水果沙拉的提示
tip 此处是名词，“指点，诀窍，建议”
Use fruit in season .
使用当季水果。
in season，意思是“应季的”
Make sure it is fresh.
确保它是新鲜的。
make sure ，意思是“确保”
Use fruit of different colours and try to make your fruit salad look as good as it tastes.
用不同颜色的水果并且尽量让你的水果沙拉看起来和尝起来一样好。
as good as ,“和...一样”
For example, mixing red apples,green pears,purple grapes and oranges together will make the salad look very colourful.
例如，将红色的苹果、绿色的梨、紫色的葡萄和橙子混合在一起，这样会使（水果）沙拉看上去色彩缤纷。
Prepare the fruit salad just before you are going to eat it.
仅在你将吃之前准备水果沙拉。
Some of the fruit will quickly turn brown when you leave it in the air for some time.
当你把它放在空气中一段时间时，一些水果很快就会变成褐色。
leave 是动词，此处意思是“使处于某种状态”e.g.
Don’t leave the door open all the time.
Let's make some sandwiches.
咱们做一些三明治吧。
Sandy and her mum are talking about what to eat for lunch.
桑迪和她的妈妈正在谈论午饭吃什么。
What to eat “吃什么”
Can we stop cleaning the house and make some food
我们能停止打扫屋子去做一些食物吗？
复习 stop的用法
Are they quick and easy to make
制作它们又快又容易吗？
First,pick a piece of bread.Then put some tomato sauce on it. Next, we can put some ham and vegetables on it.
首先，挑选一片面包。然后在上面涂一些番茄酱。接着,我们可以放一些火腿和蔬菜在上面。
注意“first ，then，next”的用法。
That's correct.
那是正确的。
correct 是形容词，意思是“正确的”
Is that all right
那样就好了吗
Well, just put another piece of bread on top of it .
嗯,只要在上面放另一片面包。
Finished !
完成!
Study skills
prefix
suffix
One of the most common prefixes for adjectives is un-. It means “not”.We add it to some adjectives to give them the opposite meaning .
certain --
comfortable --
important ---
interesting---
usual——
tidy---
We can also use some other prefixes, such as in- and im-, to form new words with opposite meaning.
active--
correct--
patient---
possible--
Task
词组
do a DIY job
自己动手做了一件事
at the weekend
在周末
Saturday,30 October
星期六，十月30日
decide to do sth
决定做某事
make her a birthday card
为她做一张生日卡片
by myself
自己
keep it secret
保密
plan to do sth
计划做某事
make the card with some roses on it
制作一张上面带有玫瑰的卡片
go wrong
出错
during that time
在那期间
make some mistakes
犯一些错误
keep spelling the words wrong
总是把单词拼错
cut out a picture of colourful balloons
剪下一张彩色多彩气球的图片
stick it on the cover
将在黏在封面上
stick---stuck
make your mum/dad a card
给你的妈妈、爸爸做一张卡片
paint a room
粉刷一个房间
fix a bicycle
修理一个自行车
make things from old clothes
用旧衣服做东西
make biscuits ,cakes or a pizza
做饼干，蛋糕或者披萨
repair a computer
修理一个电脑
put together a piece of furniture
组装一件家具
句型以及知识点
Mum's birthday is coming,so l decided to make her a birthday card by myself.
妈妈的生日快到了，所以我觉得自己为她做一张生日卡片。
I went to Sandy’s home to make the card because l wanted to keep it secret.
我去桑迪家做的卡片，因为我想保密。
I planned to make the card with some roses on it.
我打算制作一张上面带有一些玫瑰花的卡片。
Sandy helped me with the drawing.
桑迪帮助我画画。
help sb do /with
We had fun working together.
我们在一起做事很开心。
have fun doing sth
It took me two hours to finish.
我花了两个小时完成。
Lots of things went wrong during that time.
在那期间许多事情出了错。
I kept spelling the words wrong.
我总是把单词拼错
Finally,I coloured the roses red,blue and pink.
最后，我把玫瑰花涂成了红色、蓝色和粉色。
finally 是副词，修饰一个句子。
l also cut out a picture of colourful balloons and stuck it on the cover.
我还剪下了一张彩色气球的图片，并且将它粘在了封面上。
cover 此处名词，“封面”的意思，还有动词，“覆盖”
When l completed the card, there was paint on everything:the table, Sandy’s books,my clothes,my hands and face!
当我完成这张卡片时，每件东西上都有了颜料：桌子、桑迪的书、我的衣服、我的手和脸！
complete 此处动词，是“完成”。
12.I hope she will like it.
我希望她会喜欢它。

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