资源简介

景德镇一中2022～2023学年第一学期期中考试卷
高二（17、18、19）班英语
第一部分 听力(共两节20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
参考全市统一卷的听力内容
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Icehouse and ice ticket
As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called “ice administration”. They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, “ice tickets” were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.
Ice container
The most commonly used cooling tool is called “Jian”, which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The “Jian” can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.
Hiding food in the well
During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.
Herbal drinks
During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.
1. What does “Jian” have the same function as
A. Container. B. Refrigerator. C. Clay. D. Copper.
2. Which of the following is unavailable to common people
A. Ice tickets. B. Ice container. C. Hiding food in the well. D. Herbal drinks.
3. What’s the common purpose of the above four ways
A. To strengthen the body. B. To keep food fresh.
C To escape the summer heat. D. To make cold drinks.
B
In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature’s neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual or curious fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. A year later, aged just 12, she made her first major discovery — a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or “fish-lizard”, it was the first extinct animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money but it was a dangerous occupation. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for new finds. The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile (爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends — including that of the Loch Ness Monster. Five years later, she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail. It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she received little credit from other scientists. Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London’s Geological Society, as only men could become members.
Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain’s Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.
4. Why did Mary Anning start selling fossils
A. To establish her name as a scientist. B. To raise public interest in her articles.
C. To gain money to start a museum. D. To earn money to support her family.
5. Which of the following is true about Mary Anning
A. She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.
B. She was nearly killed by a rock fall near the beach.
C. She was a member of the London Geological Society.
D. The beach near her home is named after her.
6. What is true about the pterosaur find
A. It looked similar to the Loch Ness Monster.
B. It was the first discovery of an extinct animal.
C. It showed that some extinct creatures had wings.
D. It demonstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fossil finds.
7. What would be the proper title for the passage
A. Long-Necked Creatures from the Past B. The World’s Greatest Fossil Hunter
C. The Discovery of the First Pterosaur D. Treasure of Fossils
C
Generation Z is different. As a whole, Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour- force-participation rate is 71%, compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation X (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age. As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.
Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.
This has big implications. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates. A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies. The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it- including construction, finance and manufacturing-have faced some of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job.
That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else). Annual rankings of employer desirability by Universum, a graduate-staffing consultancy, bear this out. In 2008 the list of best employers graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms. By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants.
8. What does the underlined word “diploma-holders" in the first paragraph refer to
A. Employees. B. Students.
C. Graduates. D. Shareholders.
9. Why do Gen-Z employees prefer work remotely
A. They want more holidays on the beach.
B. They love wearing pyjamas while working.
C. They want to work in a more flexible way.
D. They can’t afford the residents in big cities.
10. What does the study by ManpowerGroup suggest
A. All walks of life are facing some of the biggest skills gaps.
B. Construction, finance and manufacturing can’t offer remote work.
C. Industries with flexible working policies may suffer talent shortages.
D. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are less popular.
11. Why does the author mention Wall Street and Silicon Valley
A. To weigh up the pros and cons of the two industries.
B. To prove industries in technology are more appealing.
C. To predict the change of preference among employees.
D. To show Silicon Valley is a better place to settle down.
D
If you are a parent of young children who browses parenting websites, you will at some point be invited, through targeted advertising, to enrol your child in a Global Maths Skill Assessment — “to see how they compare to peers globally”. You may be urged to consider the possibility — no, probability — that they are “gifted” in some way, if not in maths, then in music or art. It’s window-dressing (门面粉饰) for subscription (订阅) services, but the other day, a line caught my eye that I haven’t been able to forget. “Talent isn’t everything; the important thing is to teach your child to be kind.”
This positioning of “kindness” as the opposite of “talent” is common once you start looking for it. Kindness is, everywhere: the consolation (安慰) prize, the award for perfect attendance. A few years ago, none of this would have struck me as noteworthy. I believed a tendency towards kindness wasn’t something we were born with, but instead something entirely reliant on cultivation. These days I wonder about that, and about our determination to see it that way.
It brings us to the problem of kindness; not only the fact that, in plenty of settings, it can be a code for weakness or neediness, but the fact that the word itself has been emptied out through misuse. Real kindness is not this. Kindness, I try to tell my children, is strength. My child who is always kind to others is frequently confused by the unfriendliness of others, at which point I have to bite my tongue. “Jessica was rude to you because she’s silly” is not what I’m going to teach my seven-year-old.
Can you teach someone to be kind Of course, but also only sort of, not entirely. You can discipline them with reason and rewards in the same way you can send them to piano every week and eventually they’ll learn to play Twinkle Twinkle. The fact remains that some people are kinder than others not as a result of external forces but from some inborn ability. The ancient Greek storyteller Aesop said, “No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted.” Two thousand years later, it remains a hard sell.
12. Parenting websites often make use of various assessments of children’s talent to ________.
A. increase the click-through rate B. promote their targeted training
C. remind parents of their children’s talent D. have parents subscribe their services
13. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “the consolation prize” to show ________.
A. kindness is viewed as the opposite of talent
B. consolation prize is a kind gesture that should be promoted
C. kind deeds are no easy to find
D. kindness deserves to be noticed in the contemporary society
14. What does the underlined phrase “bite my tongue” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Say nothing. B. Let out my anger.
C. Harm oneself accidentally. D. Explain something in pain.
15. According to the passage, which of the following statements does the writer most probably agree with
A. Every child is talented, either in maths, music, art or kindness.
B. Kindness is your strength to talk back when offended.
C. Kindness is not something that can be easily taught.
D. Teaching can bring about children’s tendency towards kindness.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
According to a common saying, “Honesty is the best policy.” ___16___ Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes. Some people lie out of habit, without even realizing they’re doing it. But despite all this, honesty really is worth the effort.
One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain. There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth. ___17___
Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth. If you make up a story, you have to remember all the details. ___18___ But if you commit to telling the truth, you will never have trouble remembering. This saves you effort and makes conversations less stressful for you.
Another obvious reason to avoid lying is that lying can harm others. People who believe your lies might make bad decisions because of them. And a lie about someone else could destroy that person’s reputation. On a personal level, if your friends find out you lied to them, their feeling will be hurt. They will question whether they can trust you or wonder whether you care about them. In contrast, if you always tell the truth, you will develop a reputation for honesty. ___19___ Business deals, friendships, family and romantic relationships all depend on trust
___20___ Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else. Honesty means that when you speak, you tell the truth without holding any information back. When you do that, you will feel more relaxed and enjoy stronger relationships.
A. This will help you in every area of your life.
B. But in daily life, honesty can be difficult.
C. Is the gain from lying really worth the risk
D. We will get others’ respect and appreciation if telling the truth0
E. Being honest is a basic principle for us to deal with others.
F. Honesty, however, doesn’t mean you have to say everything in your mind.
G. And the more lies you tell, the more stories you have to remember.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, ____21____. I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost ____22____ on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____23____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____24____ or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor(倦怠)had ____25____ this passionate struggle.
Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet(铅锤) and sounding-line(测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen I was like that ____26____ before my education began, only I was without ____27____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____28____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.
I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____29____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____30____ all things to me, and more than all things else, to love me.
The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____31____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d—o—l—l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____32____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____33____ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____34____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____35____.
21. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant
22. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously
23. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away
24. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel
25. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated
26. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet
27. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion
28. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor
29 A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued
30. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate
31. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward
32. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate
33. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed
34. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. unsurmountable D. unproductive
35. A. title B. name C. credit D. role
第二节：(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While the practice of mindfulness has become increasingly popular, its roots can be traced back thousands of years to Buddhism (佛教). One of the people often _____36_____ (think) to bring mindfulness to the West is Jon Kabat-Zinn, who developed an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program and founded _____37_____ is now the Center for Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1979. Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas about mindfulness with science, making it more accessible to _____38_____ in the West.
Soon, mindfulness made its way into clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues _____39_____ anxiety and depression. A large quantity of studies _____40_____ (focus) on the ability of mindfulness meditation over the past few years. For example, in a 2003 study of cancer patients, increased mindfulness was shown to effectively reduce stress and anxiety. Given the way _____41_____ mindfulness can decrease stress, it comes as no surprise that it can also help deal with emotional problems.
Another study indicates mindfulness may also improve working memory. Jha and colleagues investigated its impact on military participants during a stressful time, ____42____ stress has been shown to decrease working memory. One group attended an eight-week mindfulness meditation course but the others did not. Working memory decreased in the control group; however, in the mindfulness group, working memory decreased in those who spent the least time on mindfulness meditation but increased in those who spent most of their free time _____43_____ (practise) mindfulness meditation.
Clearly, mindfulness has many benefits, but it’s not a cure-all. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were ____44____ (likely) to form accurate memories. It may even result in severe anxiety for those PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) patients who tend ______45______ (avoid) thoughts and feelings related to their sad past.
第四部分 写作(共两节 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好朋友李雷是高一学生。在最近的一次来信中李雷提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给李雷回信并针对他的问题提出建议。
内容包括：
1.理解和安慰；
2.你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Li Lei,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。
Once upon a time, there was a village where lived a wealthy man named Rama. He was always ready to help the poor and needy. His act of kindness made him so popular that villagers thought of him as the head of the village. And he was overjoyed at villagers’ love for him.
Rama was a well-known businessman who dealt in the export of agricultural products. One year, there was no rain so the whole village was under drought conditions. There was a lack of food and water everywhere. Villagers were dying of hunger. Therefore, they reached out to Rama for help.
Rama, in spite of having a huge loss in business, chose to help the villagers out generously. He started giving out food for free. Every day he would give a part of his wealth and grains to the needy. Soon, Rama ran out of money and food as he gave all his wealth to the needy villagers. Rama tried hard to manage his business, but he failed. Finally, he was left with nothing.
Rama had to live in a rented house. He looked for a job but no one was ready to offer him one because they were in fear of losing their wealth because of his kind nature. After a few days, he left with no money, so he had to leave his rented house. Rama was now homeless. He and his wife decided to leave the village.
Rama and his wife set off for another village. After walking for a while, both were tired so they decided to take a rest under a tree, and after that, they would move further. They ate whatever they had with them and slept under the tree. They were so tired that they slept the whole day and when they woke up it was dark. They started seeking shelter. Soon they saw a luxury mansion（公馆）and went there for help.
注意：1. 续写词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
They knocked and a man opened the door.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When he heard his words of gratitude, Rama’s eyes were filled with tears.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________景德镇一中2022～2023学年第一学期期中考试卷
高二（17、18、19）班英语
第一部分 听力(共两节20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
参考全市统一卷的听力内容
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Icehouse and ice ticket
As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called “ice administration”. They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, “ice tickets” were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.
Ice container
The most commonly used cooling tool is called “Jian”, which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The “Jian” can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.
Hiding food in the well
During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.
Herbal drinks
During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.
1. What does “Jian” have the same function as
A. Container. B. Refrigerator. C. Clay. D. Copper.
2. Which of the following is unavailable to common people
A. Ice tickets. B. Ice container. C. Hiding food in the well. D. Herbal drinks.
3. What’s the common purpose of the above four ways
A. To strengthen the body. B. To keep food fresh.
C To escape the summer heat. D. To make cold drinks.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了古代人在炎炎夏日的避暑方略。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。从文章第二段“The ‘Jian’ can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.(“Jian”可以被视为一种古老的冰箱，可以用来制作冷饮。)”可知，“Jian”与现在的冰箱用途一样。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。从文章第一段“During the Qing Dynasty, ‘ice tickets’ were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.(在清朝，“冰票”被使用，并且只对官员和富人开放。)”可知，在古代普通人无法得到冰票。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由小标题“Icehouse and ice ticket(冰屋和冰票)”，“Ice container(放冰容器)”，“Hiding food in the well(把食物藏在井里)”，和文章最后一段“During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.(在清朝，服用中草药在北京很流行。在炎热的夏天，一些人喜欢喝冰水，一些煮熟的紫苏叶和甘草作为夏天的汤来保暖。古人也喜欢在夏天做莲子汤，以强身健体。)”以及结合上面内容可知，本文主要讲述了古人是如何避暑的，A、B和D选项只是其中一种或两种方略的目的，不能以偏概全。故选C项。
B
In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature’s neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual or curious fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. A year later, aged just 12, she made her first major discovery — a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or “fish-lizard”, it was the first extinct animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous occupation. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for new finds. The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile (爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends — including that of the Loch Ness Monster. Five years later, she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail. It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she received little credit from other scientists. Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London’s Geological Society, as only men could become members.
Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain’s Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.
4. Why did Mary Anning start selling fossils
A. To establish her name as a scientist. B. To raise public interest in her articles.
C. To gain money to start a museum. D. To earn money to support her family.
5. Which of the following is true about Mary Anning
A. She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.
B. She was nearly killed by a rock fall near the beach.
C. She was a member of the London Geological Society.
D. The beach near her home is named after her.
6. What is true about the pterosaur find
A. It looked similar to the Loch Ness Monster.
B. It was the first discovery of an extinct animal.
C. It showed that some extinct creatures had wings.
D. It demonstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fossil finds.
7. What would be the proper title for the passage
A. Long-Necked Creatures from the Past B. The World’s Greatest Fossil Hunter
C. The Discovery of the First Pterosaur D. Treasure of Fossils
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors.(她的父亲在1810年去世，让她的家庭负债累累，所以Mary开始把她的化石卖给收藏家。)”可知，Mary之所以要开始卖化石是因为家中负债累累，她得卖化石养家。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. (一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差点把Mary埋了。)”可知，Mary差点被落石砸中活埋。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Five years later, she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail. It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.(五年后，她发现了一块有翼骨和长尾巴的化石。这是翼龙的首批样本之一，翼龙是一种数百万年前消失的飞行生物。)”可知，翼龙化石的发现表明了一些已经灭绝的生物是有翅膀的。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“According to Britain’s Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.( 英国自然历史博物馆称，Mary Anning是“世界上最伟大的化石猎人”。她还是一位科学家，她改变了我们对地球生命的看法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。所以“The World’s Greatest Fossil Hunter(世界上最伟大的化石猎人)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
C
Generation Z is different. As a whole, Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour- force-participation rate is 71%, compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation X (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age. As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.
Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.
This has big implications. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates. A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies. The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it- including construction, finance and manufacturing-have faced some of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job.
That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else). Annual rankings of employer desirability by Universum, a graduate-staffing consultancy, bear this out. In 2008 the list of best employers graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms. By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants.
8 What does the underlined word “diploma-holders" in the first paragraph refer to
A Employees. B. Students.
C. Graduates. D. Shareholders.
9. Why do Gen-Z employees prefer work remotely
A. They want more holidays on the beach.
B. They love wearing pyjamas while working.
C. They want to work in a more flexible way.
D. They can’t afford the residents in big cities.
10. What does the study by ManpowerGroup suggest
A. All walks of life are facing some of the biggest skills gaps.
B. Construction, finance and manufacturing can’t offer remote work.
C. Industries with flexible working policies may suffer talent shortages.
D. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are less popular.
11. Why does the author mention Wall Street and Silicon Valley
A. To weigh up the pros and cons of the two industries.
B. To prove industries in technology are more appealing.
C. To predict the change of preference among employees.
D. To show Silicon Valley is a better place to settle down.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Z世代（也称为“互联网世代”，通常是指1995年至2009年出生的一代人）毕业生对就业需求的变化，他们更青睐能够让他们在家灵活办公的科技公司。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词前半句“With graduation ceremonies behind them, (随着毕业典礼的结束，)”可知，随着毕业典礼的结束，最新一批文凭持有者正在进入就业市场。可以推出，diploma-holders指的是那些参加完毕业典礼，准备进入就业市场的毕业生。这与diploma-holder“毕业文凭持有者”的字面意思也相符。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.(尽管在疫情开始时，Z世代的员工比年长的同事更感到孤独和孤立，但远程工作的能力带来了新的可能性。这样做的好处不仅仅是穿着睡衣工作。许多人在更舒适的地方坐在沙滩椅和吊床上接听电话，或者逃离大城市，寻找更便宜或更大的房子。)”可知，远程办公带来了很多新的可能性。其中的好处不仅仅是可以居家工作，许多人还可以在更闲适的地方处理工作电话，或者在大城市以外的地方找到更便宜或更宽敞的房子。这些都是一种更为灵活的工作方式。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies.(招聘公司ManpowerGroup的研究表明，人才短缺程度和就业政策的灵活性之间成反比关系。)”可推断，很难实现远程办公或者对远程办公接受较慢的行业，其各种岗位都或多或少存在着重大技能人才短缺的问题。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. (这反过来又加速了年轻员工从华尔街转投硅谷的趋势。)”可知，上一段提到的人才短缺问题，反过来又加速了年轻求职者从美国金融中心华尔街转投高科技事业云集的硅谷的既有倾向。可见科技产业更加受欢迎。故选B。
D
If you are a parent of young children who browses parenting websites, you will at some point be invited, through targeted advertising, to enrol your child in a Global Maths Skill Assessment — “to see how they compare to peers globally”. You may be urged to consider the possibility — no, probability — that they are “gifted” in some way, if not in maths, then in music or art. It’s window-dressing (门面粉饰) for subscription (订阅) services, but the other day, a line caught my eye that I haven’t been able to forget. “Talent isn’t everything; the important thing is to teach your child to be kind.”
This positioning of “kindness” as the opposite of “talent” is common once you start looking for it. Kindness is, everywhere: the consolation (安慰) prize, the award for perfect attendance. A few years ago, none of this would have struck me as noteworthy. I believed a tendency towards kindness wasn’t something we were born with, but instead something entirely reliant on cultivation. These days I wonder about that, and about our determination to see it that way.
It brings us to the problem of kindness; not only the fact that, in plenty of settings, it can be a code for weakness or neediness, but the fact that the word itself has been emptied out through misuse. Real kindness is not this. Kindness, I try to tell my children, is strength. My child who is always kind to others is frequently confused by the unfriendliness of others, at which point I have to bite my tongue. “Jessica was rude to you because she’s silly” is not what I’m going to teach my seven-year-old.
Can you teach someone to be kind Of course, but also only sort of, not entirely. You can discipline them with reason and rewards in the same way you can send them to piano every week and eventually they’ll learn to play Twinkle Twinkle. The fact remains that some people are kinder than others not as a result of external forces but from some inborn ability. The ancient Greek storyteller Aesop said, “No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted.” Two thousand years later, it remains a hard sell.
12. Parenting websites often make use of various assessments of children’s talent to ________.
A. increase the click-through rate B. promote their targeted training
C. remind parents of their children’s talent D. have parents subscribe their services
13. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “the consolation prize” to show ________.
A. kindness is viewed as the opposite of talent
B. consolation prize is a kind gesture that should be promoted
C. kind deeds are no easy to find
D. kindness deserves to be noticed in the contemporary society
14. What does the underlined phrase “bite my tongue” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Say nothing. B. Let out my anger.
C. Harm oneself accidentally. D. Explain something in pain.
15. According to the passage, which of the following statements does the writer most probably agree with
A. Every child is talented, either in maths, music, art or kindness.
B. Kindness is your strength to talk back when offended.
C. Kindness is not something that can be easily taught.
D. Teaching can bring about children’s tendency towards kindness.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者认为善良并不是能够被轻易教会的品质。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you are a parent of young children who browses parenting websites, you will at some point be invited, through targeted advertising, to enrol your child in a Global Maths Skill Assessment — “to see how they compare to peers globally”. You may be urged to consider the possibility — no, probability — that they are “gifted” in some way, if not in maths, then in music or art. It’s window-dressing (门面粉饰) for subscription (订阅) services (如果你是一名浏览育儿网站的孩子的父母，在某个时候，你会通过定向广告，被邀请让你的孩子参加全球数学技能评估——“看看他们与全球同龄人的比较情况”。你可能会被敦促考虑一种可能性——不，是概率——他们在某些方面有“天赋”，如果不是在数学方面，那就是在音乐或艺术方面。这只是订阅服务的门面粉饰。)”可知，这些育儿网站通过对孩子天赋的测评，目的是为了让家长订阅网站的服务。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“This positioning of “kindness” as the opposite of “talent” is common once you start looking for it.(一旦你开始寻找善良的对立面，你就会发现善良被定义为天赋的对立面。)”以及上文“Kindness is, everywhere(善良无处不在)”可推断，作者之所以提到“the consolation prize(安慰奖)”是为了告诉我们，善良被视作是天赋的对立面。故选A。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文““Jessica was rude to you because she’s silly” is not what I’m going to teach my seven-year-old. (“Jessica对你粗鲁是因为她傻”不是我要教我七岁的孩子的。)”可知，作者此时不得不保持沉默。所以bite my tongue为“保持沉默”之意。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Can you teach someone to be kind Of course, but also only sort of, not entirely.(你能教一个人变得善良吗 当然，但也只是部分，不是全部。)”以及“The fact remains that some people are kinder than others not as a result of external forces but from some inborn ability. (事实仍然是，有些人比其他人更善良，不是由于外界的力量，而是由于某些与生俱来的能力。)”可推断，作者认为善良并不是可以轻易教会的品质。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
According to a common saying, “Honesty is the best policy.” ___16___ Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes. Some people lie out of habit, without even realizing they’re doing it. But despite all this, honesty really is worth the effort.
One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain. There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth. ___17___
Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth. If you make up a story, you have to remember all the details. ___18___ But if you commit to telling the truth, you will never have trouble remembering. This saves you effort and makes conversations less stressful for you.
Another obvious reason to avoid lying is that lying can harm others. People who believe your lies might make bad decisions because of them. And a lie about someone else could destroy that person’s reputation. On a personal level, if your friends find out you lied to them, their feeling will be hurt. They will question whether they can trust you or wonder whether you care about them. In contrast, if you always tell the truth, you will develop a reputation for honesty. ___19___ Business deals, friendships, family and romantic relationships all depend on trust
___20___ Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else. Honesty means that when you speak, you tell the truth without holding any information back. When you do that, you will feel more relaxed and enjoy stronger relationships.
A. This will help you in every area of your life.
B. But in daily life honesty can be difficult.
C. Is the gain from lying really worth the risk
D. We will get others’ respect and appreciation if telling the truth0
E. Being honest is a basic principle for us to deal with others.
F. Honesty, however, doesn’t mean you have to say everything in your mind.
G. And the more lies you tell, the more stories you have to remember.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了人们不要撒谎的原因，以及诚实的重要性。
【16题详解】
根据后文“Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes.(撒谎似乎是给人们留下深刻印象或避免错误指责的好方法。)”可知撒谎似乎是给人留下深刻印象或避免犯错的好方法。由此可知，日常生活中要保持诚实是难的事情。B选项“But in daily life, honesty can be difficult.(但在日常生活中，诚实可能很困难。)”引起下文，强调在现实生活中，诚实不是很容易能够做到的，与下文的付出努力呼应。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据前文“One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain. There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth.(诚实的一个明显原因是谎言很难维持。你撒谎的人总是有可能发现真相。)”可知，此处强调的是撒谎始终会被人发现，因此撒谎是有风险性的。C选项“Is the gain from lying really worth the risk (撒谎获得的好处真的值得冒险吗？)”承接上文，强调这种益处值得冒险么？故选C。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth. If you make up a story, you have to remember all the details. (谎言也很难隐藏，因为它们比真相更难记住。如果你编造一个故事，你必须记住所有的细节。)”可知，此处强调谎言很难隐藏，编造一个故事，必须记住所有的细节，即撒谎越多就需要记住更多的细节。G选项“And the more lies you tell, the more stories you have to remember.(你说的谎言越多，你必须记住的故事就越多。)”承接上文，此处story与前文呼应。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据前文“In contrast, if you always tell the truth, you will develop a reputation for honesty.(相比之下，如果你总是说实话，你就会建立诚实的声誉。)”可知，此处强调说实话的好处。A选项“This will help you in every area of your life.(这将在你生活的每个领域帮助你。)”中的this指代的是前文的“说实话”，符合文意。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else. (有时，如果你的话可能会伤害别人，最好保持沉默。)”可知，此处强调有的时候要保持沉默，即不说出自己想说的一切，因为这有可能对别人造成伤害。F选项“Honesty, however, doesn’t mean you have to say everything in your mind.(然而，诚实并不意味着你必须说出你脑海中的一切。)”引起下文，即诚实并意味着要说出你想的一切，有的时候要保持沉默，避免带来消极后果。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, ____21____. I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost ____22____ on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____23____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____24____ or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor(倦怠)had ____25____ this passionate struggle.
Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet(铅锤) and sounding-line(测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen I was like that ____26____ before my education began, only I was without ____27____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____28____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.
I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____29____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____30____ all things to me, and more than all things else, to love me.
The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____31____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d—o—l—l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____32____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____33____ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____34____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____35____.
21. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant
22. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously
23. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away
24. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel
25. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated
26. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet
27. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion
28. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor
29. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued
30. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate
31. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward
32. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate
33. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed
34. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. unsurmountable D. unproductive
35. A. title B. name C. credit D. role
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了海伦凯勒的生活。在她的一生中,最令她刻骨铭心的一天就是她的老师安妮曼斯菲尔德苏立文的到来,让她用手指去感受，用这种方式学会了拼写很多词。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天下午,我站在门廊里,似乎在默默地期待着什么。A. hesitant踌躇的,犹豫的；B reluctant不情愿的,勉强的；C. expectant期待的；D, defendant防守的。根据下一句“I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps.”（ 从母亲的手势和屋里来来往往的匆忙中，我隐约猜到有什么不寻常的事情要发生了，于是我走到门口，在台阶上等着。）可知应该是期盼着。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的手指几乎无意识地徘徊在熟悉的树叶和花朵上，初生的枝蔓似乎也忙不迭地向南方的春日致意。A. consequently因此,所以；B. unconsciously无意识地,不由自主地；C.deliberately故意地；D. simultaneously同时地。根据上一句“ The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face.”（ 午后的阳光透过门廊上的金银花，照在我仰着的脸上），描写了一幅祥和的画面，作者应该是无意识地去触摸树叶和花朵。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的手指几乎无意识地徘徊在熟悉的树叶和花朵上，初生的枝蔓似乎也忙不迭地向南方的春日致意。A. come forth出现,涌现； B.brought about造成,引起；C.left behind留下,遗留；D. hidden away藏起来。根据“to greet the sweet southern spring”此处表示叶子和花朵出现了。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我的未来会发生什么样的奇迹，一连好几个星期，懊恼和苦闷折磨着我，深深的无助感令我抗争不得。A. panic 恐慌；B. result 结果；C. position位置 ；D. marvel奇迹。根据本句中的“ I did not know”（我不知道）和空格后的“ surprise”（惊喜）可知应该选择奇迹。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：愤怒和痛苦不断地折磨了我几周，深深的倦怠成功战胜了激昂的斗争。A. succeeded成功；B. exposed暴露；C. inherited 继承；D. demonstrated论证。根据本句中的“Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks”（ 愤怒和痛苦不断地折磨了我几周），可知应该是倦怠战胜了斗争。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受正式教育之前,我就像那艘漂荡在迷雾中的船,只是我没有指南针和测深索,也无从知晓港口的远近。A. fog 雾；B. ship船；C. shore 海岸；D. plummet骤降。根据前一句的“the great ship”（那条大船），和本句之前的that可知是ship。故选B。
27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受正式教育之前,我就像那艘漂荡在迷雾中的船,只是我没有指南针和测深索,也无从知晓港口的远近。A. compassion同情；B.compromise妥协； C.compass 指南针；D. companion同伴。根据空格后的“or sounding—line”（ 测深索），可知应该选择避免迷失方向的东西。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受正式教育之前,我就像那艘漂荡在迷雾中的船,只是我没有指南针和测深索,也无从知晓港口的远近。A. paradise天堂；B.habitat栖息地；C. residence住宅；D. harbor港湾。根据空格前的“had no way of knowing how near”（ 没有办法知道有多近）和前面提到的ship，可知应该是港湾。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到了走近的脚步声，我伸出手，就像迎接母亲那样，有个人抓住了我的手，我被她紧紧地抱在怀中，她就是来向我揭示万事万物的人。A. took 拿；B. shook摇动；C. clung抓紧；D.rescued救援。此处意为“有个人抓住(took)了我的手”。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到了走近的脚步声，我伸出手，就像迎接母亲那样,有个人抓住了我的手，我被她紧紧地抱在怀中,她就是来向我揭示万事万物的人。A. share分享；B.devote奉献；C.reveal揭示；D. celebrate庆祝。结合文意，她就是来向我揭示万事万物的人。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳拉布里吉曼还给娃娃做了衣服穿,我也是后来才知道娃娃的来历的。A.beforehand预先，事先；B. backward 向后，落后；C.afterward后来，之后；D.forward向前地。此处"until afterward"意为"直到后来"。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我立刻对这种手指游戏产生了兴趣,并且努力模仿。A.illustrate说明，加插图于；B. exhibit展览；C.guess猜测；D. imitate模仿。根据本句表达的意思是对手指游戏感兴趣，所以应该是模仿。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：最终,我正确地拼写出了单词,我难以抑制我的快乐和自豪。A.fluttered颤振；B.flourished 繁荣；C.flashed闪光；D.flushed脸红， 发红。此处"flush with"意思是：因......兴奋，由于......而脸红。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在随后的几天里,我用这种懵懂的方式学会了拼写很多词,其中有像pin,bat,cup这样的名词,还有一些像sit, stand,walk之类的动词。A.unrealistic不切实际的； B.uncomprehending不理解的； C.unsurmountable不能克服的，不能超越的；D.unproductive低效的。根据前面句子“I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey—like imitation.”（ 我不知道我在拼写一个单词，甚至不知道单词的存在；我只是让我的手指像猴子一样模仿），应该是不理解的。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上,我是在和老师待了好几星期后,才知道每件东西都有一个名字。A.title标题，头衔；B.name名字；C.credit信用，学分；D.role角色。此处表达每一件东西都有一个名字。故选B。
第二节：(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While the practice of mindfulness has become increasingly popular, its roots can be traced back thousands of years to Buddhism (佛教). One of the people often _____36_____ (think) to bring mindfulness to the West is Jon Kabat-Zinn, who developed an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program and founded _____37_____ is now the Center for Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1979. Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas about mindfulness with science, making it more accessible to _____38_____ in the West.
Soon, mindfulness made its way into clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues _____39_____ anxiety and depression. A large quantity of studies _____40_____ (focus) on the ability of mindfulness meditation over the past few years. For example, in a 2003 study of cancer patients, increased mindfulness was shown to effectively reduce stress and anxiety. Given the way _____41_____ mindfulness can decrease stress, it comes as no surprise that it can also help deal with emotional problems.
Another study indicates mindfulness may also improve working memory. Jha and colleagues investigated its impact on military participants during a stressful time, ____42____ stress has been shown to decrease working memory. One group attended an eight-week mindfulness meditation course but the others did not. Working memory decreased in the control group; however, in the mindfulness group, working memory decreased in those who spent the least time on mindfulness meditation but increased in those who spent most of their free time _____43_____ (practise) mindfulness meditation.
Clearly, mindfulness has many benefits, but it’s not a cure-all. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were ____44____ (likely) to form accurate memories. It may even result in severe anxiety for those PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) patients who tend ______45______ (avoid) thoughts and feelings related to their sad past.
【答案】36. thought
37. what 38. those
39. like 40. has focused##has been focused
41. that 42. as##because
43. practising
44. less likely
45. to avoid
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正念的起源和它的功用。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Jon Kabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。提示词think(认为)作后置定语修饰名词词组One of the people，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语One of the people之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填thought。
【37题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：Jon Kabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。空格后是及物动词found后的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用连接代词what引导该宾语从句，作主语。故填what。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：Kabat-Zinn将佛教关于正念的思想与科学结合起来，使其更容易为西方人所接受。根据句意，句中指代“西方人”，用复数代词those。故填those。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：很快，正念进入了临床环境，并成功地治疗了焦虑和抑郁等健康问题。根据句意，anxiety和depression是对health issues的举例说明，可用介词like引出列举对象，意为“例如，譬如”。故填like。
【40题详解】
考查时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，大量的研究集中在正念冥想的能力。focus on(聚焦，集中)是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语over the past few years可知应用现在完成时态，与主语之间可理解为主动关系“研究集中于……”，用主动语态，也可理解为被动关系“研究被聚焦于……”，用被动语态，又因“a large quantity of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，所以谓语动词用现在完成时主动或被动语态，单数形式。故填has focused/has been focused。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到正念可以减少压力，它也可以帮助处理情绪问题就不足为奇了。分析句子可知，空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词way(方式)；名词way表示“方式”时，其后定语从句可用关系词that或者in which引导，也可省略引导词，结合语法填空特征，本题用关系代词that引导。故填that。
【42题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：Jha和他的同事调查了压力对军事参与者的影响，因为压力已经被证明会降低工作记忆。根据句意，上下文上之间存在因果关系，用从属连词as或者because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对照组的工作记忆下降；然而，在正念组中，花最少时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆下降，而花大部分空闲时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆增加。spend some time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填practising。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，一项研究发现，在正念冥想之后，参与者不太可能形成准确的记忆。结合上文“it’s not a cure-all”可知，句中讲正念冥想的不足之处，用比较级less likely表示否定意思，意为“不太可能”。故填less likely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它甚至可能导致那些创伤后应激障碍患者严重焦虑，他们倾向于避免与悲伤的过去有关的想法和感受。tend to do...为固定搭配，意为“倾向于……”，跟不定式作宾语。故填to avoid。
第四部分 写作(共两节 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好朋友李雷是高一学生。在最近的一次来信中李雷提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给李雷回信并针对他的问题提出建议。
内容包括：
1.理解和安慰；
2.你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Li Lei,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Li Lei,
Knowing from your last letter that because your handwriting is not beautiful and tidy enough, your composition scores in many English tests are not ideal, which is your biggest trouble at present. I am writing to tell you that your problem is very common among students who are learning English and that there are quite a few ways to solve it.
First of all, you should practice handwriting according to a copybook and be patient at the beginning, which can make sure your handwriting is standard. In addition, turn to your English teacher for help, who must be glad to give you some guidance. What’s the most, you should stick to your practice, at least 20 minutes each day. And gradually, you can write beautiful letters in the limited time.
Looking forward to your good news.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的好朋友李雷是高一学生。在最近的一次来信中李雷提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给李雷回信并针对他的问题提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
麻烦：trouble→problem
普遍的：common→ordinary
方法：way→approach
确保：make sure→ensure
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：What’s the most, you should stick to your practice, at least 20 minutes each day. And gradually, you can write beautiful letters in the limited time.
拓展句：What’s the most, you should stick to your practice, at least 20 minutes each day, in which way you can write beautiful letters in the limited time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing from your last letter that because your handwriting is not beautiful and tidy enough, your composition scores in many English tests are not ideal, which is your biggest trouble at present. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] In addition, turn to your English teacher for help, who must be glad to give you some guidance. (运用了who引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once upon a time, there was a village where lived a wealthy man named Rama. He was always ready to help the poor and needy. His act of kindness made him so popular that villagers thought of him as the head of the village. And he was overjoyed at villagers’ love for him.
Rama was a well-known businessman who dealt in the export of agricultural products. One year, there was no rain so the whole village was under drought conditions. There was a lack of food and water everywhere. Villagers were dying of hunger. Therefore, they reached out to Rama for help.
Rama, in spite of having a huge loss in business, chose to help the villagers out generously. He started giving out food for free. Every day he would give a part of his wealth and grains to the needy. Soon, Rama ran out of money and food as he gave all his wealth to the needy villagers. Rama tried hard to manage his business, but he failed. Finally, he was left with nothing.
Rama had to live in a rented house. He looked for a job but no one was ready to offer him one because they were in fear of losing their wealth because of his kind nature. After a few days, he left with no money, so he had to leave his rented house. Rama was now homeless. He and his wife decided to leave the village.
Rama and his wife set off for another village. After walking for a while, both were tired so they decided to take a rest under a tree, and after that, they would move further. They ate whatever they had with them and slept under the tree. They were so tired that they slept the whole day and when they woke up it was dark. They started seeking shelter. Soon they saw a luxury mansion（公馆）and went there for help.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
They knocked and a man opened the door.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When he heard his words of gratitude, Rama’s eyes were filled with tears.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】They knocked and a man opened the door. The moment he saw them, he greeted them with joy. He took them inside and offered them food to eat. Rama was surprised and asked why. The man said, “Years ago, I was dying of hunger when you helped me out. Not only did you give me food, but you also gave me money to restart my business. I can never thank you enough and I am so glad that I am able to repay your generosity today.”
When he heard his words of gratitude, Rama’s eyes were filled with tears. He told that man even though he changed from a wealthy man to a homeless person, never did he regret what he had done. The man asked him not to worry and promised to help. With his generous aid, Rama was able to recreate his business. Slowly and steadily, he became rich again. In spite of so many ups and downs, Rama didn’t forget his social responsibility and he started helping the needy again.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个名叫拉玛的富人总是乐于帮助他人。有一年，天气干旱，农民们缺水少食。尽管拉玛在生意上损失惨重，但还是选择慷慨地帮助村民直至自己一无所有。拉玛和妻子离开村子去寻找避难所。他们看到了一座豪华公馆去那里求助，被自己曾经帮过的人帮助的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他们敲门，一个人打开了门。”可知，第一段可描写拉玛获得了帮助，且帮助者就是曾经自己的帮助对象。
②由第二段首句内容“当他听到自己的感激之词时，拉玛的眼里充满了泪水。”可知，第二段可描写拉玛在他的慷慨帮助下得以重建他的生意。慢慢地，他又变得富有了，并继续帮助他人。
2.续写线索：问候——给食物——感谢——回馈帮助——变得富有——继续助人
3.词汇激活
行为类
①提供：offer/give/provide
②.回报：repay /pay back
③.感谢：thank /appreciate/ show gratitude/be grateful
情绪类
①.高兴：joy /delight/happiness
②.惊讶：surprise /astonished
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Not only did you give me food, but you also gave me money to restart my business.（运用了not only …but also…句型。）
[高分句型2]. He told that man even though he changed from a wealthy man to a homeless person, never did he regret what he had done.（运用了部分倒装以及what引导的宾语从句。）

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