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2024年初中中考英语专项学习之定语从句用法归纳
判断关系代词与关系副词
关系代词和关系副词都是英语中用于引导定语从句的语法工具，它们在用法上有一些区别:
关系代词:关系代词是用来引导定语从句并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语的代词。常见的关系代词包括who, whom, whose, which和that等。例如:
The book, which is about the history of China, is very interesting.(那本书是关于中国历史的，非常有趣。)
She is the person, who/ whom I saw yesterday.(她是我看见过的那个人。)
关系副词:关系副词是用来表示定语从句中时间、地点或方式等的副词。常见的关系副词包括when, where, why和how等。例如:
We met him where, when and how he lives are still unknown to us.(我们仍然不知道他住在哪里，何时和如何见面。)
总之，关系代词和关系副词在引导定语从句时具有相似的功能，但在表示定语从句中的时间、地点或方式等时使用不同的副词。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句是英语中一种常见的从句类型，它用来修饰名词或代词，并在句子中发挥重要的作用。定语从句可以分为限制性和非限制性两种，它们在用法和形式上有所不同:
限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词具有强烈的限定作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。常见的引导词有that、which和who等。例如:
The book, which is about the history of China, is very interesting.(那本书是关于中国历史的，非常有趣。)
She is the person, who/ whom I saw yesterday.(她是我看见过的那个人。)
非限制性定语从句: 非限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词只起补充说明的作用，不起限定作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。常见的引导词有that、which和who等。例如:
The car that I bought last week is very nice.(我上周买的那辆汽车非常好。)
She is the girl, who/ whom I met at the park.(我是在公园遇见她的那个女孩。)
总之，限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有严格的限定作用，不可省略，而非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用，可以省去，不影响主句的意义。
as,which非限定性定语从句
限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词具有强烈的限定作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。常见的引导词有that、which和who等。例如:
The book, which is about the history of China, is very interesting.(那本书是关于中国历史的，非常有趣。)
She is the person, who/ whom I saw yesterday.(她是我看见过的那个人。)
非限制性定语从句: 非限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词只起补充说明的作用，不起限定作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。常见的引导词有that、which和who等。例如:
The car that I bought last week is very nice.(我上周买的那辆汽车非常好。)
She is the girl, who/ whom I met at the park.(我是在公园遇见她的那个女孩。)
关系代词that的用法
不用that的情况 2、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：
what不能引导定语从句.
关系代词that在定语从句中充当关系代词，用于引导定语从句，其用法如下：
that可以用于引导限定性定语从句，用来修饰先行词。例如：
The book, that is written by an author from India, is very interesting.
That is a beautiful sunset.
that也可以用于引导非限定性定语从句，用来修饰先行词，但此时that的作用类似于连词，连接先行词和定语从句。例如：
The car that I drive is a Japanese make.
That is the building where the meeting will be held.
that还可以用于引导名词性定语从句，用来修饰先行词。例如：
The book, that I read last week, was very interesting.
The letter that I received yesterday contained good news.
需要注意的是，当定语从句中缺少关系代词时，可以使用that或which引导，但这两种代词在引导定语从句时具有不同的作用。that通常用于引导限定性定语从句，而which则用于引导非限定性定语从句。例如：
The book, which is written by an author from India, is very interesting.
That is a beautiful sunset.
指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
指物的关系代词有which、Whose（=of which）和that。其中which和that在定语从句中充当关系代词，而whose（=of which）则用于引导定语从句，表示所有关系。它们在引导定语从句时具有不同的作用。
which和that在定语从句中充当关系代词，用于引导定语从句修饰先行词。例如:
The book, which/that is written by an author from India, is very interesting.
Whose car do you want to borrow
Whose（=of which）在定语从句中充当关系代词，用于引导定语从句修饰先行词，表示所有关系。例如:
The house, Whose（=of which）is located on the corner, is very old.
需要注意的是，当定语从句中缺少关系代词时，可以使用which或that引导，但这两种代词在引导定语从句时具有不同的作用。which通常用于引导非限定性定语从句，而that通常用于引导限定性定语从句。例如:
The book, which is written by an author from India, is very interesting.
That is a beautiful sunset.
介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
指物的关系代词有which、Whose（=of which）和that。其中which和that在定语从句中充当关系代词，而whose（=of which）则用于引导定语从句，表示所有关系。它们在引导定语从句时具有不同的作用。
which和that在定语从句中充当关系代词，用于引导定语从句修饰先行词。例如:
The book, which/that is written by an author from India, is very interesting.
Whose car do you want to borrow
Whose（=of which）在定语从句中充当关系代词，用于引导定语从句修饰先行词，表示所有关系。例如:
The house, Whose（=of which）is located on the corner, is very old.
需要注意的是，当定语从句中缺少关系代词时，可以使用which或that引导，但这两种代词在引导定语从句时具有不同的作用。which通常用于引导非限定性定语从句，而that通常用于引导限定性定语从句。例如:
The book, which is written by an author from India, is very interesting.
That is a beautiful sunset.
指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。
在下列情况下，只能用that，不宜用which：
当定语从句的先行词为序数词、形容词的最高级、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等时，只能用that，不宜用which。例如:
The best book, that I have ever read, is about the life of a great leader.
That house, which is on the corner, has a beautiful garden.
当定语从句中的主语是不定代词（如any, any, no, every, each, few, many, some等）时，只能用that，不宜用which。例如:
That car, which is waiting outside, is mine.
当定语从句中的主语是关系代词who或whom时，只能用that，不宜用which。例如:
That teacher, whom I met last week, is very kind.
当定语从句中的主语是关系副词when, where, why等时，只能用that，不宜用which。例如:
That day, when I met my old friend, we had a long chat.
在某些习语中，只能用that，不宜用which。例如:
That's the way to go.（这就是去的方法。）
That's the last straw.（这是最后的一根稻草。）
只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。
在下列情况下，只能用which,不宜用that:
当定语从句的先行词为介词短语时，只能用which,不宜用that。例如:
The book, which is about the life of a great leader, is very interesting.
表示时间、地点、原因等的介词短语也可以作为先行词，例如：
表示时间：The meeting, which will take place next week, has been postponed.
表示地点：The house, which is on the corner, has a beautiful garden.
表示原因：The letter, which was sent by mistake, has not been received yet.
当定语从句的引导词为关系代词who或whom时，不能用that,只能用which。例如:
The teacher, who/ whom I met last week, is very kind.
当定语从句中的主语是不定代词(如any, any, no, every, each, few, many, some等)时，不能用that,只能用which。例如:
The car, which is waiting outside, is mine.
当定语从句中的主语是关系代词who或whom时，不能用that,只能用which。例如:
The student, whom I saw yesterday, is very intelligent.
在某些习语中，不能用that,只能用which。例如:
That's the way to go.(这就是去的方法。)
That's the last straw.(这是最后的一根稻草。

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