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东莞四中2023-2024高三第一学期英语月考试题
英语
本试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Books are excellent gifts. Here are four of the year’s most talked-about titles.
Ordinary Monsters | By J. M. Miro
Miro has temporarily abandoned literary fiction in favour of a new series of historical fantasy novels. Ordinary Monsters is about a group of children with magical gifts who come together and pool their powers to escape the bad shape-shifting man that’s going after them.
Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces | By Elamin Abdelmahmoud
The soundtrack to The O. C., a drama series, and the strange beauty of Highway 401 were important factors in developing selfhood of Abdelmahmoud. This book describes his own experience of moving from Khartoum, Sudan, to Kingston, Canada, in the early 2000s at age 12.
A Magic Steeped in Poison | By Judy I. Lin
Harry Potter has his magic stick. And Ning, the heroine of Lin’s first novel, has tea, which in her world carries magical properties. Lin has created a pleasing Young Adult fantasy rich in Chinese mythology (神话). In this book, Ning enters a competition to find the most gifted tea master, Shennong.
A Ballet of Lepers | By Leonard Cohen
Unlike many other posthumous (死后出版的) works, you can count on Cohen’s to be worth your wait. Before his death, he said that the novel contained in the book, which was never published, was likely better than The Favourite Game, a novel he published during his lifetime. This book also includes a radio play script (剧本) and a handful of short stories.
1. Which book is a mirror of the author’s life story
A. Ordinary Monsters. B. Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces.
C. A Magic Steeped in Poison. D. A Ballet of Lepers.
2. What do the first and third books have in common
A. They are about teamwork.
B. They are based on an imaginary world.
C. They both involve Chinese characters.
D. They draw inspiration from other novels.
3. What can be inferred about A Ballet of Lepers
A. It is a collection. B. It is Cohen’s best novel.
C. It is a fantasy novel. D. It is adapted from a play.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今年最受关注的四本书。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces | By Elamin Abdelmahmoud中的“This book describes his own experience of moving from Khartoum, Sudan, to Kingston, Canada, in the early 2000s at age 12. (这本书描述了他在21世纪初12岁时从苏丹喀土穆搬到加拿大金斯敦的亲身经历。)”可知Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces这本书反映了作者的生活故事，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ordinary Monsters | By J. M. Miro中的“Ordinary Monsters is about a group of children with magical gifts who come together and pool their powers to escape the bad shape-shifting man that’s going after them. (Ordinary Monsters讲述的是一群拥有魔法天赋的孩子聚集在一起，聚集他们的力量，逃离追杀他们的坏变形人的故事。)”和A Magic Steeped in Poison | By Judy I. Lin中的“Harry Potter has his magic stick. And Ning, the heroine of Lin’s first novel, has tea, which in her world carries magical properties. (哈利·波特有他的魔棒。林的第一部小说的女主人公宁，有茶，在她的世界里承载着神奇的特性。)”可知第一本书和第三本书都是和魔法相关的，它们都是基于一个想象的世界。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据A Ballet of Lepers | By Leonard Cohen中的“This book also includes a radio play script (剧本) and a handful of short stories. (这本书还包括一个广播剧剧本和一些短篇故事。)”可知这本书是一本合集。故选A。
B
A song called Lonely Warrior (《孤勇者》) is always ringing in my ears. Six years ago, after hosting an annual ceremony for my school, I found that my left leg was a little swollen, and very soon I could barely walk. In fact, the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep. Of course, I went to a local hospital, where I was given very bleak (不乐观的) news-osteosarcoma, which means bone cancer.
I underwent chemotherapy (化疗) for the next two years, and it was the worst time of my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost all of the hair on my body and I became totally bald. I could barely eat anything, even if felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead, what woke me was my body telling me that I needed to vomit (呕吐).
I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me, and the dreams I had once nursed about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and experience more, so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by, however, I became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off, and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do, as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward. I made my decision very calmly, because I knew things could not be worse than they were at that moment, and I was determined that this was just one more battle I would win.
Now, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this, and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yourself, and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
4. What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime
5. What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition
A. Chopping off his leg.
B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer.
D. Seeking psychological assistance.
6. What does the underlined word“weathered”in the last paragraph mean
A. resisted B. survived C. escaped D. produced
7. What does the author want to convey in the text
A. A light heart lives long.
B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders.
D. One with faith braves any hardship.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者分享了自己与骨癌作斗争的经历，告诉那些与困难做斗争的人要相信自己，坚持下去，就会渡过难关。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I underwent chemotherapy (化疗) for the next two years, and it was the worst time of my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me.(在接下来的两年里，我接受了化疗，那是我一生中最糟糕的时期。身体上，我觉得化疗的副作用要了我的命。)”可知，作者化疗经历了最糟糕的人生，身体上，化疗的副作用几乎要将作者置于死地，由此可知，化疗让作者遭受很多的痛苦。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off, and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do, as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward.(我最后建议把那条腿砍掉，医生说这可能是最好的办法，只要我能应付心理上和社会上的压力。)”可知，作者建议截肢，医生也认为这是最好的方法。故选A项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的句子“I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this, and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yourself, and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.(我很幸运能够找到力量来处理这一切，我要告诉那些仍在与困难作斗争的人的是：要相信自己，不要让糟糕的时刻拖累你。只要坚持下去，你就会渡过难关的。)”可知，作者认为自己很幸运能找到力量处理这一切，并告诉与困难作斗争的人，相信自己，坚持下去就会渡过难关，由此可知，划线单词所在的句子的意思是“六年后，作者活了下来”，由此可猜测，该单词的意思是“幸存下来”。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this, and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yourself, and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.(我很幸运能够找到力量来处理这一切，我要告诉那些仍在与困难作斗争的人的是：要相信自己，不要让糟糕的时刻拖累你。只要坚持下去，你就会渡过难关的。)”并结合作者介绍的自己与疾病进行斗争的经历可知，本文表达的是有信念的人就能勇敢面对困难。故选D项。
C
Recently, more than 1,000 researchers and executives signed an open letter calling for a pause in research on artificial intelligence. The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda (宣传), and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization”.
Many of the signatories (签署者) are thoughtful and experienced AI practitioners. Their concerns should be taken seriously. On balance, though, their approach is likely to evolve into an opposition to progress.
Consider the broader worldview expressed in this document. It said, “Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and risks manageable. ” This is a formula for complete stop, as no one can ever be so confident. The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation. Slowing AI progress, moreover, carries risks all its own. Don’t forget that this technology is likely to make the world richer, healthier, smarter and more productive for decades to come. By 2030, it might be contributing more than $15 trillion to the global economy. Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.
Nor is AI research advancing into a void (空白领域). The industry already operates within legal parameters (范畴) in response to potential panies have ensured their products are safe. Trade associations are developing codes of conduct and ethical frameworks. Far from the “out-of-control race”, the AI business is constrained by law and politics and consumer sentiment.
It’s natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.
8. Why did the researchers and executives sign the open letter
A. Because the research on AI had been paused.
B. Because AI had uncontrollably destroyed human civilization.
C. Because they were worried about the potential risks of AI.
D. Because they were more experienced than others in AI field.
9. Why is the US mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To support that innovation comes from taking risks.
B. To stress that the US is very important in the digital field.
C. To draw attention to the benefits of well-meaning regulations.
D. To reveal those people’s real purpose of signing the letter.
10. What can we infer from this passage
A. AI technology consumes more money than it can earn.
B. Society will hugely benefit from AI technology in the future.
C. The AI industry is now developing without any restrictions.
D. The development of AI technology is just a solo effort.
11. What’s the writer’s attitude towards AI revolution
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近，1000多名研究人员和高管签署了一封公开信，呼吁暂停人工智能的研究。这封信警告说，人工智能可能会威胁到就业，传播宣传，甚至导致“对我们文明的失控”。许多签名者都是深思熟虑且经验丰富的人工智能从业者。他们的担忧应该得到认真对待。但总的来说，他们的做法很可能演变成反对进步。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda (宣传), and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization”.(这封信警告说，人工智能可能会威胁到就业，传播宣传，甚至导致“对我们文明的失控”)”可知，研究人员和高管们签署了这封公开信是因为他们担心人工智能的潜在风险。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation.(创新的历史是一部试错、冒险和回报的历史。美国在数字技术领域领先世界的一个原因是，它没有用善意但令人怀疑的监管来限制该行业)”可推知，第3段提到了美国是为了支持创新需要承担风险的论点。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.(医学、生物学、气候科学、教育、制造业、交通运输等领域的进步即将到来。任何新规则都必须与这些努力的巨大潜力相平衡)”可推知，未来社会将从人工智能技术中受益匪浅。故选B。
11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.(对新技术的担忧是很自然的。但是，美国社会的财富和丰富在很大程度上要归功于过去本着开放和乐观的精神所承担的风险。人工智能革命理应如此)”可推知，作者对人工智能革命的态度是支持的。故选B。
D
Poison frogs across Central and South America display some of the brightest colors in the animal kingdom. The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic (有毒的) defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators (捕食者) — has long been a grey area for scientists. Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill-these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation (突变). In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic (防护色的) pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.
To get to the bottom of this dilemma, Karl Loeffler Henry, a researcher at Carleton University launched the new study. Loeffler Henry’s team pored over data from the family trees of 1,100 species of frogs, newts and salamanders, and categorized them into one of five groups. On one end of range are the creatures with bright blues, yellows and reds. On the other are species that blend in perfectly with their surroundings. Between these poles, the scientists place species with camouflaged (伪装的) tops and colorful bottoms in various degrees. These tend to display their dramatic halves only when trying to defend themselves from predators.
The team used nine different computer models to test the potential evolutionary routes the species in the bright aposematic group might have taken to evolve this way. In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.
There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.
12. What remained unclear to scientists in the past
A. How the proper shades of the colors are evolved.
B. How these creatures signal their toxic defence.
C. Which colors are better at scaring predators away.
D. Which creatures are at higher risk of being eaten.
13. What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The predators clearly knew about the toxicity but still feed on them.
B. The first colorful members have bright colors but can avoid predators.
C. The first colorful members were eaten but the mutation was passed on.
D. The predators became seriously ill but their population continued to boom.
14. What do we know about the new study
A The colors of all those species were either bright or grey.
B. The aposematic group evolved by following nine routes.
C. The researchers observed these different species in the wild.
D. The origin of the evolution turned out to be the hidden colors.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Other theories of the evolution. B. Other animals’ evolution routes.
C. The drawbacks of the study. D. The significance of the study.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家研究毒蛙为何能把颜色进化出来，介绍了研究开展的过程以及其意义。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic (有毒的) defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators (捕食者) — has long been a grey area for scientists.(对科学家来说，这些生物的进化方式一直是一个灰色地带，它们的颜色足以表明它们的有毒防御，但又不会太过鲜艳，以至于容易受到捕食者的攻击)”可知，过去科学家还不清楚的是正确的颜色深浅是如何进化的。故选A。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill-these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation (突变). In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic (防护色的) pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.(起初，捕食者不知道鲜艳的颜色是有毒的信号，因此会吃了之后生病——这些很容易被发现的少数带有彩色突变的物种成员。从理论上讲，这应该使先驱者几乎不可能将他们的基因传递给后代，从而使突变在种群中占据主导地位)”可知，亮丽的颜色成为警戒色是这些天敌在试误后得到的教训, 但既然这些有着亮丽颜色的生物被吃掉了, 那从理论上讲就不可能把这个突变的基因传给后代了，但是却传了下来，故this dilemma指的是“第一批颜色鲜艳的成员被吃掉了，但是突变遗传了下去”。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.(最后，研究人员意识到它们都遵循类似的模式，从这个范围的中间物种进化而来，这些物种的颜色是隐藏的，除非处于危险之中)”可知，进化的起源起初是隐藏的颜色。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.(也有人提出了其他理论，但这个新理论提出了一种机制，可能在各种猎物群体和各种不同捕食者的反捕食者防御进化中发挥作用。也许，这也会启发我们探索其他动物群体中警告色的进化)”可知，最后一段主要讲研究的意义。故选D。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Enhance Your Wellbeing in Nature
Nature reduces our anger, fear, and depression and increases our positive mood and psychological wellbeing. Time in nature also brings us out of ourselves and our narrow concerns and connects us to a larger world where we find beauty and interest. ___16___
It is clear that it is important to get outside! ___17___ But even if you live in an urban area, spend time in your yard or find a park or a green space with trees and bushes. Go outside during your lunch hour if you can to get a “breath of fresh air” and give your mind a break. ___18___
We all know the long list of physical, mental, and emotional benefits of exercise. Exercise improves attention in the young and cognitive functioning in the old. It reduces stress and acts as an antidepressant. ___19___ But much as we know all these benefits, we can’t always motivate ourselves to exercise regularly. This is where nature can help. An appealing place to walk or bike can get us off our seats and moving. And once we start, the beauty of natural surroundings keeps us motivated to continue.
___20___ A series of studies showed that walking in forests, as opposed to urban environments, lowered blood pressure and stress hormones well beyond the time of the walk. So find somewhere with trees, bushes, wild grasses or flowers, water, and other such natural elements and go for a walk or run or bike. Gardening is another wonderful way to be active outside.
A. If you can get to the country, or a lake, that’s wonderful.
B. Exercise is also the key if we want to avoid gaining weight.
C. So find somewhere with trees or bushes to go for a walk.
D. The beauty of natural surroundings can keep us motivated.
E. Thus the environment is connected to our overall wellbeing.
F. You should find more energy for your afternoon mental tasks.
G. Moreover, exercising outdoors reduces stress even more than exercise indoors.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. F 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在大自然中可以增强幸福感，环境对我们的身心健康有很多好处。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Nature reduces our anger, fear, and depression and increases our positive mood and psychological wellbeing. Time in nature also brings us out of ourselves and our narrow concerns and connects us to a larger world where we find beauty and interest.(大自然减少了我们的愤怒、恐惧和沮丧，增加了我们的积极情绪和心理健康。大自然中的时间也带我们走出自我和狭隘的关注，将我们连接到一个更大的世界，在那里我们可以发现美和兴趣)”可知, 本段主要讲述大自然对我们心理和情绪的影响，可以开阔我们的视野，空处为段尾句，对本段有总结和归纳的作用。所以E选项(因此，环境与我们的整体健康息息相关)符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“But even if you live in an urban area, spend time in your yard or find a park or a green space with trees and bushes.( 但即使你住在城市地区，花时间在你的院子里，或找一个公园或有树木和灌木的绿地)”可知，此处应指与城市对应的地方，那就是乡下。故A选项(如果你能去乡村或湖边，那就太好了)符合语境。故选A。
【18题详解】
空处为段尾句，应承接上文。由上文“Go outside during your lunch hour if you can to get a “breath of fresh air” and give your mind a break. (如果可以的话，在午餐时间到外面去“呼吸一下新鲜空气”，让你的大脑休息一下)” 可知，午餐时间可到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气，让大脑休息一下。F选项(你应该为下午的脑力工作找到更多的能量)与上句衔接密切，符合语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“We all know the long list of physical, mental, and emotional benefits of exercise. Exercise improves attention in the young and cognitive functioning in the old. It reduces stress and acts as an antidepressant.( 我们都知道锻炼对身体、心理和情感有很多好处。锻炼可以提高年轻人的注意力和老年人的认知能力。它可以减轻压力，起到抗抑郁的作用)”提到锻炼对精神方面的好处，下文提到“all these benefits”，所以本句仍为锻炼的好处。B选项(如果我们想避免增重，锻炼也是关键)符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
空处为段首主题句。根据下文“A series of studies showed that walking in forests, as opposed to urban environments, lowered blood pressure and stress hormones well beyond the time of the walk.( 一系列的研究表明，与城市环境相反，在森林中散步，降低血压和压力荷尔蒙的时间远远超过散步的时间)”主要讲述到室外锻炼比在室内锻炼要好。G选项(此外，户外运动比室内运动更能减轻压力) 能够概括本段大意。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We live in a world increasingly dominated by science. Since elementary school, I have always ___21___subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___22___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always ___23___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___24___I thought, why bother But recently I had an ___25___that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.
Before I entered the classroom, I was ___26___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___27___intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___28___.
A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones — “but you can call me Rob” — was far from the white- haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___29___. Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ___30___us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own obstacles. To talk morals, we looked at ___31___we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___32___ones.
It ___33___me that if I let go of my ___34___, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of. The class taught me — in more ways than one — to look at things with a(n) ___35___mind.
21. A. chosen B. evaluated C. favored D. avoided
22. A. formulas B. puzzles C. challenges D. innovations
23. A. automatically B. consciously C. accurately D. impatiently
24. A. reason B. answer C. method D. direction
25. A. surprise B. experience C. incident D. adventure
26. A. hopeful B. confident C. doubtful D. nervous
27. A. jokingly B. mistakenly C. previously D. naturally
28. A. unique B. common C. different D. strange
29. A. mentioned B. expected C. encountered D. missed
30. A. engaged B. tested C. persuaded D. invited
31. A. choices B. abilities C. dilemmas D. doubts
32. A. objective B. effective C. encouraging D. appealing
33. A. confused B. struck C. warned D. convinced
34. A. pride B. concern C. assessment D. prejudice
35. A. open B. strong C. sharp D. ready
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过自己的亲身经历意识到，像英语和哲学这样的人文科学比科学和数学这样的学科更加灵活，并不是固定不变的。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小学起，我就一直偏爱学习科学和数学等科目。A. chosen选择；B. evaluated评价；C. favored偏爱；D. avoided避免。根据下文“To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___2___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities.”可知，作者从小学开始一直就偏爱学习科学和数学等科目，因为作者觉得这些学科更有意义。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，这些充满发现和创新的学科在人类进步中的作用似乎比人文学科更重要。A. formulas公式；B. puzzles谜题；C. challenges挑战；D. innovations创新。根据空前的discoveries可知，作者觉得科学和数学等科目充满了发现和创新，在人类进步中的作用更大。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一直自然地认为这些科目比英语等课程更扎实、更严肃。A. automatically自然地；B. consciously有意识地，自觉地；C. accurately准确地；D. impatiently无耐性地。根据上文“Since elementary school, I have always___1___subjects like science and math.”可知，作者一直认为科学和数学在人类进步中的作用更大，这是作者的固有印象，所以自然而然地认为这些学科比英语等课程更扎实、更严肃。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有正确的答案，我想，为什么要麻烦去学习呢？A. reason原因；B. answer答案；C. method方法；D. direction方向。根据下文“By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ones.”可知，作者认为人文学科很多都没有正确答案。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近我的一次经历教会了我，我的学术兴趣比我想象的更灵活：我上了第一堂哲学课。A. surprise惊喜；B. experience经验；C. incident事件；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“Before I entered the classroom, I was___6___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations___7___intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite___8___”可知，接下来讲述的是作者的经历，也就是说作者从这次上哲学课的经历中有了新的感悟。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我进入教室之前，我很怀疑。A. hopeful有希望的；B. confident自信的；C. doubtful可疑的；D. nervous焦虑的。根据下文“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve”可知，作者第一次上哲学课，对这门学科充满了疑虑，不知道哲学到底涉及到什么问题。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想象着进入一段很长很无聊的对话，自然是为了反思生活的意义。A. jokingly开玩笑地；B. mistakenly错误地；C. previously先前；D. naturally自然地。根据上文“And I always___3___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.”可知，作者固有的思维就是，人文学科很多都没有正确答案，所以作者认为哲学课的对话会无聊，然后自然的就是反思生活的意义。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我得到的是完全不同的东西。A. unique独特的；B. common普通的；C. different不同的；D. strange奇怪的。根据转折连词but以及下文“By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ones.”可知，作者上完课后感觉哲学课和他想象的不要一样，作者之前认为哲学课很枯燥，但是实际上很有趣。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，琼斯先生--“但是你可以叫我罗伯”这与我所期望的那个满头白发、衣冠楚楚的老人相去甚远。A. mentioned提到；B. expected预期；C. encountered遇到；D. missed错过。根据上文“A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones”可知，作者认为上哲学课的老师是一个白头发，系着纽扣的老人，但实际上是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，所以这和他期待的不一样。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗伯没有把我们拖入关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是站在了我们的立场上。A. engaged使参与；B.tested测试；C. persuaded说服；D. invited邀请。根据上文“Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points”可知，老师并没有学生进入到关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是使学生站在他们的水平上。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了谈论道德，我们审视自己所面临的困境。A. choices选择；B. abilities能力；C. dilemmas困境；D. doubts疑虑。根据上文“To talk free will, we looked at our own obstacles.”可知，作者在讨论自由意志时，看到了自己的障碍，同样，在讨论道德时，看到了自己的困境。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下课时，我发现没有正确答案的问题可能是最吸引人的问题。A. objective客观的；B. effective有效的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据上文“If there was no right___4___I thought, why bother But recently I had an___5___that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought:I took my first philosophy class.”可知，作者以前认为，没有答案是没有意义的，是枯燥的，而现在却发现没有正确答案的问题才可能是最吸引人的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我放下偏见，我实际上可以从我曾经很少考虑话题中得到很多。A. confused使困惑；B. struck打击，想起；C. warned警告；D. convinced确信。根据空后“I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of”可知，作者上完哲学课后突然意识到能够从很少考虑的话题中得到很多。It strikes（struck）sb. that...“某人突然想到...”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我放下偏见，我实际上可以从我曾经很少考虑的话题中得到很多。A. pride骄傲；B. concern关注点；C. assessment评估；D. prejudice偏见。根据上文“And I always___3___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right___4___I thought, why bother ”可知，作者对这些人文学科是有偏见的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这门课教会了我——在很多方面——以开放的心态看待事物。A. open公开的；B. strong强壮的；C. sharp锋利的；D. ready准备好的。根据上文“It___13___me that if I let go of my___14___, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，作者意识到，对那些人文学科不能带有偏见，要思想开放。故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guqin, China’s oldest stringed instrument, has existed for over 3,000 years. The earliest piece, ___36___ (unearth) in Hubei province in 2016, dates back to the Zhou Dynasty.
The body of a guqin is made of wood and seven strings of silk, but unlike its seemingly simple appearance, it takes over a hundred working procedures ___37___ (make) the instrument, including material selection, painting and tuning. It is ___38___ extremely demanding job.
The guqin, along with the game of Go, calligraphy and painting, ___39___ (expect) to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in ancient China. The most distinguished guqin ___40___ (music) was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn & Warring States Periods. As he played the guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard it and understood exactly ___41___ was expressed in the music. This deep understanding formed a strong bond ___42___ them, and they became close friends. This is the famous tale behind the guqin masterpiece, High Mountains, Flowing Water, ___43___ has been passed down through generations and is considered one of the greatest compositions in Chinese guqin music.
Nowadays, there are fewer than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty ___44___ (survive) masters. The original several thousand compositions have _____45_____ (significant) declined to a mere hundred works that are regularly performed today.
【答案】36. unearthed
37. to make
38. an 39. was expected
40. musician
41. what 42. between
43. which 44. surviving
45. significantly
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国最古老的弦乐器古琴的历史，以及有关古琴的故事和现状。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最早的一件是2016年在湖北省出土的，可以追溯到周朝。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词。动词与逻辑主语为动宾关系，因此需要使用过去分词表示被动。故填unearthed。
【37题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：古琴的琴身是由木头和七根丝弦制成的，但与它看似简单的外表不同，制作这把琴需要上百道工序，包括选材、上色和调音。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词；表示“制作这把琴的工序”，动词不定式作主语，it作形式主语。故填to make。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这是一项要求极高的工作。此处表示“一项工作”，job为可数名词，因此空格处需要填入冠词，空格后单词的发音为元音因素，所以用an。故填an。
【39题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：古琴和围棋、书法、绘画一样，被认为是中国古代贵族和学者所能掌握的。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词；此处“古琴”是被认为，所以空格处需要使用动词的被动语态，时间发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词用was。故填was expected。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：最杰出的古琴演奏家是春秋战国时期的俞伯牙。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入名词，根据后面可知，此处指的是古琴演奏家；所以需要填入musician。故填musician。
【41题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当他在山上弹奏古琴时，一个叫钟子期的樵夫听到了，并准确地理解了音乐中所表达的意思。分析句子结构可知，空格及后面为宾语从句，空格处需要填入宾语从句的连接词，从句缺少主语；且表示“什么”。故填what。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种深刻的理解在他们之间形成了牢固的纽带，他们成为了亲密的朋友。此处表示“他们之间形成了纽带”，空格处需要填入表示“在……之间”，此处表示两者之间，因此用between。故填between。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这就是古琴名作《高山流水》背后的著名故事，它被认为是中国古琴音乐中最伟大的作品之一，并代代相传。分析句子结构可知，空格及后面为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“故事”，因此使用which。故填which。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如今，训练有素的古琴演奏者不足千人，幸存的大师可能不超过50人。分析句子结构可知，此处位于名词之前，因此需要填入形容词；surviving表示“继续存在的”。故填surviving。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：最初的几千首曲子已经大大减少到今天经常演奏的只有区区几百首。此处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词作状语，表示“显著地”。故填significantly。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alex已被香港大学录取。请你写邮件祝贺Alex，并请教如何申请入读香港大学。
注意：
1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alex,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Alex,
I’m thrilled to hear that you’ve been accepted into the University of Hong Kong! Congratulations on this wonderful achievement! I am so proud of you and I know how hard you have worked to make it happen.
Meanwhile I was wondering if you could share some insights on how you went about applying to the university. I’m interested in knowing more about the process since I’m thinking about the possibility of studying there. Any tips or advice you could offer would be greatly appreciated.
I hope that you’re excited for this new adventure and I wish you all the best for your studies in Hong Kong. Please keep in touch and let me know how everything is going.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Alex写封邮件，祝贺他被香港大学录取，并请教如何申请入读香港大学。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
为……感到骄傲：be proud of→take pride in
与此同时：meanwhile→in the meantime
提供：offer→provide
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Any tips or advice you could offer would be greatly appreciated.
拓展句：I would appreciate it if you could offer me some tips or advice.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Meanwhile, I was wondering if you could share some insights on how you went about applying to the university. (运用了if引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】I’m interested in knowing more about the process since I’m thinking about the possibility of studying there.（运用了since引导原因状语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the late afternoon sun beat down on his farm in Missouri last May, Brandon finished feeding his cows and decided to go home. As they often did, his two sons, Louie, 7, and Everett, 5, followed closely.
As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father, who stopped to close the gate. Louie paused at a board covering an old well. The board had, over time, become easily broken. When Louie stepped on it, it caved in and he fell into the well. Brandon had just close the door when he heard a cry for help. He turned around and found his younger son Everett standing alone beside the well, pointing to it and screaming.
Brandon quickly realized what had happened. “No, Louie can barely swim,” he panicked, his mind almost going blank. However, he knew he should calm down. He ran to the well and heard Louie hitting the water. Without thinking, he jumped in. Somehow, Brandon managed to grab on to a pipe that ran down the side of the well. He hit the cold water at the bottom of the well and lifted Louie up as he stuck his own legs and back against the narrow walls for support. “All right, Dad, we can climb out now,” Louie said.
If only it were that easy!
The pipe that he’d grabbed during his fall was too slippery to be of any use. There was only one way out. Looking up to see Everett looking down at them, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help. And Everett, stay off the road.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everett did as he was told.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The couple hurried to the well with Everett.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Everett did as he was told. About 15minutes later, Dan and Christi, nearby farmers, were driving by when they noticed Everett alone by the side of the road, waving. They pulled over and asked if he was OK. “My daddy’s in a hole” he told them. Hearing this, they piled Everett into their pickup and then drove to the well.
The couple hurried to the well with Everett. “Brandon” Dan shouted, “It’s Dan. We’re going to send a rope down to you.” After several minutes they pulled Louie out of the well. The couple now turned their attention to Brandon, but he was too heavy to pull out of the well using just the rope. After a brief discussion, they decided to use the old windmill that still stood over the well. Forty-some minutes after he’d jumped into the well to save his son, Brandon emerged, cold and wet. “You are our life saver.” Brandon thanked Dan, who turned to Everett. Dan said. “Everett is actually your life saver. Without him, I wouldn’t have known the accident, let alone the rescue!” Words couldn’t express his surprise when the father turned to the 3-year-old boy. Finally they thanked Dan again together.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Brandon喂完牛后，和两个儿子Louie和Everett一起回家，在Brandon停下来关门时，Louie踩在覆盖在井盖上的木板上，由于木板老化断裂，他掉进了井里。Brandon跳进井里抓住了Louie，但是因为井里太滑，两人都不能逃出，Brandon让井口的Everett去路边寻求帮助，最终Everett找到了两个大人来帮忙，两人得以脱险。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Everett照他说的做了”可知，第一段可描写Everett找到了两人帮忙，并来到了井边准备救助井里的人。
②由第二段首句内容“夫妇俩和Everett一起赶到井边”可知，第二段可描写夫妇救助Brandon和Louie的经过，以及他们得救后的反应。
2.续写线索：Everett去求救——邻居停下车——了解了情况——开车到井边——拉出Louie——利用旧风车拉起Brandon——感激
3.词汇激活
行为类
①停车：pull over/pull on the side
②拉出：pull out/haul out
③浮现：emerge/arise
情绪类
①感谢：thank/show one’s gratitude to
②惊讶：surprise/shock
【点睛】[高分句型1] After a brief discussion, they decided to use the old windmill that still stood over the well. (由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Words couldn’t express his surprise when the father turned to the 3-year-old boy. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)东莞四中2023-2024高三第一学期英语月考试题
英语
本试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Books are excellent gifts. Here are four of the year’s most talked-about titles.
Ordinary Monsters | By J. M. Miro
Miro has temporarily abandoned literary fiction in favour of a new series of historical fantasy novels. Ordinary Monsters is about a group of children with magical gifts who come together and pool their powers to escape the bad shape-shifting man that’s going after them.
Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces | By Elamin Abdelmahmoud
The soundtrack to The O. C., a drama series, and the strange beauty of Highway 401 were important factors in developing selfhood of Abdelmahmoud. This book describes his own experience of moving from Khartoum, Sudan, to Kingston, Canada, in the early 2000s at age 12.
A Magic Steeped in Poison | By Judy I. Lin
Harry Potter has his magic stick. And Ning, the heroine of Lin’s first novel, has tea, which in her world carries magical properties. Lin has created a pleasing Young Adult fantasy rich in Chinese mythology (神话). In this book, Ning enters a competition to find the most gifted tea master, Shennong.
A Ballet of Lepers | By Leonard Cohen
Unlike many other posthumous (死后出版的) works, you can count on Cohen’s to be worth your wait. Before his death, he said that the novel contained in the book, which was never published, was likely better than The Favourite Game, a novel he published during his lifetime. This book also includes a radio play script (剧本) and a handful of short stories.
1. Which book is a mirror of the author’s life story
A. Ordinary Monsters. B. Son of Elsewhere: A Memoir in Pieces.
C. A Magic Steeped in Poison. D. A Ballet of Lepers.
2. What do the first and third books have in common
A. They are about teamwork.
B. They are based on an imaginary world.
C. They both involve Chinese characters.
D. They draw inspiration from other novels.
3. What can be inferred about A Ballet of Lepers
A. It is a collection. B. It is Cohen’s best novel.
C. It is a fantasy novel. D. It is adapted from a play.
B
A song called Lonely Warrior (《孤勇者》) is always ringing in my ears. Six years ago, after hosting an annual ceremony for my school, I found that my left leg was a little swollen, and very soon I could barely walk. In fact, the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep. Of course, I went to a local hospital, where I was given very bleak (不乐观的) news-osteosarcoma, which means bone cancer.
I underwent chemotherapy (化疗) for the next two years, and it was the worst time of my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost all of the hair on my body and I became totally bald. I could barely eat anything, even if felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead, what woke me was my body telling me that I needed to vomit (呕吐).
I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me, and the dreams I had once nursed about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and experience more, so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by, however, I became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off, and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do, as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward. I made my decision very calmly, because I knew things could not be worse than they were at that moment, and I was determined that this was just one more battle I would win.
Now, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this, and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yourself, and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
4. What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime
5. What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition
A. Chopping off his leg.
B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer.
D. Seeking psychological assistance.
6. What does the underlined word“weathered”in the last paragraph mean
A. resisted B. survived C. escaped D. produced
7. What does the author want to convey in the text
A. A light heart lives long.
B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders.
D. One with faith braves any hardship.
C
Recently, more than 1,000 researchers and executives signed an open letter calling for a pause in research on artificial intelligence. The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda (宣传), and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization”.
Many of the signatories (签署者) are thoughtful and experienced AI practitioners. Their concerns should be taken seriously. On balance, though, their approach is likely to evolve into an opposition to progress.
Consider the broader worldview expressed in this document. It said, “Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and risks manageable. ” This is a formula for complete stop, as no one can ever be so confident. The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation. Slowing AI progress, moreover, carries risks all its own. Don’t forget that this technology is likely to make the world richer, healthier, smarter and more productive for decades to come. By 2030, it might be contributing more than $15 trillion to the global economy. Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.
Nor is AI research advancing into a void (空白领域). The industry already operates within legal parameters (范畴) in response to potential panies have ensured their products are safe. Trade associations are developing codes of conduct and ethical frameworks. Far from the “out-of-control race”, the AI business is constrained by law and politics and consumer sentiment.
It’s natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.
8. Why did the researchers and executives sign the open letter
A. Because the research on AI had been paused.
B. Because AI had uncontrollably destroyed human civilization.
C. Because they were worried about the potential risks of AI.
D. Because they were more experienced than others in AI field.
9. Why is the US mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To support that innovation comes from taking risks.
B. To stress that the US is very important in the digital field.
C. To draw attention to the benefits of well-meaning regulations.
D. To reveal those people’s real purpose of signing the letter.
10. What can we infer from this passage
A. AI technology consumes more money than it can earn.
B. Society will hugely benefit from AI technology in the future.
C. The AI industry is now developing without any restrictions.
D. The development of AI technology is just a solo effort.
11. What’s the writer’s attitude towards AI revolution
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
D
Poison frogs across Central and South America display some of the brightest colors in the animal kingdom. The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic (有毒的) defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators (捕食者) — has long been a grey area for scientists. Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill-these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation (突变). In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic (防护色的) pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.
To get to the bottom of this dilemma, Karl Loeffler Henry, a researcher at Carleton University launched the new study. Loeffler Henry’s team pored over data from the family trees of 1,100 species of frogs, newts and salamanders, and categorized them into one of five groups. On one end of range are the creatures with bright blues, yellows and reds. On the other are species that blend in perfectly with their surroundings. Between these poles, the scientists place species with camouflaged (伪装的) tops and colorful bottoms in various degrees. These tend to display their dramatic halves only when trying to defend themselves from predators.
The team used nine different computer models to test the potential evolutionary routes the species in the bright aposematic group might have taken to evolve this way. In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.
There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.
12. What remained unclear to scientists in the past
A. How the proper shades of the colors are evolved.
B. How these creatures signal their toxic defence.
C. Which colors are better at scaring predators away.
D. Which creatures are at higher risk of being eaten.
13. What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The predators clearly knew about the toxicity but still feed on them.
B. The first colorful members have bright colors but can avoid predators.
C. The first colorful members were eaten but the mutation was passed on.
D. The predators became seriously ill but their population continued to boom.
14. What do we know about the new study
A. The colors of all those species were either bright or grey.
B The aposematic group evolved by following nine routes.
C The researchers observed these different species in the wild.
D. The origin of the evolution turned out to be the hidden colors.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Other theories of the evolution. B. Other animals’ evolution routes.
C. The drawbacks of the study. D. The significance of the study.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Enhance Your Wellbeing in Nature
Nature reduces our anger, fear, and depression and increases our positive mood and psychological wellbeing. Time in nature also brings us out of ourselves and our narrow concerns and connects us to a larger world where we find beauty and interest. ___16___
It is clear that it is important to get outside! ___17___ But even if you live in an urban area, spend time in your yard or find a park or a green space with trees and bushes. Go outside during your lunch hour if you can to get a “breath of fresh air” and give your mind a break. ___18___
We all know the long list of physical mental, and emotional benefits of exercise. Exercise improves attention in the young and cognitive functioning in the old. It reduces stress and acts as an antidepressant. ___19___ But much as we know all these benefits, we can’t always motivate ourselves to exercise regularly. This is where nature can help. An appealing place to walk or bike can get us off our seats and moving. And once we start, the beauty of natural surroundings keeps us motivated to continue.
___20___ A series of studies showed that walking in forests, as opposed to urban environments, lowered blood pressure and stress hormones well beyond the time of the walk. So find somewhere with trees, bushes, wild grasses or flowers, water, and other such natural elements and go for a walk or run or bike. Gardening is another wonderful way to be active outside.
A. If you can get to the country, or a lake, that’s wonderful.
B. Exercise is also the key if we want to avoid gaining weight.
C. So find somewhere with trees or bushes to go for a walk.
D. The beauty of natural surroundings can keep us motivated.
E. Thus the environment is connected to our overall wellbeing.
F. You should find more energy for your afternoon mental tasks.
G. Moreover, exercising outdoors reduces stress even more than exercise indoors.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We live in a world increasingly dominated by science. Since elementary school, I have always ___21___subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___22___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always ___23___thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___24___I thought, why bother But recently I had an ___25___that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.
Before I entered the classroom, I was ___26___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___27___intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___28___.
A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones — “but you can call me Rob” — was far from the white- haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___29___. Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ___30___us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own obstacles. To talk morals, we looked at ___31___we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___32___ones.
It ___33___me that if I let go of my ___34___, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of. The class taught me — in more ways than one — to look at things with a(n) ___35___mind.
21. A. chosen B. evaluated C. favored D. avoided
22. A. formulas B. puzzles C. challenges D. innovations
23. A. automatically B. consciously C. accurately D. impatiently
24. A. reason B. answer C. method D. direction
25. A. surprise B. experience C. incident D. adventure
26. A. hopeful B. confident C. doubtful D. nervous
27. A. jokingly B. mistakenly C. previously D. naturally
28 A. unique B. common C. different D. strange
29. A. mentioned B. expected C. encountered D. missed
30. A. engaged B. tested C. persuaded D. invited
31. A. choices B. abilities C. dilemmas D. doubts
32. A. objective B. effective C. encouraging D. appealing
33. A. confused B. struck C. warned D. convinced
34. A. pride B. concern C. assessment D. prejudice
35. A. open B. strong C. sharp D. ready
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guqin, China’s oldest stringed instrument, has existed for over 3,000 years. The earliest piece, ___36___ (unearth) in Hubei province in 2016, dates back to the Zhou Dynasty.
The body of a guqin is made of wood and seven strings of silk, but unlike its seemingly simple appearance, it takes over a hundred working procedures ___37___ (make) the instrument, including material selection, painting and tuning. It is ___38___ extremely demanding job.
The guqin, along with the game of Go, calligraphy and painting, ___39___ (expect) to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in ancient China. The most distinguished guqin ___40___ (music) was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn & Warring States Periods. As he played the guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard it and understood exactly ___41___ was expressed in the music. This deep understanding formed a strong bond ___42___ them, and they became close friends. This is the famous tale behind the guqin masterpiece, High Mountains, Flowing Water, ___43___ has been passed down through generations and is considered one of the greatest compositions in Chinese guqin music.
Nowadays, there are fewer than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty ___44___ (survive) masters. The original several thousand compositions have _____45_____ (significant) declined to a mere hundred works that are regularly performed today.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alex已被香港大学录取。请你写邮件祝贺Alex，并请教如何申请入读香港大学。
注意：
1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Alex,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the late afternoon sun beat down on his farm in Missouri last May, Brandon finished feeding his cows and decided to go home. As they often did, his two sons, Louie, 7, and Everett, 5, followed closely.
As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father, who stopped to close the gate. Louie paused at a board covering an old well. The board had, over time, become easily broken. When Louie stepped on it, it caved in and he fell into the well. Brandon had just close the door when he heard a cry for help. He turned around and found his younger son Everett standing alone beside the well, pointing to it and screaming.
Brandon quickly realized what had happened. “No, Louie can barely swim,” he panicked, his mind almost going blank. However, he knew he should calm down. He ran to the well and heard Louie hitting the water. Without thinking, he jumped in. Somehow, Brandon managed to grab on to a pipe that ran down the side of the well. He hit the cold water at the bottom of the well and lifted Louie up as he stuck his own legs and back against the narrow walls for support. “All right, Dad, we can climb out now,” Louie said.
If only it were that easy!
The pipe that he’d grabbed during his fall was too slippery to be of any use. There was only one way out. Looking up to see Everett looking down at them, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help. And Everett, stay off the road.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everett did as he was told
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The couple hurried to the well with Everett.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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